scholarly journals Can Winged Aphid Abundance Be a Predictor of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus Epidemics in Melon Crop?

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schoeny ◽  
Loup Rimbaud ◽  
Patrick Gognalons ◽  
Grégory Girardot ◽  
Pauline Millot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Winged Aphid

Aphid-borne viruses are frequent yield-limiting pathogens in open field vegetable crops. In the absence of curative methods, virus control relies exclusively on measures limiting virus introduction and spread. The efficiency of control measures may greatly benefit from an accurate knowledge of epidemic drivers, in particular those linked with aphid vectors. Field experiments were conducted in southeastern France between 2010 and 2019 to investigate the relationship between the epidemics of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and aphid vector abundance. Winged aphids visiting melon crops were sampled daily to assess the abundance of CABYV vectors (Aphis gossypii, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae) and CABYV was monitored weekly by DAS-ELISA. Epidemic temporal progress curves were successfully described by logistic models. A systematic search for correlations was undertaken between virus variables including parameters µ (inflection point of the logistic curve) and γ (maximum incidence) and aphid variables computed by aggregating abundances on periods relative either to the planting date, or to the epidemic peak. The abundance of A. gossypii during the first two weeks after planting was found to be a good predictor of CABYV dynamics, suggesting that an early control of this aphid species could mitigate the onset and progress of CABYV epidemics in melon crops.

Climatic elimination of mosaic spread in lettuce seed crops in the Swan Hill region of the Murray Valley

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
LL Stubbs ◽  
GT O'Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Trapping Period ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Seed Crops

The elimination of lettuce mosaic disease, formerly an economical important problem of market lettuce in Victoria, has been achieved by the .we of seed produced in the vicinity of Swan Hill. During the last quarter of 1960, trapping records of the incidence of four species of aphid vectors for lettuce mosaic virus were obtained from two localities in that area, and in Melbourne. The aphids Myzus persicae (July.), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos.), Aphis gossypii Glover and Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), were caught throughout the trapping period in Melbourne, September to December but not during November and December at the Swan Hill sites. The absence of aphids during most of the growing season for lettuce seed crops, explains the progressive reduction of seedborne mosaic which has occurred in varieties grown for several consecutive seasons in the Swan Hill region. During the trapping period more days with temperatures above 90�F occurred at Swan Hill than Melbourne, and long term records over the same period showed a similar trend. Differences in average relative humidity between the two localities were more significant. Swan Hill records (13 years) showed a progressive and pronounced reduction in humidity during the months September-December, whereas Melbourne records (30 years) were higher and practical constant.

Comparative activity of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in different crops in the Peruvian Andes

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Cameron ◽  
C.R. Davies ◽  
J. Monje ◽  
P. Villaseca ◽  
E. Ogusuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Sticky Trap ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aphid Honeydew ◽  
Sugar Source ◽  
Comparative Activity

AbstractSignificant inter-crop variation in the abundance of phlebotomine sandflies, mostly Lutzomyia verrucarum Townsend, and five aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was demonstrated by repeated castor oil sticky trap collections in two valleys in the Peruvian Andes. Sandfly populations were significantly higher in fruit crops than in ground crops. Sticky trap collections also proved to be a suitable method for measuring aphid relative abundance in crops. As aphid honeydew is a natural sugar source for phlebotomine sandflies, the relationship between the activities of sandflies and aphids was investigated in inter-crop comparisons. Significant correlations were detected between sandfly abundance and two of the major aphid species, Aphis gossypii Glover and Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), in one valley, but indirect explanations for these apparent associations cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals First record and occurrence of Μacrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in Central Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
D.P. Lykouressis
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
First Record ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

The potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), is a highly polyphagous species on secondary hosts feeding on over 200 plant species, but is especially found on Solanum tuberosum L. M.euphorhiae was first noticed on cotton (cv Zeta 2) at Thiva in central Greece in May 1988 during a study on the population dynamics of cotton aphids carried out in a cotton field in the above mentioned region. This species has been recorded on other host-plants in Greece. It resembles Acyrthosiphon gossvpii Mordvilko, a species which also colonizes cotton but has not been recorded yet in Greece. They can be distinguished from each other since the former has shorter siphunculi, hearing a zone of polygonal reticulation on their apices, than the latter. Moreover, it is easily distinguishable from Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scopoli and Aphis craccivora Koch, species which also colonize cotton. A. gossypii is the most important aphid species attacking cotton at Thiva region and has also been recorded previously on cotton by various authors. The species A. fabae and A. craccivora have also been recorded on cotton in Greece. M. euphorbiae was found in the first three samplings that occurred between mid and the end of May when plants were young. From early June and during the rest of the growing season this species was not found in the field. In a total of about 50 plants sampled in each sampling only a few individuals were found. The majority of aphids were alatae, representing 69, 60 and 43 percent of the population at the first. second and third sampling dates, respectively. Alatae started to reproduce on the plants after their alightment, since first and second instar nymphs were present even from the first sampli­ng which took place after the appearance of plants. However, the number of nymphs was kept low during the period M. euphorbiae was present, suggesting that this was possiblydue either to the partial unsuitability of the cotton variety as host or to the effect of the systemic insecticide, phorate which had been applied at sowing, but this needs further investigation. This species was found again in low numbers in another cotton field at Thiva region, from mid May to early June of 1989. The fact that this species was not found from early June onwards in both years reveals that cotton is only a temporary secondary host-plant, possibly not very suitable for aphid development and reproduction. However, cotton may play some role on the population dynamics of M. euphorbiae on subsequent crops and mainly on potatoes, a crop which is widely planted at Thiva region. This might be of particular con­cern because M. euphorbiae is a vector of several viruses.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial progress of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Roger Yochiharu Kotsubo ◽  
Karina Silva dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Vitória Carolina Antunes Chaves ◽  
João Valdecir Casaroto Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Among the diseases that affect passion fruit, those causing fruit woodiness is considered the most important. Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is an important vírus that is transmitted by several aphid species during the bite, making the use of insecticides infeasible to control these vectors. In order to understand the epidemiological behavior of the disease, this study aimed to study the temporal progress and spatial pattern of CABMV in the field. Healthy seedlings of passion fruit with 2.0 meters height were implanted in the field condition at the experimental station of the IDR-Paraná, Brazil. The evaluations were performed weekly observing the symptoms of blister, mosaic, chlorosis and crinkled leaves. For the analyses, the logistic, gompertz and monomolecular models were adjusted to CABMV incidence data in passion fruit. The spatial pattern of the disease was characterized by the dispersion index and Taylor's Power Law. The logistic model was the one that best described the progress in the incidence of the disease. The incidence progress rate of CABMV was 0.037, 0.077 and 0.060 % day-1. At the beginning of the epidemic, the pattern was random. The initial dispersion mechanism was occured through aphid vectors, como Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis solanella Theobald, Toxoptera citricida Kilkaldy, Uroleucon ambrosiae Thomas and Uroleucon sonchi L. infected with CABMV that starts its test bite randomly. The pattern of disease dispersion began to be added when the incidence of plants reached 10 and 7%, in the 2015/16 and 2017/18 harvests, respectively. The random spatial pattern suggested that infected aphids enter several points of the orchard and infected plants become a source for secondary infections, characterizing aggregate pattern. Thus, the eradication of alternative hosts abroad can be adopted as management strategies of CABMV

scholarly journals Plum Pox in North America: Identification of Aphid Vectors and a Potential Role for Fruit in Virus Spread

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Gildow ◽  
Vern Damsteegt ◽  
Andrew Stone ◽  
William Schneider ◽  
Douglas Luster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit Pennsylvania isolates of Plum pox virus (PPV) collected in Columbia (PENN-3), Franklin (PENN-4), and York (PENN-7) Counties, PA. Four species, Aphis fabae, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus persicae, and Myzus persicae, consistently transmitted PPV in preliminary transmission tests. Two species, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. Toxoptera citricida, from Florida, also was an effective vector but it does not occur in major stone-fruit-growing states. Species not transmitting PPV in parallel tests included Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Sitobion avenae. When given a 3-day probing access period simultaneously on PPV-infected peach seedlings and healthy peach seedlings, Myzus persicae, Aphis spiraecola, A. fabae, and B. persicae transmitted PPV to 63, 31, 38, and 32% of the healthy peach seedlings, respectively. When given a similar probing period on PPV-infected peach fruit and healthy peach seedlings, the same aphid species transmitted PPV to 50, 35, 0, and 0% of seedlings, respectively. Results support the hypothesis of secondary PPV spread by indigenous aphids in Pennsylvania, and suggest that PPV-infected fruit has the potential to function as a virus source for long-distance dispersal.

Yield losses in canola in response to blackleg disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-494
Author(s):  
Yixiao Wang ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Blackleg Disease ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Relationship

Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & De Not., is an important disease of canola (Brassica napus L.) worldwide. In Canada, blackleg is managed mainly by the cultivation of resistant or moderately resistant canola hybrids. Field experiments were conducted in Edmonton, AB, Canada, in 2017 and 2018 to determine the relationship between blackleg disease severity and yield in the moderately resistant canola hybrids ‘73-15RR’ and ‘1950RR’. Blackleg severity was rated on a 0–5 scale, where 0 = no disease and 5 = plant death. Regression analysis showed that relationships between disease severity and pod number and seed yield were best explained by second-degree quadratic equations in all site-years for both cultivars. Percentage yield loss increased by 18%–99% and 26%–86% in plants of ‘73-15RR’ and ‘1950RR’, respectively, with disease severities of 2–5 compared with plants with severities of 0–1. An improved knowledge of the relationship between blackleg severity and yield losses is important for a more accurate evaluation of the agronomic efficacy and economic benefits of control measures.

scholarly journals Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber mosaic virus by Aphids Associated with Virus Epidemics in Snap Bean

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Gildow ◽  
D. A. Shah ◽  
W. M. Sackett ◽  
T. Butzler ◽  
B. A. Nault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Virus Complex

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a major component of the virus complex that has become more pronounced in snap bean in the midwestern and northeastern United States since 2001. Multiple-vector-transfer tests were done to estimate the CMV transmission efficiencies (p) of the main aphid species identified in commercial snap bean fields in New York and Pennsylvania. The four most efficient vectors (p > 0.05) were Aphis gossypii, A. glycines, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Therioaphis trifolii, which were all significant species in the migratory aphid populations in snap bean. Moderately efficient vectors (0.01 < p < 0.04) were A. spiraecola, A. craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Poor vectors (p < 0.01) included A. fabae, Nearctaphis bakeri, and Myzus persicae. Only one species, Sitobion avenae, failed to transmit CMV in replicated tests. Estimates of p were consistent between different clones of the same aphid species and among three different field isolates of CMV tested. Single-vector-transfer test results for a subset of the species supported those obtained via the multiple-vector-transfer approach. Our results are consistent with the notion that A. glycines is a major vector of recent CMV epidemics in snap bean, but that species is only one of several that are involved.

scholarly journals Economically significant pests of vegetable crops in Smederevska Palanka

Biljni lekar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-487
Author(s):  
Bojana Jovanović ◽  
Olivera Petrović-Obradović ◽  
Bogoljub Zečević ◽  
Suzana Pavlović ◽  
Jelena Damnjanović
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Insect Reproduction ◽  
Sufficient Food

The aim of this research was to determine insect pests on vegetable crops in Smederevska Palanka area. By using standard methods, equipment and tools, insect pests that caused significant and less significant damages have been determined on vegetable crops: pepper, tomato, cucumber, melon, zucchini, cabbage, pea, bean, spinach and beet at the arable area at the Institute for Vegetable Crops. The most significant insect pests, causing the most damages were Frankliniella occidentalis and Tuta absoluta, and also several species of aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae), stink bugs (Nezara viridula, Eurydema spp.) and flea beetle (Phyllotreta spp.). These insects caused direct and indirect damages. The most significant damages have been noted in green houses due to favourable conditions for insect reproduction and sufficient food supplies.

Establishment theoretical of recommendation fertilization guide of vegetable crops in Algeria: concept and validation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-620
Author(s):  
Mahtali Sbih ◽  
Zoubeir BENSID ◽  
Zohra BOUNOUARA ◽  
Fouad DJAIZ ◽  
Youcef FERRAG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Continuous Models ◽  
Poor Soil

The goal of fertilization is to meet the nutritional needs of plants by completing the supply of soil nutrients in an economically profitable and environmentally friendly. Achieving on-farm optimum economic crop yields of marketable quality with minimum adverse environmental impact requires close attention to fertilization guide. The recommendations seek to do this by ensuring that the available supply of plant nutrients in soil is judiciously supplemented by additions of nutrients in fertilizers. The objective is that crops must have an adequate supply of nutrients, and many crops show large and very profitable increases in yield from the correct use of fertilizers to supply nutrients. The main objective of this work is to establishing a reference guide of fertilization of vegetable crops and cereal in Algeria. To meet this objective, we have processes in two steps: 1) Establishment of theoretical fertilizer recommendation from international guide of crop fertilization; 2) Validation of these developed theoretical fertilizer recommendation by trials in the fields. Sixteen fertilization guides of vegetable crops from the Canadian provinces (5 guides), USA (10 guides) and countries of northern Europe England (1 guide). Generally, the rating of these recommendation is ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich; however, the numbers of fertility classes are very different. Indeed, Quebec Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin New England, Maryland and Kentucky and Florida guides are subdivided into 5 fertility classes, ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich. The recommendation of New Brunswick and Manitoba contain six classes. The recommendation of Michigan, Nova Scotia and England contain 10 and 7 fertility classes respectively. The recommendation fertilizer of New York and New Jersey have 3classes. Unlike the systems of fertilization recommendation mentioned above, the recommendation fertilizer of Pennsylvania is based on continuous models of P, K and contains 34 classes for P and 22 classes K. Then we standardized the P soil analysis with conversion equations (Olsen method) and units of measurement (kg/ha, mg/kg…).Following this procedure we transformed discontinued systems of fertility classes in to continuous models to facilitate comparison between the different fertilization recommendation models in one hand, in other hand to obtain critical value (CV).Finally, we used statistics of the conditional expectation in order to generate the theoretical recommendation fertilization guide of fertilization with 7 fertility classes (VL, L, M, MH, OP, H and VH). The next step was calibrating soil tests against yield responses to applied nutrient in field experiments. A database (not published data) from agriculture and agri-food Canada, were used. Production of pumpkin responded positively and significantly to P or K soil fertility levels, increases being observed with P more often than with K. According to the Cate-Nelson methods, the critical value of Olsen-P in the top 20 cm of soil was about 25 mg/kg: at values of greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg, crops achieved about 80% of their maximal yield in the absence of fertilizer application. The CV of K in soil for this crop was about 140 mg/kg. The CV found was very close to this generated by the theoretical method for recommendation of fertilization guide. Finally, we used the procedure of Cope and Rouse in both sides of the CV in order to make subdivisions of different groups of soil fertility. One calibrates the soil-test value against yield response to tile nutrient to predict fertilizer requirement.

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