scholarly journals Phages Needed against Resistant Bacteria

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Moelling
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The State ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Gmp Production

Phages have been known for more than 100 years. They have been applied to numerous infectious diseases and have proved to be effective in many cases. However, they have been neglected due to the era of antibiotics. With the increase of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, we need additional therapies. Whether or not phages can fulfill this expectation needs to be verified and tested according to the state-of-the-art of international regulations. These regulations fail, however, with respect to GMP production of phages. Phages are biologicals, not chemical compounds, which cannot be produced under GMP regulations. This needs to be urgently changed to allow progress to determine how phages can enter routine clinical settings.

scholarly journals Beyond fecal microbiota transplantation: Developing drugs from the microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylaine Gerardin ◽  
Sonia Timberlake ◽  
Jessica R Allegretti ◽  
Mark B Smith ◽  
Zain Kassam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Abstract The transfer of live gut microbes may transform patient care across a range of autoimmune, metabolic, hepatic and infectious diseases. One early approach, fecal microbiota transplantation, has shown promise in Clostridiodes difficile infection and the potential for improving clinical and public health outcomes for other antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These clinical successes have motivated the development of microbiome drugs, which will need to address challenges in safety, uniformity, and delivery while seeking to preserve the benefits of using whole microbiome communities as novel therapeutics and an innovative platform for drug discovery.

scholarly journals Hitchhiking with Nature: Snake Venom Peptides to Fight Cancer and Superbugs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Pérez-Peinado ◽  
Sira Defaus ◽  
David Andreu
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Drug Leads

For decades, natural products in general and snake venoms (SV) in particular have been a rich source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery, and they remain a promising substrate for therapeutic development. Currently, a handful of SV-based drugs for diagnosis and treatment of various cardiovascular disorders and blood abnormalities are on the market. Likewise, far more SV compounds and their mimetics are under investigation today for diverse therapeutic applications, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria and cancer. In this review, we analyze the state of the art regarding SV-derived compounds with therapeutic potential, focusing on the development of antimicrobial and anticancer drugs. Specifically, information about SV peptides experimentally validated or predicted to act as antimicrobial and anticancer peptides (AMPs and ACPs, respectively) has been collected and analyzed. Their principal activities both in vitro and in vivo, structures, mechanisms of action, and attempts at sequence optimization are discussed in order to highlight their potential as drug leads.

scholarly journals Bacteriocins in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: Rising to the Challenge

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru ◽  
Laura Ioana Popa ◽  
Luminita Marutescu ◽  
Irina Gheorghe ◽  
Marcela Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Target Cell Membrane

Decades of antibiotic misuse in clinical settings, animal feed, and within the food industry have led to a concerning rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Every year, antimicrobial-resistant infections cause 700,000 deaths, with 10 million casualties expected by 2050, if this trend continues. Hence, innovative solutions are imperative to curb antibiotic resistance. Bacteria produce a potent arsenal of drugs with remarkable diversity that are all distinct from those of current antibiotics. Bacteriocins are potent small antimicrobial peptides synthetized by certain bacteria that may be appointed as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. These molecules are strategically employed by commensals, mostly Firmicutes, to colonize and persist in the human gut. Bacteriocins form channels in the target cell membrane, leading to leakage of low-molecular-weight, causing the disruption of the proton motive force. The objective of this review was to list and discuss the potential of bacteriocins as antimicrobial therapeutics for infections produced mainly by resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Mutator Bacteria as a Risk Factor in Treatment of Infectious Diseases

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Giraud ◽  
Ivan Matic ◽  
Miroslav Radman ◽  
Michel Fons ◽  
François Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT We show in a gnotobiotic mouse model that, in addition to direct selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, some antibiotic treatments also select for mutator alleles. Because of these mutator alleles' high mutation rates, the initial treatment failure increases the probability of failures in subsequent treatments with other drugs.

scholarly journals Environmental Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistance Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in a Tropical Ecosystem in India: Human Health Perspectives and Future Directives

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivalingam ◽  
Poté ◽  
Prabakar
Keyword(s):  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Polymyxin E ◽  
Toxic Drugs

In the past few decades, infectious diseases have become increasingly challenging to treat, which is explained by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Notably, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections at global level attribute a vast, dangerous clinical threat. In most cases, there are enormous difficulties for CRE infection except a few last resort toxic drugs such as tigecycline and colistin (polymyxin E). Due to this, CRE has now been categorized as one among the three most dangerous multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogens by the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Considering this, the study of the frequency of CRE infections and the characterization of CRE is an important area of research in clinical settings. However, MDR bacteria are not only present in hospitals but are spreading more and more into the environment, thereby increasing the risk of infection with resistant bacteria outside the hospital. In this context, developing countries are a global concern where environmental regulations are often insufficient. It seems likely that overcrowding, poor sanitation, socioeconomic status, and limited infrastructures contribute to the rapid spread of MDR bacteria, becoming their reservoirs in the environment. Thus, in this review, we present the occurrence of CRE and their resistance determinants in different environmental compartments in India.

Hyaluronidase-responsive phototheranostic nanoagents for fluorescence imaging and photothermal/photodynamic therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Yuwen ◽  
Qiu Qiu ◽  
Wei-Jun Xiu ◽  
Kaili Yang ◽  
Yuqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Infectious diseases associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are ever-growing threats to public health. Effective treatment and detection methods of bacterial infections are in urgent demand. Herein, novel phototheranostic nanoagents (MoS2@HA-Ce6 nanosheets,...

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