scholarly journals Characterization of Port Bolivar Virus, a Novel Entomobirnavirus (Birnaviridae) Isolated from Mosquitoes Collected in East Texas, USA

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Tesh ◽  
Bethany G. Bolling ◽  
Hilda Guzman ◽  
Vsevolod L. Popov ◽  
Ashley Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Drosophila X Virus ◽  
Aedes Sollicitans

This report describes and characterizes a novel entomobirnavirus, designated Port Bolivar virus (PTBV), that was isolated from a pool of Aedes sollicitans mosquitoes collected in a saltwater marsh in East Texas, USA. Full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicate that PTBV is distinct but genetically related to Drosophila X virus and mosquito X virus, which are assigned to species in the genus Entomobirnavirus, family Birnaviridae. PTBV produced cytopathic effect (CPE) in cultures of mosquito (C6/36) cells, but not in Vero cell cultures. Ultrastructural studies of PTBV in infected C6/36 cells demonstrated unenveloped virus particles about 55 nm in diameter.

scholarly journals Full Genome Sequencing and Genetic Characterization of Eubenangee Viruses Identify Pata Virus as a Distinct Species within the Genus Orbivirus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e31911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunatha N. Belaganahalli ◽  
Sushila Maan ◽  
Narender S. Maan ◽  
Kyriaki Nomikou ◽  
Ian Pritchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing

P705 FULL GENOME SEQUENCING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW HAV STRAIN TYPE 1B CIRCULATING IN ITALY

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. S304
Author(s):  
C. Argentini ◽  
S. Catone ◽  
N. Coppola ◽  
U. Villano ◽  
S. Taffon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Strain Type

scholarly journals Novel HPAIV H5N8 Reassortant (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Detected in Germany

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline King ◽  
Christoph Schulze ◽  
Andreas Engelhardt ◽  
Andreas Hlinak ◽  
Sara-Lisa Lennermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

A novel H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was detected in a greater white-fronted goose in January 2020 in Brandenburg, Germany, and, in February 2020, in domestic chickens belonging to a smallholding in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. Full-genome sequencing was conducted on the MinION platform, enabling further phylogenetic analyses. The virus of clade 2.3.4.4b holds six segments from a Eurasian/Asian/African HPAIV H5N8 reassortant and two segments from low pathogenic avian influenza H3N8 subtype viruses recently detected in wild birds in Central Russia. These new entries continue to show the reassortment potential of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses, underlining the necessity for full-genome sequencing and continuous surveillance.

scholarly journals Full-genome analysis of a highly divergent simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 strain in Macaca arctoides

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 1953-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Van Dooren ◽  
Laurent Meertens ◽  
Philippe Lemey ◽  
Antoine Gessain ◽  
Anne-Mieke Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Macaca Arctoides ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Human T Cell

Full-genome sequencing and analysis of the highly divergent simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) strain MarB43 in Macaca arctoides indicated that its open reading frame structure is compatible with proper functioning of its Gag, Pol, Env, Tax and Rex proteins. Detailed analysis of the coding potential, however, revealed that MarB43 is probably forced to use the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2/STLV-2 env-tax-rex splice-acceptor homologue and that the proximal pX auxiliary proteins p12I, p13II, p30II and p27I seem to have lost their function. Full-genome (gag-pol-env-tax), long terminal repeat and env phylogenetic analyses conclusively identified STLV-1 in M. arctoides as the currently most divergent STLV-1 strain. The long branching pattern of the monophyletic STLV-1 Macaca subspecies clades suggests that macaques might be the ancestral reservoir for primate T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in Asia. Full-genome molecular-clock analysis supports an archaic introduction of STLV-1 on the Asian continent, at least 269 000–156 000 years ago.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Putative Ancestor of Coxsackievirus B5

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
pp. 9695-9708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gullberg ◽  
Conny Tolf ◽  
Nina Jonsson ◽  
Mick N. Mulders ◽  
Carita Savolainen-Kopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods

ABSTRACT Like other RNA viruses, coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) exists as circulating heterogeneous populations of genetic variants. In this study, we present the reconstruction and characterization of a probable ancestral virion of CVB5. Phylogenetic analyses based on capsid protein-encoding regions (the VP1 gene of 41 clinical isolates and the entire P1 region of eight clinical isolates) of CVB5 revealed two major cocirculating lineages. Ancestral capsid sequences were inferred from sequences of these contemporary CVB5 isolates by using maximum likelihood methods. By using Bayesian phylodynamic analysis, the inferred VP1 ancestral sequence dated back to 1854 (1807 to 1898). In order to study the properties of the putative ancestral capsid, the entire ancestral P1 sequence was synthesized de novo and inserted into the replicative backbone of an infectious CVB5 cDNA clone. Characterization of the recombinant virus in cell culture showed that fully functional infectious virus particles were assembled and that these viruses displayed properties similar to those of modern isolates in terms of receptor preferences, plaque phenotypes, growth characteristics, and cell tropism. This is the first report describing the resurrection and characterization of a picornavirus with a putative ancestral capsid. Our approach, including a phylogenetics-based reconstruction of viral predecessors, could serve as a starting point for experimental studies of viral evolution and might also provide an alternative strategy for the development of vaccines.

Characterization of subtype A HIV-1 from Africa by full genome sequencing

AIDS ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean K. Carr ◽  
Tiina Laukkanen ◽  
Mika O. Salminen ◽  
Jan Albert ◽  
Annette Alaeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Characterization of a circulating PRRSV strain by means of random PCR cloning and full genome sequencing

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Van Doorsselaere ◽  
Marc Geldhof ◽  
Hans J Nauwynck ◽  
Peter L Delputte
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Pcr Cloning ◽  
Prrsv Strain

scholarly journals First isolation of an Entomobirnavirus from free-living insects

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 2431-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marklewitz ◽  
Florian Gloza-Rausch ◽  
Andreas Kurth ◽  
Beate Mareike Kümmerer ◽  
Christian Drosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Wild Type Counterpart ◽  
Virus Model ◽  
Drosophila X Virus

Drosophila X virus (DXV), the prototype Entomobirnavirus, is a well-studied RNA virus model. Its origin is unknown, and so is that of the only other entomobirnavirus, Espirito Santo virus (ESV). We isolated an entomobirnavirus tentatively named Culex Y virus (CYV) from hibernating Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in Germany. CYV was detected in three pools consisting of 11 mosquitoes each. Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses suggested that CYV and ESV define one sister species to DXV within the genus Entomobirnavirus. In contrast to the laboratory-derived ESV, the ORF5 initiation codon AUG was mutated to 1927GUG in all three wild-type CYV isolates. Also in contrast to ESV, replication of CYV was not dependent on other viruses in insect cell culture. CYV could provide a wild-type counterpart in research fields relying on DXV and other cell culture-adapted strains.

Electron Microscope Study of RNA's of Paramyxoviruses

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Ruchama Baum ◽  
J.T. Seto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements

The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of paramyxoviruses has been characterized by biochemical and physiochemical methods. However, paramyxovirus RNA molecules have not been studied by electron microscopy. The molecular weights of these single-stranded viral RNA molecules are not known as yet. Since electron microscopy has been found to be useful for the characterization of single-stranded RNA, this investigation was initiated to examine the morphology and length measurements of paramyxovirus RNA's.Sendai virus Z strain and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Milano strain, were used. For these studies it was necessary to develop a method of extracting RNA molecules from purified virus particles. Highly purified Sendai virus was treated with pronase (300 μg/ml) at 37°C for 30 minutes and the RNA extracted by the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-phenol procedure.

The Fine Structure of Replicating Simian Adenoviruses in LLC-MK2

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Matias Pardo ◽  
Malcolm Slifkin ◽  
Leonard Merkow ◽  
Marie Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Simian Adenovirus ◽  
Infectivity Titer

The simian adenoviruses SV20, SV30 and SA7 have been found to be oncogenic in the Syrian hamster. The growth characteristics and replicative cycle of these viruses in tissue culture therefore appeared appropriate to investigate. Cesium chloride purified simian adenovirus with an infectivity titer of 100 TCID50, was inoculated into monolayers of LLC-MK2 cells. Cells were fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded for ultrastructural studies at 1, 3, 6, 9, 18, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 192 hours post-infection.At the first hour post-infection, virus particles were adsorbed to the plasmalemma and found within the peripheral cytoplasm of many LLC-MK2 cells (Fig. 1). Although the first detection of infectious virus occurred at 14 hours and infectivity titers did not reach a maximum until 30 hours, intranuclear virus particles were observed by 3 hours in typical adenovirus crystalline array (Fig. 2) by means of electron microscopy. These typical honeycomb arrayed virus particles at 3 hours provided evidence of significant replication in approximately 5 percent of tissue culture cells examined. Simultaneously, a classical nuclear inclusion manifested by peripheral condensation of nuclear chromatin was evident by light microscopy. As early at 6 to 9 hours, unusual intranuclear concentric membranes formed “tubes” which contained linear arranged virus particles (Fig. 3). In transverse or tangential sections, these “tubes” appeared cochlear-like in shape. In longitudinal section, these intranuclear tubular structures contained individual virus particles at various stages of maturation in a linear arranged order. This arrangement resembled “peas in a pod”.

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