scholarly journals The Interactions Between HBV and the Innate Immunity of Hepatocytes

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayed Attia Koutb Megahed ◽  
Xiaoling Zhou ◽  
Pingnan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Immune Recognition

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects ~350 million people and poses a major public health problem worldwide. HBV is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Fewer than 5% of HBV-infected adults (but up to 90% of HBV-infected infants and children) develop chronic HBV infection as indicated by continued, detectable expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for at least 6 months after the initial infection. Increasing evidence indicates that HBV interacts with innate immunity signaling pathways of hepatocytes to suppress innate immunity. However, it is still not clear how HBV avoids monitoring by the innate immunity of hepatocytes and whether the innate immunity of hepatocytes can be effective against HBV if re-triggered. Moreover, a deep understanding of virus–host interactions is important in developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HBV infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding how HBV represses innate immune recognition, as well as recent progress with respect to in vitro models for studying HBV infection and innate immunity.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus rigs the cellular metabolome to avoid innate immune recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Rui He ◽  
Peining Fang ◽  
Mengqi Li ◽  
Haisheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
B Virus

AbstractGlucose metabolism and innate immunity evolved side-by-side. It is unclear if and how the two systems interact with each other during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and, if so, which mechanisms are involved. Here, we report that HBV activates glycolysis to impede retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-induced interferon production. We demonstrate that HBV sequesters MAVS from RIG-I by forming a ternary complex including hexokinase (HK). Using a series of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that HBV suppresses RLR signaling via lactate dehydrogenase-A-dependent lactate production. Lactate directly binds MAVS preventing its aggregation and mitochondrial localization during HBV infection. Therefore, we show that HK2 and glycolysis-derived lactate have important functions in the immune escape of HBV and that energy metabolism regulates innate immunity during HBV infection.

Eliminating Hepatitis B from Bangladesh by the Year 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Md Golam Mustafa ◽  
Md Shahinul Alam ◽  
Md Golam Azam ◽  
Md Mahabubul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Government

Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem. Bangladesh having a large burden of HBV infection, should be a major contributor towards it’s elimination by 2030. The country has been making progress in reducing incidence of HBV infection during the past decades. The progresses are mainly due to large vaccination coverage among children and large coverage of timely birthdose vaccine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges in achieving target of reduction in mortality from HBV. On the basis of targets of the WHO’s Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, we highlight priorities for action towards HBV elimination. To attain the target of reduced mortality we propose that, the service coverage targets of diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized along with vaccination. Firstly, improvements are needed in the diagnostic and treatment abilities of medical institutions and health workers. Secondly, the government needs to reduce the costs of health care. Thirdly, better coordination is needed across existing national program and resources to establish an integrated system for prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this way, we can make progress towards achieving the target of eliminating HBV from Bangladesh by 2030 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 145-149

scholarly journals Trends in Prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection among blood donors in Apollo Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-2011

Pulse ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Huda ◽  
TA Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

Transfusion transmitted infection (TTIs) is still a concern associated with blood transfusion as hepatitis B and hepatitis C remains a major public health problem in a country like Bangladesh. The trends of the prevalence of HBsAg and HCV infection among the healthy blood donors even in a tertiary level hospital could be a guide for planning and implementing programs for preventive measures. All samples of a total 18,381 unit of blood were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies at Apollo Hospitals Dhaka over a period of 5 years (2007-2011). The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection was calculated by year to demonstrate the trends. The overall sero prevalence rate of HBV and HCV among all blood donors at Apollo Hospitals, Dhaka during 2007 to 2011 was 1.42% and 0.10% respectively. There was decreasing trend observed in sero prevalence of HBV (1.77% vs 1.64%) and HCV (0.13% vs 0.02%) over five years of time, although this change was not statistically significant (p=0.16 for HBV and p=0.20 for HCV). However, a significant decreasing trend was observed in the sero prevalence of HBV among blood donors aged 30 years and above, which was 1.04% in 2011 against 1.73% in 2007 (p=0.04). The decreasing trend in the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection might be the result of improvement in donor recruitment and selection, replacement donation exclusion in transfusion services, and possibly decreasing HBV infection prevalence in general population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20330 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.27-32

Prevalence of Hepatitis B amgonst Asymptomatic Persons Visiting Braithwait Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH), Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B. U. Fajoyomi ◽  
C. D. Onwukwe ◽  
G. Alukara
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem; it infects more than 400 million people worldwide. In recent years, the overall prevalence of this virus has declined due to its vaccine that is now in circulation. Hepatitis B virus causes liver injury by an immune response against the virus-infected liver cells but it’s not directly cytopathic, but immunosuppression enhances replication and can lead to direct cytotoxicity. In this study, A survey was conducted amongst 200 randomly selected general out-patients within the ages of 10-80 years with pregnant women inclusive who are attending the Braithwait Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH) Nigeria, in order to ascertain the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection among patients attending Braithwait Memorial Specialist Hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria and the general knowledge of the people about this highly infectious disease. Sera collected were screened for the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen () using Labacon Diagnostic Test Strip (Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co., Ltd China) and a total of 32 out of the 200 respondents tested positive of Hepatitis B surface antigen, giving a percentage of 16% (32/200).Questionnaires were distributed to the subjects in order to ascertain their perceptions about the disease, and to obtain useful socio-demographic information. There was a poor management and prevention control of the disease and this may have accounted for the prevalence of 16% in the study population.

scholarly journals Pleural Effusion Related to Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation: A Rare Association

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Oliveira ◽  
Diana Valadares ◽  
Filipe Nery
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus

Despite worldwide vaccination campaigns, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem. The natural history ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe liver injury or failure, chronic complications or reactivation episodes. The effects of HBV on the organism are immunomediated, possibly triggering extrahepatic manifestations. Since 1971, only a few cases of pleural effusion related to HBV infection have been described. We report HBV-associated pleural effusion occurring during a viral reactivation episode. Antiviral treatment directed towards pleural effusion related to HBV infection should be dictated by underlying liver disease severity and not pleural effusion severity.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B in Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lahchaichi ◽  
M Ben Hadj ◽  
H Bouguerra ◽  
K Talmoudi ◽  
A Bahrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. Data related to epidemiology, distributions and outcomes of VHB infections in Tunisia remains scarce. This work aimed to study the prevalence of HBV infections and their distribution as well as the main risk factors associated to HBV infection. Methods Our study was a cross-sectional household- based study carried out among a representative sample of 22 275 from January 2014 to December 2015. Sampling was based on the National Census of 2014. For data collection, questionnaires were administrated by trained investigator and blood samples were sent to the Reference laboratory for analysis of HBV markers. Results Among 21720 surveyed subjects, 19663 subjects had a laboratory tests and the serological results reached to 19155. Overall prevalence of HBs Ag was 1.7% [1.6-1.9]. Prevalence of HBsAg was significantly higher in men (2.1% against 1.4%; p < 10-3), in age group more than 20 years (2.1% against 0.1% p ≪10-3) and in the Central region (2.3%; p < 10-3). Among the associated risk factors in univariate analysis were chronic dialysis, dental care, surgical intervention, hospitalization, traditional circumcision, scarification and multiple sexual partners. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, age over 20 years, center and south regions, hospital follow-up of a chronic pathology and having a family member chronic carrier of HBs Ag were the associated risk factors of HBV infection and vaccination was the only protective factor. Conclusions Our study allowed to have a clear estimate of the national prevalence of HBsAg and to classify Tunisia as a country of low endemicity of Hepatitis B. This decline is mainly due to the introduction of vaccination since 1995 and the improvement of the health system. However, more efforts should be paid to reduce nosocomial transmission and traditional high-risk behaviors. Key messages Tunisia has become a country of low endemicity for hepatitis B. This was a result to the introduction of vaccination since 1995.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Hepatitis B in Rania Hospitals

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Zhino Raouf Ali ◽  
Mohammed Rasol Ahmed ◽  
Khalid Muhamad Hamad ◽  
Zhiar Hussen Wsu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide especially for healthcare professionals (HCPs). It is a potentially life-threatening condition because leads to liver infection, and liver cancer. There is a shortage of research on undergraduate students. The main aim of this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of health care professionals regarding HBV at Rania hospitals in the Kurdistan region of Iraq during the period of 20th October 2019 to 16th April 2020. Non- probability purposive sample of (303) HCPs; for data collection, the study instrument was constructed and designed through reading literature, books, and articles which included (42) items. Reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of stability reliability (test and retest) approach which was estimated as r = (0.83.)The data were collected through the use of the interview technique then organized and coded into computer files. Statistical approaches were uses for data analysis, which includes: descriptive and inferential statistics and chi-square, data analysis (SPSS version 25). The results indicated that the majority of the study samples were in the age group (≤ 30)) years and the female participants was more than male, three-quarters of the participants were married, most of them were graduated from institute nursing and less than half of HCPs had 6-10 years of employment, but the majority of the participants were not trained at all, and most of them had not immunized against HBV vaccine. Three-quarters of HCPs had moderate knowledge regarding HBV infection. Also, the current study demonstrated a significant association between the educational level and HCP's knowledge regarding HBV, at a P value less than 0.05. on site other hand, there was no significant association between HCP's age, gender, marital status, years of employment, and training course concerning hepatitis with the level of knowledge regarding HBV. The researchers recommended to the ministry of health and directorate of health in Rania city to complete vaccinate against HBV for all HCPs and participating their staff in healthy scientific issues and symposiums.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers towards Hepatitis B in Kabul, Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohullah Roien ◽  
Sayed Hamid Mousavi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Delshad ◽  
Fatemeh Pourhaji
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Health care workers are at high risk of obtaining HBV infection due to direct interaction with HBV-infected blood and body fluids in their workplace.Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess KAP of Health care workers towards Hepatitis B infection in Kabul.Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted between November, 2018 and January; 2019 among 502 health care workers using simple random sampling method. The tool for data collection was a self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16.00.Results: The overall knowledge, attitude and practice score of HCWs were 86.58%, 34.73% and 61.22% respectively. Most of participants correctly identified HBV transmissions. Health care workers with higher education level, showed good knowledge than those with low educational level (p < 0.0001). The majority of the participants had a poor attitude towards HBV prevention (53.98%). only 77.45% of participants had been screened for HBV and 56.37% of participants had been vaccinated against HBV, only 5.17% had completed three doses of vaccine.Conclusion: The finding of our study shows that health care workers in Kabul, are at higher risk of acquiring HBV infection due to low vaccination coverage and poor preventive practice. We recommend that free and compulsory vaccination, awareness and encouraging programs should be provided for all health care workers in order to increase favorable attitude and effective preventive measures for HBV infections.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B infection in the general population of China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Wang ◽  
Peixuan Men ◽  
Yufeng Xiao ◽  
Pei Gao ◽  
Min Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in China. Over a decade has passed since the last National Hepatitis Seroepidemiological Survey was conducted in 2006. The lack of updated data on hepatitis B in China makes assessing the current prevalence and burden of the disease inadequate. In response to the above situation, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a better understanding of hepatitis B epidemiology in the general population of China. Methods A systematic search was conducted in international databases (Medline through PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science) and national databases (CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data) to retrieve primary studies published between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Quality assessment, heterogeneity testing and publication bias assessment were also performed. Results Of the 27 studies included in the meta-analysis, the pooled estimated prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of China from 2013 to 2017 was 6.89% (95% CI:5.84–7.95%), which could be extrapolated to an estimated population of 84 million living with HBsAg in 2018. The prevalence of HBV infection in males was higher than that in females (5.88% vs 5.05%), and rural areas had a higher prevalence than urban areas (5.86% vs 3.29%). The highest prevalence of HBV infection was reported in Western provinces (8.92, 95% CI: 7.19–10.64%). In adults older than 20 years, the prevalence of HBV infection was approximately 7%, which was higher than that in children. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of China was classified as higher intermediate prevalence (5–7.99%), of which more than 90% of the HBV infection population included adults older than 20 years. The blocking of mother-to-infant hepatitis B transmission and plans involving timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 h should be implemented. Additionally, improving the quality of life and survival rate of the infected population through antiviral therapy and high-risk adult vaccination will be the priority of our future work. Moreover, various control measures should be implemented in different provinces across China.

scholarly journals Postexposure Prophylactic Effect of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Active Antiretroviral Therapy against HBV Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 1292-1298
Author(s):  
Tsunamasa Watanabe ◽  
Susumu Hamada-Tsutsumi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yokomaku ◽  
Junji Imamura ◽  
Wataru Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACTRetrospective study indicates that hepatitis B virus (HBV)-active nucleoside (nucleotide) analogues (NAs) used for antiretroviral therapy reduce the incidence of acute HBV infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Learning from HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), we explored the possibility of using NAs in PEP following HBV exposure, if preexposure prophylaxis is feasible clinically. Using freshly isolated primary human hepatocytes culturedin vitro, we analyzed the effect of HBV-active tenofovir and lamivudine in primary HBV infection and also the effect of treatment with these NAs after HBV infection. HBV-active NAs applied from 24 h before inoculation could not prevent the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen into the culture medium, and cessation of the NAs after inoculation allowed the cells to establish an apparent HBV infection. In contrast, hepatitis B immune globulin was able to prevent HBV infection completely. NA treatment before infection, however, can control the spread of HBV infection, as detected by immunohistochemistry. Practically, starting NA treatment within 2 days of primary HBV infection inhibited viral spread effectively, as well as preexposure treatment. We demonstrated that preexposure NA treatment was not able to prevent the acquisition of HBV infection but prevented viral spread by suppressing the production of mature progeny HBV virions. The effect of postexposure treatment within 2 days was similar to the effect of preexposure treatment, suggesting the possibility of HBV PEP using HBV-active NAs in HIV- and HBV-susceptible high-risk groups.

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