scholarly journals Comparative Seasonal Respiratory Virus Epidemic Timing in Utah

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Zayne Y. Callahan ◽  
Trevor K. Smith ◽  
Celeste Ingersoll ◽  
Rebecca Gardner ◽  
E. Kent Korgenski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Viral Interference ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Epidemic Timing

Previous studies have found evidence of viral interference between seasonal respiratory viruses. Using laboratory-confirmed data from a Utah-based healthcare provider, Intermountain Health Care, we analyzed the time-specific patterns of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, and enterovirus circulation from 2004 to 2018, using descriptive methods and wavelet analysis (n = 89,462) on a local level. The results showed that RSV virus dynamics in Utah were the most consistent of any of the viruses studied, and that the other seasonal viruses were generally in synchrony with RSV, except for enterovirus (which mostly occurs late summer to early fall) and influenza A and B during pandemic years.

scholarly journals Performance of a Novel Point-of-Care Molecular Assay for Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Enigma MiniLab) in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam T. Douthwaite ◽  
Charlotte Walker ◽  
Elisabeth J. Adams ◽  
Catherine Mak ◽  
Andres Vecino Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Influenza

The performance of the Enigma MiniLab assay for influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was compared to a centralized laboratory respiratory virus panel. The positive and negative percent agreement for influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and RSV were 79.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 57.8 to 92.9%) and 99.4% (95% CI, 98.4 to 99.9), 100% (95% CI, 47.8 to 100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.3 to 100%), 98.5% (95% CI, 94.6 to 99.8%) and 94.5% (95% CI, 91.9 to 96.4%), respectively.

scholarly journals Post-pandemic influenza A/H1N1pdm09 is associated with more severe outcomes than A/H3N2 and other respiratory viruses in adult hospitalisations

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Minney-Smith ◽  
L. A. Selvey ◽  
A. Levy ◽  
D. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract This study compares the frequency and severity of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (A/H1), influenza A/H3N2 (A/H3) and other respiratory virus infections in hospitalised patients. Data from 17 332 adult hospitalised patients admitted to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, with a respiratory illness between 2012 and 2015 were linked with data containing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for respiratory viruses including A/H1, A/H3, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza. Of these, 1753 (10.1%) had test results. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to compare the viruses for clinical outcomes including ICU admission, ventilation, pneumonia, length of stay and death. Patients with A/H1 were more likely to experience severe outcomes such as ICU admission (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.5, P = 0.016), pneumonia (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6–5.7, P < 0.001) and lower risk of discharge from hospital (indicating longer lengths of hospitalisation; HR 0.64 95% CI 0.47–0.88, P = 0.005), than patients with A/H3. Patients with a non-influenza respiratory virus were less likely to experience severe clinical outcomes than patients with A/H1, however, had similar likelihood when compared to patients with A/H3. Patients hospitalised with A/H1 had higher odds of severe outcomes than patients with A/H3 or other respiratory viruses. Knowledge of circulating influenza strains is important for healthcare preparedness.

scholarly journals Using routine testing data to understand circulation patterns of influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses in Victoria, Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Price ◽  
S. G. Sullivan ◽  
C. Sutterby ◽  
J. Druce ◽  
K. S. Carville
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Several studies have reported evidence of interference between respiratory viruses: respiratory viruses rarely reach their epidemic peak concurrently and there appears to be a negative association between infection with one respiratory virus and co-infection with another. We used results spanning 16 years (2002–2017) of a routine diagnostic multiplex panel that tests for nine respiratory viruses to further investigate these interactions in Victoria, Australia. Time series analyses were used to plot the proportion positive for each virus. The seasonality of all viruses included was compared with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus using cross-correlations. Logistic regression was used to explore the likelihood of co-infection with one virus given infection with another. Seasonal peaks were observed each year for influenza A and RSV and less frequently for influenza B, coronavirus and parainfluenza virus. RSV circulated an average of 6 weeks before influenza A. Co-infection with another respiratory virus was less common with picornavirus, RSV or influenza A infection. Our findings provide further evidence of a temporal relationship in the circulation of respiratory viruses. A greater understanding of the interaction between respiratory viruses may enable better prediction of the timing and magnitude of respiratory virus epidemics.

scholarly journals Verification of a Novel Multiplex PCR Respiratory Virus Panel in a US Biocontainment Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S7-S7
Author(s):  
Christina L Dean ◽  
Emily Alvey ◽  
Crystal Evans ◽  
Charles Hill ◽  
Eileen Burd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Emerging infectious diseases carry unique logistical, financial, and clinical ramifications. Rapid diagnostic testing methods can alleviate some of these challenges by providing definitive diagnoses earlier in the clinical course, leading to appropriate targeted therapy, cost savings, and improved patient outcomes. The BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2 plus (RP2plus; bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) is a multiplexed nucleic acid test for detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and 14 common viral and 4 bacterial respiratory pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from those meeting MERS-CoV epidemiological criteria. The aim of this study was to verify the FilmArray RP2plus for use in our biocontainment unit. Of note, the RP2plus is FDA approved but not currently available for sale in the United States. Eight patient samples were tested with known results (GenMark Respiratory Virus Panel [RVP] or Cepheid Xpert Flu/RSV). We had concordant results between the platforms for samples containing influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus 2, rhinovirus, and a negative sample. We evaluated two influenza B samples from two different patients. The FilmArray RP2plus did not detect influenza B in one of the patient samples. The sample was exhausted and repeat testing could not be performed. A second rhinovirus sample was not detected by the RP2plus, but Coronavirus 229E was detected in this sample, a virus not detected by the RVP. The sample was repeated and again did not detect rhinovirus. Further investigation into this discrepancy revealed that rhinovirus was originally detected by RVP at a signal of 34.4 nA (repeat of 46.9 nA). The concordant rhinovirus sample had a signal of 226.7 nA by RVP, which was much higher than the discrepant sample. Because of the low signal by RVP in the discrepant sample, perhaps the viral load was below the limit of detection of the RP2plus. All other quality control sample pools passed verification testing, including day-to-day and operator variance. It is not uncommon for a person under investigation (PUI) for a highly communicable disease to be evaluated in our facility. The performance of the RP2plus test on clinical samples showed acceptable concordance with our current means of testing for respiratory pathogens. The RP2plus will eliminate challenges implicated in storing and transporting specimens to an off-site lab, facilitate quicker turnaround time, and streamline the often cumbersome, complex protocols and practices required to work up a serious communicable disease.

scholarly journals Multi-center Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba H. Mostafa ◽  
Karen C. Carroll ◽  
Rachel Hicken ◽  
Gregory J. Berry ◽  
Ryhana Manji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Syncytial Virus

With the approach of respiratory virus season in the Northern Hemisphere, clinical microbiology and public health laboratories will need rapid diagnostic assays to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections for diagnosis and surveillance. In this study, the clinical performance of the Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV test (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for nasopharyngeal swab specimens was evaluated in four centers: Johns Hopkins Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Northwell Health Laboratories, NYC Public Health Laboratory, and Los Angeles County/University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Medical Center. A total of 319 nasopharyngeal swab specimens, positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 75), influenza A (n = 65), influenza B (n = 50), RSV (n = 38), or negative (n = 91) by the standard of care nucleic acid amplification tests at each site were tested using the Cepheid panel test. The overall positive percent agreement for the SARS-CoV-2 target was 98.7% (n= 74/75) and the negative agreement was 100% (n= 91) with all other analytes showing 100% total agreement (n= 153). Standard of care tests to which the Cepheid panel was compared included the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2, Cepheid Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV, the GenMark ePlex respiratory panel, the BioFire Respiratory panels 2.1 and v1.7, the DiaSorin Simplexa COVID-19 Direct, and the Hologic Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2 assays. The Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV test showed high sensitivity and accuracy for all analytes included in the test. This test will provide a valuable clinical diagnostic and public health solution for detecting and differentiating SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B, and RSV infections during the current respiratory virus season.

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonitis in Young Immunocompetent Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Sergio Stagno ◽  
Linda L. Pifer ◽  
Walter T. Hughes ◽  
Dana M. Brasfield ◽  
Ralph E. Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Open Lung Biopsy ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Circulating Antigens ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
A Prospective Study

Of 67 infants enrolled in a prospective study of infant pneumonia ten (14%) had evidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection. Diagnosis was achieved by demonstrating circulating P carinii antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all ten cases and by histopathology in the only infant who underwent an open lung biopsy. Antigenemia did not occur in 64 control infants (P = .003), nor in 57 patients of similar age who were hospitalized with pneumonitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory syncytial virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and influenza A and influenza B viruses. None of the ten infants with P carinii pneumonitis had evidence of a primary immunodeficiency nor had any received immunosuppressive medication. These patients were hospitalized at a mean age of 6 weeks (range 2 to 12) and their illness was characterized by its afebrile course, presentation in crisis with severe respiratory distress, apnea, tachypnea, cough, increased IgM, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with hyperaeration. The clinical features of P carinii pneumonitis were indistinguishable from those of C trachomatis and cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with rapid disappearance of circulating antigens; however, the small number of patients studied did not permit an analysis of its clinical efficacy. These results indicate that P carinii singly or in combination with other infectious agents may be an important cause of pneumonitis in young, immunocompetent infants with no underlying illnesses.

scholarly journals Rapid disappearance of influenza following the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Hamilton, Ontario

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Kevin Zhang ◽  
Avika Misra ◽  
Patrick J Kim ◽  
Seyed M Moghadas ◽  
Joanne M Langley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Bayesian Linear Regression ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

Background: Public health measures, such as physical distancing and closure of schools and non-essential services, were rapidly implemented in Canada to interrupt the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to investigate the impact of mitigation measures during the spring wave of COVID-19 on the incidence of other laboratory-confirmed respiratory viruses in Hamilton, Ontario. Methods: All nasopharyngeal swab specimens (n=57,503) submitted for routine respiratory virus testing at a regional laboratory serving all acute-care hospitals in Hamilton between January 2010 and June 2020 were reviewed. Testing for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza I–III, adenovirus, and rhinovirus/enterovirus was done routinely using a laboratory-developed polymerase chain reaction multiplex respiratory viral panel. A Bayesian linear regression model was used to determine the trend of positivity rates of all influenza samples for the first 26 weeks of each year from 2010 to 2019. The mean positivity rate of Bayesian inference was compared with the weekly reported positivity rate of influenza samples in 2020. Results: The positivity rate of influenza in 2020 diminished sharply following the population-wide implementation of COVID-19 interventions. Weeks 12–26 reported 0% positivity for influenza, with the exception of 0.1% reported in week 13. Conclusion: Public health measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with a reduced incidence of other respiratory viruses and should be considered to mitigate severe seasonal influenza and other respiratory virus pandemics.

scholarly journals Influenza and RSV incidence during COVID-19 pandemic—an observational study from in-hospital point-of-care testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stamm ◽  
Ingo Sagoschen ◽  
Kerstin Weise ◽  
Bodo Plachter ◽  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Emergency Room Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has forced the implementation of unprecedented public health measures strategies which might also have a significant impact on the spreading of other viral pathogens such as influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) . The present study compares the incidences of the most relevant respiratory viruses before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in emergency room patients. We analyzed the results of in total 14,946 polymerase chain reaction point-of-care tests (POCT-PCR) for Influenza A, Influenza B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 in an adult and a pediatric emergency room between December 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021. Despite a fivefold increase in the number of tests performed, the positivity rate for Influenza A dropped from 19.32% (165 positives of 854 tests in 2018/19), 14.57% (149 positives of 1023 in 2019–20) to 0% (0 positives of 4915 tests) in 2020/21. In analogy, the positivity rate for Influenza B and RSV dropped from 0.35 to 1.47%, respectively, 10.65–21.08% to 0% for both in 2020/21. The positivity rate for SARS-CoV2 reached 9.74% (110 of 1129 tests performed) during the so-called second wave in December 2020. Compared to the two previous years, seasonal influenza and RSV incidence was eliminated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Corona-related measures and human behavior patterns could lead to a significant decline or even complete suppression of other respiratory viruses such as influenza and RSV.

scholarly journals The Panther Fusion System with Open Access Functionality for Laboratory-Developed Tests for Influenza A Virus Subtyping

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Stellrecht ◽  
Jesse L. Cimino ◽  
Vincente P. Maceira
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Fusion System ◽  
Valuable Complement ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Nucleic acid amplification tests, such as PCR, are the method of choice for respiratory virus testing, due to their superior diagnostic accuracy and fast turnaround time. The Panther Fusion (Fusion; Hologic) system has an array of highly sensitive in vitro diagnostic (IVD) real-time PCR assays for respiratory viruses, including an assay for influenza A (FluA) virus, influenza B (FluB) virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (FFABR assay). The Fusion system has Open Access functionality to perform laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) alongside IVD assays. We developed two LDTs for FluA virus strain typing on the Panther Fusion instrument, enabling side-by-side testing with the FFABR assay. The LDT-FAST assay uses proprietary primers and probes designed by Hologic for the Prodesse ProFAST+ (PFAST) assay. The exWHO-FAST assay is an expanded redesign of the WHO-recommended reverse transcriptase PCRs (RT-PCRs). To evaluate the performance of these two LDTs, 110 FluA virus-positive samples were tested. Of these, 104 had been subtyped previously; 54 were H3, 46 were 09H1, and 4 were fsH1. All were appropriately subtyped by both LDTs. Of the untyped FluA virus samples, three were subtyped as H3 by both LDTs and two were subtyped as H3 by the LDT-FAST assay only. The sample not subtyped by either LDT was retested with the FFABR assay and was now negative. Limit-of-detection (LOD) analyses were performed with five FluA virus strains. The LDT-FAST LODs were similar to the FFABR assay LODs, while the exWHO-FAST LODs were higher for two H3N2 strains, findings that were explained by analysis of primer/probe homology. In conclusion, either FluA virus typing assay would be a valuable complement to the Panther Fusion respiratory menu given the performance of these LDTs, the system’s full automation, and the ability to split eluates for both IVD and LDT testing.

scholarly journals A comparison of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants admitted to hospital with acute respiratory infections

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Caul ◽  
D. K. Waller ◽  
S. K. R. Clarke ◽  
B. D. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYAmong 741 children under 5 years admitted to hospital with respiratory infections during two winters, infection with influenza A virus was diagnosed in 70 (9%), with influenza B virus in 8 (1%), and with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 259 (35 %). Both influenza virus and RSV infections were diagnosed most frequently in children under the age of one year, and diagnosed more frequently in males than females. Influenza illnesses were more severe in boys than girls. Both infections occurred more often, but were not more severe, in children from a conurbation than in those from ‘rural’ areas. Convulsions were the cause of 36% of admissions with influenza A infections, but were rare in RSV infections. Bronchiolitis was the reason for 39% of admissions with RSV infections, but was rare in influenza infections. It is suggested that infants admitted to hospital are a good source of influenza virus strains for monitoring arttigenic variation.

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