scholarly journals Origin of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 Outbreak in Cyprus, September 2016

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Rajko-Nenow ◽  
Vasiliki Christodoulou ◽  
William Thurston ◽  
Honorata M. Ropiak ◽  
Savvas Savva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Dna Libraries ◽  
Virus Serotype

In September 2016, clinical signs, indicative of bluetongue, were observed in sheep in Cyprus. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) was detected in sheep, indicating the first incursion of this serotype into Cyprus. Following virus propagation, Nextera XT DNA libraries were sequenced on the MiSeq instrument. Full-genome sequences were obtained for five isolates CYP2016/01-05 and the percent of nucleotide sequence (% nt) identity between them ranged from 99.92% to 99.95%, which corresponded to a few (2–5) amino acid changes. Based on the complete coding sequence, the Israeli ISR2008/13 (98.42–98.45%) was recognised as the closest relative to CYP2016/01-05. However, the phylogenetic reconstruction of CYP2016/01-05 revealed that the possibility of reassortment in several segments: 4, 7, 9 and 10. Based on the available sequencing data, the incursion BTV-8 into Cyprus most likely occurred from the neighbouring countries (e.g., Israel, Lebanon, Syria, or Jordan), where multiple BTV serotypes were co-circulating rather than from Europe (e.g., France) where a single BTV-8 serotype was dominant. Supporting this hypothesis, atmospheric dispersion modelling identified wind-transport events during July–September that could have allowed the introduction of BTV-8 infected midges from Lebanon, Syria or Israel coastlines into the Larnaca region of Cyprus.

scholarly journals Reliable and Standardized Animal Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Bluetongue and Schmallenberg Viruses in Ruminant Natural Host Species with Special Emphasis on Placental Crossing

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Ludovic Martinelle ◽  
Fabiana Dal Pozzo ◽  
Etienne Thiry ◽  
Kris De Clercq ◽  
Claude Saegerman
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Natural Host Species ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
The World ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Inoculum Preparation

Starting in 2006, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV8) was responsible for a major epizootic in Western and Northern Europe. The magnitude and spread of the disease were surprisingly high and the control of BTV improved significantly with the marketing of BTV8 inactivated vaccines in 2008. During late summer of 2011, a first cluster of reduced milk yield, fever, and diarrhoea was reported in the Netherlands. Congenital malformations appeared in March 2012 and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was identified, becoming one of the very few orthobunyaviruses distributed in Europe. At the start of both epizootics, little was known about the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these viruses in the European context and most assumptions were extrapolated based on other related viruses and/or other regions of the World. Standardized and repeatable models potentially mimicking clinical signs observed in the field are required to study the pathogenesis of these infections, and to clarify their ability to cross the placental barrier. This review presents some of the latest experimental designs for infectious disease challenges with BTV or SBV. Infectious doses, routes of infection, inoculum preparation, and origin are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the placental crossing associated with these two viruses.

scholarly journals Full-Genome Sequence Analysis of a Reassortant Strain of Bluetongue virus Serotype 16 from Southern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Kanisht Batra ◽  
Deepika Chaudhary ◽  
Akhil Kumar Gupta ◽  
Anita Dalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Genome Sequence Analysis ◽  
Reassortant Strain ◽  
Virus Serotype

The complete genome sequence of a reassortant field strain (IND2014/01) of Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 16, isolated from sheep from southern India in 2014, was sequenced. The total genome size was 19,186 bp. Sequence comparisons of all genome segments, except segment 5 (Seg-5), showed that IND2014/01 belonged to the major eastern topotype of BTV.

Full-Genome Sequencing of Four Bluetongue Virus Serotype 11 Viruses

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vandenbussche ◽  
C. Sailleau ◽  
T. Rosseel ◽  
A. Desprat ◽  
C. Viarouge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Virus Serotype

scholarly journals An outbreak of bluetongue virus serotype 9 in Southern Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Listeš ◽  
Sanja Bosnić ◽  
Miroslav Benić ◽  
Josip Madić ◽  
Željko Cvetnić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Serum Neutralization Test ◽  
First Time ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

The aim of this study was to provide a description of the first epidemic of bluetongue and the first survey on midges of the genus Culicoides in Croatia. Clinical signs were firstly observed on November 2001 in sheep in Konavle, Dubrovnik – Neretva County. During this epizootic the overall sheep morbidity and mortality were 5.2% (95% confidence interval (c.i.), 4.1-6.6%) and 2.29% (95% c.i., 1.6-3.3%), respectively. After the outbreak, 3,318 serum samples of ruminants from 53 villages of the Dubrovnik – Neretva County were examined for bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). In forty nine (92.45%, 95% c.i., 82.11-96.92%) of the 53 villages, animals with antibodies against bluetongue virus were found. In particular, a total of 178 cattle (49.86%, 95% c.i., 44.7-55.0%), 174 sheep (13.72%, 95% c.i., 11.9-15.7%) and 270 goats (15.95%, 95% c.i., 14.3-17.8%) were seropositive. Antibodies to bluetongue virus serotype 9 were detected in 212 positive sera by serum neutralization test. The percentage of positive animals decreased (P > 0.05) from the east to the west suggesting a possible east westward spreading of BTV infection. Fourteen light-trap midge collections from seven different sites were examined. Of the 4872 Culicoides spp. collected, 4,492 (92%, 95% c.i., 91.4-92.9%) of them belonged to the species of Obsoletus complex. This study showed for the first time that a pathogenic strain of BTV-9, probably from Montenegro, entered Croatia causing disease and death in local sheep and that C. obsoletus and C. scoticus were likely the major vectors of infection.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Strains Circulating in Malaysia During First Wave and Early Second Wave of Infections.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarina Mohd Zawawi ◽  
Jeyanthi Suppiah ◽  
Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram ◽  
Muhammad Afif Azizan ◽  
Shuhaila Mat-Sharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Synonymous Mutations

Abstract Background: Since December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 has raised a great public health concern globally. Here, we report the whole genome sequencing analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains in Malaysia isolated from six patients diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA extracted from clinical specimens and isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing using NextSeq 500 platform. The sequencing data were assembled to full genome sequences using Megahit and phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega X software.Results: Six full genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 comprising of strains from 1st wave (25th January 2020) and 2nd wave (27th February 2020) infection were obtained. Downstream analysis demonstrated diversity among the Malaysian strains with several synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in four of the six cases, affecting the genes M, orf1ab, and S of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The phylogenetic analysis revealed viral genome sequences of Malaysian SARS-CoV-2 strains clustered under the ancestral Type B.Conclusion: This study comprehended the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolution during its circulation in Malaysia. Continuous monitoring and analysis of the whole genome sequences of confirmed cases would be crucial to further understand the genetic evolution of the virus.

scholarly journals Full Genome Characterisation of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 6 from the Netherlands 2008 and Comparison to Other Field and Vaccine Strains

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e10323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushila Maan ◽  
Narender S. Maan ◽  
Piet A. van Rijn ◽  
René G. P. van Gennip ◽  
Anna Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Virus Serotype

Performance of clinical signs to detect bluetongue virus serotype 8 outbreaks in cattle and sheep during the 2006-epidemic in The Netherlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 129 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.W. Elbers ◽  
A. Backx ◽  
H.M. Ekker ◽  
A.N. van der Spek ◽  
P.A. van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Clinical signs of bluetongue virus serotype 8 infection in sheep and goats

2007 ◽  
Vol 161 (17) ◽  
pp. 591-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Backx ◽  
C. G. Heutink ◽  
E. M. A. Van Rooij ◽  
P. A. Van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Virus Serotype

scholarly journals Transmission of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 by Artificial Insemination with Frozen–Thawed Semen from Naturally Infected Bulls

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Kris De Clercq ◽  
Leen Vandaele ◽  
Tine Vanbinst ◽  
Mickaël Riou ◽  
Isra Deblauwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bovine Semen ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Gestational Stage

Transmission of bluetongue (BT) virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) via artificial insemination of contaminated frozen semen from naturally infected bulls was investigated in two independent experiments. Healthy, BT negative heifers were hormonally synchronized and artificially inseminated at oestrus. In total, six groups of three heifers received semen from four batches derived from three bulls naturally infected with BTV-8. Each experiment included one control heifer that was not inseminated and that remained BT negative throughout. BTV viraemia and seroconversion were determined in 8 out of 18 inseminated heifers, and BTV was isolated from five of these animals. These eight heifers only displayed mild clinical signs of BT, if any at all, but six of them experienced pregnancy loss between weeks four and eight of gestation, and five of them became BT PCR and antibody positive. The other two infected heifers gave birth at term to two healthy and BT negative calves. The BT viral load varied among the semen batches used and this had a significant impact on the infection rate, the time of onset of viraemia post artificial insemination, and the gestational stage at which pregnancy loss occurred. These results, which confirm unusual features of BTV-8 infection, should not be extrapolated to infection with other BTV strains without thorough evaluation. This study also adds weight to the hypothesis that the re-emergence of BTV-8 in France in 2015 may be attributable to the use of contaminated bovine semen.

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