scholarly journals Meta-Transcriptomic Comparison of the RNA Viromes of the Mosquito Vectors Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium in Northern Europe

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pettersson ◽  
Shi ◽  
Eden ◽  
Holmes ◽  
Hesson
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
South Central ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Habitat

Mosquitoes harbor an extensive diversity of ‘insect-specific’ RNA viruses in addition to those important to human and animal health. However, because most studies of the mosquito virome have been conducted at lower latitudes, little is known about the diversity and evolutionary history of RNA viruses sampled from mosquitoes in northerly regions. Here, we compared the RNA virome of two common northern mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium, collected in south-central Sweden. Following bulk RNA-sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) of 12 libraries, comprising 120 specimens of Cx. pipiens and 150 specimens of Cx. torrentium, we identified 40 viruses (representing 14 virus families) of which 28 were novel based on phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein. Hence, we documented similar levels of virome diversity as in mosquitoes sampled from the more biodiverse lower latitudes. Many viruses were also related to those sampled on other continents, indicative of a widespread global movement and/or long host–virus co-evolution. Although the two mosquito species investigated have overlapping geographical distributions and share many viruses, several viruses were only found at a specific location at this scale of sampling, such that local habitat and geography may play an important role in shaping viral diversity in Culex mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Meta-transcriptomic comparison of the RNA viromes of the mosquito vectors Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium in northern Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H.-O. Pettersson ◽  
Mang Shi ◽  
John-Sebastian Eden ◽  
Edward C. Holmes ◽  
Jenny C. Hesson
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
South Central ◽  
Virus Diversity

AbstractThere is mounting evidence that mosquitoes harbour an extensive diversity of ‘insect-specific’ RNA viruses in addition to those important to human and animal health. However, because most studies of the mosquito virome have been conducted at lower latitudes there is a major knowledge gap on the genetic diversity, evolutionary history, and spread of RNA viruses sampled from mosquitoes in northern latitudes. Here, we determined and compared the RNA virome of two common northern Culex mosquito species, Cx. pipiens and Cx. torrentium, known vectors of West Nile virus and Sindbis virus, respectively, collected in south-central Sweden. Following bulk RNA-sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) of 12 libraries, comprising 120 specimens of Cx. pipiens and 150 specimens of Cx. torrentium, we identified 40 viruses (representing 14 virus families) of which 28 were novel based on phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein. Hence, we found similar levels of virome diversity as in mosquitoes sampled from the more biodiverse lower latitudes. Four libraries, all from Cx. torrentium, had a significantly higher abundance of viral reads, spanning ∼7– 36% of the total amount of reads. Many of these viruses were also related to those sampled on other continents, indicative of widespread global movement and/or long host-virus co-evolution. Importantly, although the two mosquito species investigated have overlapping geographical distributions and share many viruses, approximately one quarter of the viruses were only found at a specific location, such that geography must play an important role in shaping the diversity of RNA viruses in Culex mosquitoes.ImportanceRNA viruses are found in all domains of life and all global habitats. However, the factors that determine virome composition and structure within and between organisms are largely unknown. Herein, we characterised RNA virus diversity in two common mosquito vector species, Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium, sampled from northern Europe. Our analysis revealed extensive viral diversity, including 28 novel viruses, and was comparable to the levels of diversity found in other temperate and tropical regions globally. Importantly, as well as harbouring RNA viruses that are closely related to other mosquito-derived viruses sampled in diverse global locations, we also described a number of viruses that are unique to specific sampling locations in Sweden. Hence, these data showed that geographical factors can play an important role in shaping virome structure even at local scales.

scholarly journals Gene Duplication Is Infrequent in the Recent Evolutionary History of RNA Viruses

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Simon-Loriere ◽  
Edward C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Culicidae evolutionary history focusing on the Culicinae subfamily based on mitochondrial phylogenomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Freitas da Silva ◽  
Laís Ceschini Machado ◽  
Marcia Bicudo de Paula ◽  
Carla Júlia da Silva Pessoa Vieira ◽  
Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Low Coverage

Abstract Mosquitoes are insects of medical importance due their role as vectors of different pathogens to humans. There is a lack of information about the evolutionary history and phylogenetic positioning of the majority of mosquito species. Here we characterized the mitogenomes of mosquito species through low-coverage whole genome sequencing and data mining. A total of 37 draft mitogenomes of different species were assembled from which 16 are newly-sequenced species. We datamined additional 49 mosquito mitogenomes, and together with our 37 mitogenomes, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of 86 species including representatives from 15 genera and 7 tribes. Our results showed that most of the species clustered in clades with other members of their own genus with exception of Aedes genus which was paraphyletic. We confirmed the monophyletic status of the Mansoniini tribe including both Coquillettidia and Mansonia genus. The Aedeomyiini and Uranotaeniini were consistently recovered as basal to other tribes in the subfamily Culicinae, although the exact relationships among these tribes differed between analyses. These results demonstrate that low-coverage sequencing is effective to recover mitogenomes, establish phylogenetic knowledge and hence generate basic fundamental information that will help in the understanding of the role of these species as pathogen vectors.

The evolutionary history of vertebrate RNA viruses

Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 556 (7700) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mang Shi ◽  
Xian-Dan Lin ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Jun-Hua Tian ◽  
Liang-Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Author Correction: The evolutionary history of vertebrate RNA viruses

Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 561 (7722) ◽  
pp. E6-E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mang Shi ◽  
Xian-Dan Lin ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Jun-Hua Tian ◽  
Liang-Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Curcumin Derivatives as Potential Mosquito Larvicidal Agents against Two Mosquito Vectors, Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8915
Author(s):  
Dimitris Matiadis ◽  
Panagiota G. V. Liggri ◽  
Eftichia Kritsi ◽  
Niki Tzioumaki ◽  
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Curcumin Derivative

Vector-borne diseases have appeared or re-emerged in many Southern Europe countries making the transmission of infectious diseases by mosquitoes (vectors) one of the greatest worldwide health threats. Larvicides have been used extensively for the control of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in urban and semi-urban environments, causing the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to commercial insecticides. In this study, 27 curcuminoids and monocarbonyl curcumin derivatives were synthesised and evaluated as potential larvicidal agents against Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus. Most of the compounds were more effective against larvae of both mosquito species. Four of the tested compounds, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin-BF2 complex and a monocarbonyl tetramethoxy curcumin derivative exhibited high activity against both species. In Cx. pipiens the recorded LC50 values were 6.0, 9.4, 5.0 and 32.5 ppm, respectively, whereas in Ae. albopictus they exhibited LC50 values of 9.2, 36.0, 5.5 and 23.6 ppm, respectively. No conclusive structure activity relationship was evident from the results and the variety of descriptors values generated in silico provided some insight to this end.

scholarly journals A Sister Lineage of Sampled Retroviruses Corroborates the Complex Evolution of Retroviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Guan-Zhu Han
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ribonuclease H ◽  
Genome Architecture ◽  
Major Lineage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Complex Evolutionary History

Abstract The origin and deep history of retroviruses remain mysterious and contentious, largely because the diversity of retroviruses is incompletely understood. Here, we report the discovery of lokiretroviruses, a novel major lineage of retroviruses, within the genomes of a wide range of vertebrates (at least 137 species), including lampreys, ray-finned fishes, lobe-finned fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. Lokiretroviruses share a similar genome architecture with known retroviruses, but display some unique features. Interestingly, lokiretrovirus Env proteins share detectable similarity with fusion glycoproteins of viruses within the Mononegavirales order, blurring the boundary between retroviruses and negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Phylogenetic analyses based on reverse transcriptase demonstrate that lokiretroviruses are sister to all the retroviruses sampled to date, providing a crucial nexus for studying the deep history of retroviruses. Comparing congruence between host and virus phylogenies suggests lokiretroviruses mainly underwent cross-species transmission. Moreover, we find that retroviruses replaced their ribonuclease H and integrase domains multiple times during their evolutionary course, revealing the importance of domain shuffling in the evolution of retroviruses. Overall, our findings greatly expand our views of the diversity of retroviruses, and provide novel insights into the origin and complex evolutionary history of retroviruses.

scholarly journals Gain, Preservation, and Loss of a Group 1a Coronavirus Accessory Glycoprotein

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (20) ◽  
pp. 10312-10317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Lorusso ◽  
Nicola Decaro ◽  
Pepijn Schellen ◽  
Peter J. M. Rottier ◽  
Canio Buonavoglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Type I ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Coronaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses of extraordinary genetic complexity and diversity. In addition to a common set of genes for replicase and structural proteins, each coronavirus may carry multiple group-specific genes apparently acquired through relatively recent heterologous recombination events. Here we describe an accessory gene, ORF3, unique to canine coronavirus type I (CCoV-I) and characterize its product, glycoprotein gp3. Whereas ORF3 is conserved in CCoV-I, only remnants remain in CCoV-II and CCoV-II-derived porcine and feline coronaviruses. Our findings provide insight into the evolutionary history of coronavirus group 1a and into the dynamics of gain and loss of accessory genes.

Early post-fire succession in a Nothofagus glauca forest in the Coastal Cordillera of south-central Chile

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creighton M. Litton ◽  
Rómulo Santelices
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Coastal Cordillera ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temperate Deciduous ◽  
Early Succession ◽  
In Fire

The temperate deciduous species Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser exhibits characteristics commonly found in fire-adapted vegetation, yet the role of fire in the evolutionary history of the vegetation in south-central Chile has not been well investigated. We examined the effects of a wildfire on early succession in a Nothofagus glauca forest in the Coastal Cordillera of south-central Chile by comparing data from a burned forest to the vegetation in an adjacent, unburned stand.

scholarly journals Darker eggs resist more to desiccation: the case of melanin in Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquito vectors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana C Farnesil ◽  
Helena C M Vargas ◽  
Denise Valle ◽  
Gustavo L Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Culex Mosquito ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Cuticle Formation ◽  
Late Embryogenesis ◽  
Anopheles Aquasalis ◽  
History Of

AbstractMosquito vectors lay their eggs in the aquatic milieu. During early embryogenesis water passes freely through the transparent eggshell, composed of exochorion and endochorion. Within two hours the endochorion darkens via melanization but even so eggs shrink and perish if removed from moisture. However, during mid-embryogenesis, cells of the extraembryonic serosa secretes the serosal cuticle, localized right below the endochorion, which greatly reduces water flow and allows the egg to survive outside the water. The degree of egg resistance to desiccation (ERD) at late embryogenesis varies among different species: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles aquasalis and Culex quinquefasciatus eggs can survive in a dry environment for ≥ 72, 24 and 5 hours, respectively. In some adult insects, darker-body individuals show greater resistance to desiccation than lighter ones. We asked if melanization enhances serosal cuticle-dependent ERD. Species with higher ERD at late embryogenesis exhibit more melanized eggshells. The melanization-ERD hypothesis was confirmed employing two Anopheles quadrimaculatus strains, the wild type and the mutant GORO, with a dark-brown and a golden eggshell, respectively. In all cases, serosal cuticle formation is fundamental for the establishment of an efficient ERD but egg viability outside the water is much higher in mosquitoes with darker eggshells than in those with lighter ones. The finding that pigmentation influences egg water balance is relevant to understand the evolutionary history of insect coloration. Since eggshell and adult cuticle pigmentation ensure insect survivorship in some cases, they should be considered regarding species fitness and novel approaches for vector or pest insects control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document