scholarly journals Mucosal Immune Response to Feline Enteric Coronavirus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Pearson ◽  
Alora LaVoy ◽  
Samantha Evans ◽  
Allison Vilander ◽  
Craig Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Fecal Virus ◽  
Systemic Responses

Feline infectious peritonitis is a devastating, fatal disease of domestic cats caused by a pathogenic mutant virus derived from the ubiquitous feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Infection by FECV is generally subclinical, and little is known about the mucosal immune response that controls and eliminates the virus. We investigated the mucosal immune response against FECV in an endemically infected breeding colony over a seven-month period. Thirty-three cats were grouped according to FECV seropositivity and fecal virus shedding into naïve/immunologically quiescent, convalescent and actively infected groups. Blood, fecal samples and colon biopsies were collected to assess the mucosal and systemic immunologic and virologic profile. Results showed that cats with active FECV infections have strong systemic IgG and mucosal IgA responses that wane after virus clearance. Significant FECV-specific mucosal T cell IFNγ responses were not detected in any of the three groups. A shift toward an inflammatory state in the mucosa was suggested by increased IL17:FoxP3 expression. However, no histologic abnormalities were observed, and no shifts in lymphocyte subpopulation phenotype or proliferation were noted. Together, the results suggest that control of FECV is mediated by humoral mucosal and systemic responses and that perturbations in the primary reservoir organ (colon) are minimal.

scholarly journals The time course of the immune response to experimental coronavirus infection of man

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Callow ◽  
H. F. Parry ◽  
M. Sergeant ◽  
D. A. J. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations

SUMMARYAfter preliminary trials, the detailed changes in the concentration of specific circulating and local antibodies were followed in 15 volunteers inoculated with coronavirus 229E. Ten of them, who had significantly lower concentrations of pre-existing antibody than the rest, became infected and eight of these developed colds. A limited investigation of circulating lymphocyte populations showed some lymphocytopenia in infected volunteers. In this group, antibody concentrations started to increase 1 week after inoculation and reached a maximum about 1 week later. Thereafter antibody titres slowly declined. Although concentrations were still slightly raised 1 year later, this did not always prevent reinfection when volunteers were then challenged with the homologous virus. However, the period of virus shedding was shorter than before and none developed a cold. All of the uninfected group were infected on re-challenge although they also appeared to show some resistance to disease and in the extent of infection. These results are discussed with reference to natural infections with coronavirus and with other infections, such as rhinovirus infections.

scholarly journals Study on the mucosal and serological immune response to the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee WY Chan ◽  
Shaojun Liu ◽  
Jonathan Y Cheung ◽  
Joseph GS Tsun ◽  
Kate CC Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
First Line ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Systemic Responses

Vaccines that elicit mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 could potentially be of exceptional importance in providing first line defense at the site of viral entry. The serological antibody response induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have already been well characterized. In order to understand the mucosal immune response profiles of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, we examined both the mucosal and systemic responses of subjects vaccinated by two different vaccination platforms: mRNA (Comirnaty) and inactivated virus (CoronaVac). Serial nasal epithelial lining fluid (NELF) and peripheral blood samples were collected in ten subjects who had received CoronaVac and thirty-two subjects who had received Comirnaty. We quantified IgA and IgG specific to SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein by ELISA in NELF and plasma samples. The neutralization effect of these two sample types were evaluated by surrogate ACE-SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein ELISA. Only Comirnaty induced nasal SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein-specific (S1-specific) IgA and IgG responses, which were evident as early as on 14 days after the first dose. The NELF samples of 72% of subjects became IgA+IgG+, while in 62.5% of subjects the samples were neutralizing by 7 days after the second dose. In 45% of the subjects their NELF remained neutralizing 50 days after the booster of Comirnaty. In plasma, 91% and 100% Comirnaty subjects possessed S1-specific IgA+IgG+ on 14 days after the first dose and 7 days after booster, respectively. The plasma collected on 7 days after booster was 100% neutralizing. The induction of S1-specific antibody by CoronaVac was IgG dominant, and 70% of the subjects possessed S1-specific IgG by 7 days after booster and were all neutralizing. This study reveals that Comirnaty is able to induce S1-specific IgA and IgG response with neutralizing activity in the nasal mucosa in addition to a consistent systemic response. The clinical implications and the biological mechanism of an additional nasal immune response induced by vaccines such as Comirnaty warrant further investigation.

Development of species-specific IgM antibodies and elevation of mucosal immune response in Labeo rohita using recombinant bicistronic nano DNA vaccine priming

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Tasok Leya ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Rajendran Kooloth Valappil ◽  
Pani Prasad Kurcheti ◽  
Gayatri Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Species Specific

Assessment of Mucosal Immune Response in Genitourinary Tract Using Urine

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeyuki Kohno ◽  
Hiroko Tanaka ◽  
Kazuhito Watabe ◽  
Shinji Yamashita ◽  
Hitoshi Sezaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Genitourinary Tract
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