scholarly journals An Avirulent Strain of Soybean Mosaic Virus Reverses the Defensive Effect of Abscisic Acid in a Susceptible Soybean Cultivar

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Alazem ◽  
Kristin Widyasari ◽  
Kook-Hyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Rapid Induction

In soybean cultivar L29, the Rsv3 gene is responsible for extreme resistance (ER) against the soybean mosaic virus avirulent strain G5H, but is ineffective against the virulent strain G7H. Part of this ER is attributed to the rapid increase in abscisic acid (ABA) and callose, and to the rapid induction of several genes in the RNA-silencing pathway. Whether these two defense mechanisms are correlated or separated in the ER is unknown. Here, we found that ABA treatment of L29 plants increased the expression of several antiviral RNA-silencing genes as well as the PP2C3a gene, which was previously shown to increase callose accumulation; as a consequence, ABA increased the resistance of L29 plants to G7H. The effect of ABA treatment on these genes was weaker in the rsv3-null cultivar (Somyungkong) than in L29. Besides, G5H-infection of Somyungkong plants subverted the effect of ABA leading to reduced callose accumulation and decreased expression of several RNA-silencing genes, which resulted in increased susceptibility to G5H infection. ABA treatment, however, still induced some resistance to G7H in Somyungkong, but only AGO7b was significantly induced. Our data suggest that Rsv3 modulates the effect of ABA on these two resistance mechanisms, i.e., callose accumulation and the antiviral RNA-silencing pathway, and that in the absence of Rsv3, some strains can reverse the effect of ABA and thereby facilitate their replication and spread.

scholarly journals Elements Involved in the Rsv3-Mediated Extreme Resistance against an Avirulent Strain of Soybean Mosaic Virus

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Alazem ◽  
Kuan-Chieh Tseng ◽  
Wen-Chi Chang ◽  
Jang-Kyun Seo ◽  
Kook-Hyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Rna Pathways ◽  
Si Rna

Extreme resistance (ER) is a type of R-gene-mediated resistance that rapidly induces a symptomless resistance phenotype, which is different from the phenotypical R-resistance manifested by the programmed cell death, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and hypersensitive response. The Rsv3 gene in soybean cultivar L29 is responsible for ER against the avirulent strain G5H of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), but is ineffective against the virulent strain G7H. Rsv3-mediated ER is achieved through the rapid accumulation of callose, which arrests SMV-G5H at the point of infection. Callose accumulation, however, may not be the lone mechanism of this ER. Analyses of RNA-seq data obtained from infected soybean plants revealed a rapid induction of the abscisic acid pathway at 8 h post infection (hpi) in response to G5H but not to G7H, which resulted in the down-regulation of transcripts encoding β-1,3 glucanases that degrade callose in G5H-infected but not G7H-infected plants. In addition, parts of the autophagy and the small interfering (si) RNA pathways were temporally up-regulated at 24 hpi in response to G5H but not in response to G7H. The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway and many WRKY factors were clearly up-regulated only in G7H-infected plants. These results suggest that ER against SMV-G5H is achieved through the quick and temporary induction of ABA, autophagy, and the siRNA pathways, which rapidly eliminate G5H. The results also suggest that suppression of the JA pathway in the case of G5H is important for the Rsv3-mediated ER.

scholarly journals RNAi-mediated Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) resistance of a Korean Soybean cultivar

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Jeong Kim ◽  
Mi-Jin Kim ◽  
Jung Hun Pak ◽  
Hyun Hee Im ◽  
Dong Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Cultivar

Fine mapping of the Rsv1-h gene in the soybean cultivar Suweon 97 that confers resistance to two Chinese strains of the soybean mosaic virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 2227-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Fang Ma ◽  
Xiao-Yi Wu ◽  
Yun-Xia Chen ◽  
Ying-Na Liu ◽  
Zhu-Qing Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
H Gene

scholarly journals Identification and Distribution of Soybean mosaic virus Strains in Southern China

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Li ◽  
Q. H. Yang ◽  
H. J. Zhi ◽  
J. Y. Gai
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differential Cultivar ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Single Lesion

From 1,417 leaf samples with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-like symptoms collected from about 1,500 fields of 117 counties of 13 provinces in Southern China during 2004 to 2006, 201 SMV isolates were obtained after biological purification with single-lesion isolation and serological determination. Based on disease reactions on 10 differentials used in China as a representative from various reported differential cultivar systems, the isolates were grouped into 12 strains. Among them, eight were the same as those previously reported from Northeast China and the Huang-Huai Valleys while the other four were new and were designated as SC18, SC19, SC20, and SC21. Strains SC15 and SC18, which were predominant and widespread in Southern China, accounted for 32.3 and 26.4% of the total isolates and were distributed in 9 and 10 provinces, respectively. Thus far, 21 strains have been identified in the three soybean-producing regions in China under the uniform differentials system. According to their responses on the 10 differentials, the strains were clustered into five groups at similarity coefficient 0.6. Among them, SC15 in cluster V is the most virulent strain because it infects all differentials. Therefore, specific attention should be placed on control of its prevalence in soybean production.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based discovery of genes and networks related to RSC3Q-mediated resistance to Soybean mosaic virus in soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Yongqing Yang ◽  
Jinlong Yin ◽  
Yingchao Shen ◽  
Bowen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Resistance Response

Abstract Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a worldwide disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that can cause serious reduction in yield and seed quality. Soybean cv. Qihuang-1 is an important source of resistance to SMV in China, carrying a resistance gene (RSC3Q) against SMV strain SC3. In order to discover genes and networks regulated by RSC3Q-mediated resistance in Qihuang-1, we analysed transcriptome data of a pair of near-isogenic lines, R (RSC3Q) and S (rSC3Q), from the cross Qihuang-1 × Nannong 1138-2 (rSC3Q), after SC3 inoculation. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the R and S lines at 6, 20 and 48 h post-inoculation. Based on pathway-enrichment analysis of DEGs, three genes encoding calmodulin-like protein (Glyma03g28650, Glyma19g31395 and Glyma11g33790) with downregulated expression in the S line were identified in the plant–pathogen interaction pathway at 6 h post-inoculation. Analyses by quantitative real-time PCR were performed to verify that these three genes were not beneficial for SMV infection. Our results also revealed a complex plant-hormone signal network in RSC3Q-mediated resistance during the early stage of SMV infection. Expression of jasmonic acid repressor genes (TIFY/JAZ) and abscisic acid-induced genes (PP2C3a) was upregulated in the R line but not the S line. More DEGs related to indole-3-acetic acid were found in the R line than the S line, and no salicylic acid-related DEGs were identified. These results suggest that suppression of jasmonic acid or promotion of abscisic acid is important for RSC3Q-mediated resistance against SC3, and that salicylic acid may not act as a main regulator of RSC3Q-mediated resistance during early stages of SC3 infection. Growth and development were greatly affected through RSC3Q-mediated resistance responses after SC3 infection. Our understanding would be enhanced by identification of factors associated with RSC3Q that help to trigger the resistance response.

Sequence variability in the HC-Pro coding regions of Korean soybean mosaic virus isolates is associated with differences in RNA silencing suppression

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Jia Li ◽  
Jung-Kyu Kim ◽  
Eun-Young Seo ◽  
Seok Myeong Hong ◽  
Eui-Il Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sequence Variability ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Silencing Suppression ◽  
Virus Isolates
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