scholarly journals Highly Divergent Genetic Variants of Soricid-Borne Altai Virus (Hantaviridae) in Eurasia Suggest Ancient Host-Switching Events

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang ◽  
Gu ◽  
Yashina ◽  
Cook ◽  
Yanagihara
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Common Shrew ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
L Segment

With the recent discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) in shrews (order Eulipotyphla, family Soricidae), the once-conventional view that rodents (order Rodentia) served as the primordial reservoir hosts now appears improbable. The newly identified soricid-borne hantaviruses generally demonstrate well-resolved lineages organized according to host taxa and geographic origin. However, beginning in 2007, we detected sequences that did not conform to the prototypic hantaviruses associated with their soricid host species and/or geographic locations. That is, Eurasian common shrews (Sorex araneus), captured in Hungary and Russia, were found to harbor hantaviruses belonging to two separate and highly divergent lineages. We have since accumulated additional examples of these highly distinctive hantavirus sequences in the Laxmann’s shrew (Sorex caecutiens), flat-skulled shrew (Sorex roboratus) and Eurasian least shrew (Sorex minutissimus), captured at the same time and in the same location in the Sakha Republic in Far Eastern Russia. Pair-wise alignment and phylogenetic analysis of partial and full-length S-, M- and/or L-segment sequences indicate that a distinct hantavirus species related to Altai virus (ALTV), first reported in a Eurasian common shrew from Western Siberia, was being maintained in these closely related syntopic soricine shrew species. These findings suggest that genetic variants of ALTV might have resulted from ancient host-switching events with subsequent diversification within the Soricini tribe in Eurasia.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution and Phylogeny of Soricine Shrew-Borne Seewis Virus and Altai Virus in Russia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Liudmila N. Yashina ◽  
Sergey A. Abramov ◽  
Alexander V. Zhigalin ◽  
Natalia A. Smetannikova ◽  
Tamara A. Dupal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Common Shrew ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Eastern Russia

The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) in multiple species of shrews, moles and bats has revealed a complex evolutionary history involving cross-species transmission. Seewis virus (SWSV) is widely distributed throughout the geographic ranges of its soricid hosts, including the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), tundra shrew (Sorex tundrensis) and Siberian large-toothed shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), suggesting host sharing. In addition, genetic variants of SWSV, previously named Artybash virus (ARTV) and Amga virus, have been detected in the Laxmann’s shrew (Sorex caecutiens). Here, we describe the geographic distribution and phylogeny of SWSV and Altai virus (ALTV) in Asian Russia. The complete genomic sequence analysis showed that ALTV, also harbored by the Eurasian common shrew, is a new hantavirus species, distantly related to SWSV. Moreover, Lena River virus (LENV) appears to be a distinct hantavirus species, harbored by Laxmann’s shrews and flat-skulled shrews (Sorex roboratus) in Eastern Siberia and far-eastern Russia. Another ALTV-related virus, which is more closely related to Camp Ripley virus from the United States, has been identified in the Eurasian least shrew (Sorex minutissimus) from far-eastern Russia. Two highly divergent viruses, ALTV and SWSV co-circulate among common shrews in Western Siberia, while LENV and the ARTV variant of SWSV co-circulate among Laxmann’s shrews in Eastern Siberia and far-eastern Russia. ALTV and ALTV-related viruses appear to belong to the Mobatvirus genus, while SWSV is a member of the Orthohantavirus genus. These findings suggest that ALTV and ALTV-related hantaviruses might have emerged from ancient cross-species transmission with subsequent diversification within Sorex shrews in Eurasia.

Chapter 11: General epidemiology of TBE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) exists in natural foci, which are areas where TBEV is circulating among its vectors (ticks of different species and genera) and reservoir hosts (usually rodents and small mammals). Based on phylogenetic studies, four TBEV subtypes (Far-Eastern, Siberian, European, Baikalian) and two putative subtypes (Himalayan and “178-79” group) are known. Within each subtype, some genetic lineages are described. The European subtype (TBEV-EU) (formerly known also as the “Western subtype”) of TBEV is prevalent in Europe, but it was also isolated in Western and Eastern Siberia in Russia and South Korea. The Far-Eastern subtype (TBEV-FE) was preferably found in the territory of the far-eastern part of Eurasia, but some strains were isolated in other regions of Eurasia. The Siberian (TBEV-SIB) subtype is the most common and has been found in almost all TBEV habitat areas. The Baikalian subtype is prevalent around Lake Baikal and was isolated several times from ticks and rodents. In addition to the four TBEV subtypes, one single isolate of TBEV (178-79) and two genetic sequences (Himalayan) supposed to be new TBEV subtypes were described in Eastern Siberia and China. The data on TBEV seroprevalence in humans and animals can serve as an indication for the presence or absence of TBEV in studied area.

Continuous Improvement in Wellbore Position Accuracy: Ultra-Extended-Reach Drilling in Far Eastern Russia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Poedjono ◽  
Stefan Maus ◽  
Sheldon Rawlins ◽  
Nicholas Zachman ◽  
Adam Paul Row ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Position Accuracy ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
Extended Reach Drilling ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Eastern Russia

scholarly journals Major Patterns in the Neolithic Chronology of East Asia: Issues of the Origin of Pottery, Agriculture, and Civilization

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V Kuzmin ◽  
J A Timothy Jull ◽  
G S Burr
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Food Production ◽  
North China ◽  
State Level ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
Neolithic Agriculture ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Different Parts

General chronological frameworks created recently for the Neolithic complexes of China, Japan, Korea, and far eastern Russia allow us to reveal temporal patterns of Neolithization, origin of food production, and the emergence of civilizations. Pottery originated in East Asia, most probably independently in different parts of it, in the terminal Pleistocene, about 14,800–13,300 BP (uncalibrated), and this marks the beginning of the Neolithic. Agriculture in the eastern part of Asia emerged only in the Holocene. The earliest trace of millet cultivation in north China can now be placed at ∼9200 BP, and rice domestication in south China is dated to ∼8000 BP. Pottery in East Asia definitely preceded agriculture. The term “civilization,” which implies the presence of a state level of social organization and written language, has been misused by scholars who assert the existence of a very early “Yangtze River civilization” at about 6400–4200 cal BP. The earliest reliable evidence of writing in China is dated only to about 3900–3000 cal BP, and no “civilization” existed in East Asia prior to this time.

Are quasicrystals really so rare in the Universe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1125
Author(s):  
Luca Bindi ◽  
Vladimir E. Dmitrienko ◽  
Paul J. Steinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Milky Way ◽  
Solar Nebula ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Eastern Russia

Abstract Until 2009, the only known quasicrystals were synthetic, formed in the laboratory under highly controlled conditions. Conceivably, the only quasicrystals in the Milky Way, perhaps even in the Universe, were the ones fabricated by humans, or so it seemed. Then came the report that a quasicrystal with icosahedral symmetry had been discovered inside a rock recovered from a remote stream in far eastern Russia, and later that the rock proved to be an extraterrestrial, a piece of a rare CV3 carbonaceous chondrite meteorite (known as Khatyrka) that formed 4.5 billion years ago in the pre-solar nebula. At present, the only known examples of natural quasicrystals are from the Khatyrka meteorite. Does that mean that quasicrystals must be extremely rare in the Universe? In this speculative essay, we present several reasons why the answer might be no. In fact, quasicrystals may prove to be among the most ubiquitous minerals found in the Universe.

Allozyme variability in common shrew Sorex araneus of Western Siberia

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Zhigileva ◽  
Z. V. Sheykina ◽  
N. A. Malkova
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Common Shrew ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
Allozyme Variability ◽  
Common Shrew Sorex Araneus

HLA class I and class II of the Nivkhi, an indigenous population carrying HTLV-I in Sakhalin, Far Eastern Russia

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lou ◽  
H.-C. Li ◽  
M. Kuwayama ◽  
S. Yashiki ◽  
T. Fujiyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Eastern Russia
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