scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Dengue in Panama: 25 Years of Circulation

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Yamilka Díaz ◽  
María Chen-Germán ◽  
Evelia Quiroz ◽  
Jean-Paul Carrera ◽  
Julio Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autochthonous Transmission

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent arbovirus in terms of human public health importance globally. In addition to DENV epidemiological surveillance, genomic surveillance may help investigators understand the epidemiological dynamics, geographic distribution, and temporal patterns of DENV circulation. Herein, we aimed to reconstruct the molecular epidemiology and phylogeny of DENV in Panama to connect the epidemiological history of DENV dispersal and circulation in Latin America. We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological data obtained during 25 years of DENV surveillance in Panama. DENV was reintroduced in Panama in 1993 after a 35 year absence of autochthonous transmission. The increase in the number of total dengue cases has been accompanied by an increase in severe and fatal cases, with the highest case fatality rate recorded in 2011. All four serotypes were detected in Panama, which is characterized by serotype replacement and/or co-circulation of multiple serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of datasets collected from envelope (E) gene sequences obtained from viruses isolated from human sera demonstrated that circulating viruses were highly diverse and clustered in distinct clades, with co-circulation of clades from the same genotype. Our analyses also suggest that Panamanian strains were related to viruses from different regions of the Americas, suggesting a continuous exchange of viruses within the Americas.

scholarly journals COVID19-Tracker: A shiny app to perform comprehensive data visualisation for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio Tobías ◽  
Joan Valls ◽  
Pau Satorra ◽  
Cristian Tebé
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Shiny App

AbstractData visualization is an essential tool for exploring and communicating findings in medical research, especially in epidemiological surveillance. The COVID19-Tracker web application systematically produces daily updated data visualization and analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Spain. It collects automatically daily data on COVID-19 diagnosed cases, and mortality from February 24th, 2020 onwards. Several analyses have been developed to visualize data trends and estimating short-term projections; to estimate the case fatality rate; to assess the effect of the lockdown measures on the trends of incident data; to estimate infection time and the basic reproduction number; and to analyse the excess of mortality. The application may help for a better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic data in Spain.

scholarly journals Global Epidemiology of First 90 Days into COVID-19 Pandemic: Disease Incidence, Prevalence, Case Fatality Rate and Their Association with Population Density, Urbanisation and Elderly Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivam Gupta ◽  
Kamalesh Kumar Patel ◽  
Shobana Sivaraman ◽  
Abha Mangal
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
First 90 Days

As the COVID-19 pandemic marches exponentially, epidemiological data is of high importance to analyse the current situation and guide intervention strategies. This study analyses the epidemiological data of COVID-19 from 17 countries, representing 85 per cent of the total cases within first 90 days of lockdown in Wuhan, China. It follows a population-level observational study design and includes countries with 20,000 cases (or higher) as of 21 April 2020. We sourced the data for these 17 countries from worldometers. info, a digital platform being used by several media and reputed academic institutions worldwide. We calculated the prevalence, incidence, case fatality rate and trends in the epidemiology of COVID-19, and its correlation with population density, urbanisation and elderly population. The analysis represents 85 per cent ( N = 2,183,661) of all cases within the first 90 days of the pandemic. Across the analysed period, the burden of the pandemic primarily focused on high- and middle-income countries of Asia, Europe and North America. While the total number of cases and deaths are highest in USA, the prevalence, incidence and case fatality rates are higher in the European countries. The prevalence and incidence vary widely among countries included in the analysis, and the number of cases per million and the case fatality rate are correlated with the proportion of the elderly population and to a lesser extent with the proportion of the urban population.

Ten-Year Study of Pediatric Drownings and Near-Drownings in King County, Washington: Lessons in Injury Prevention

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1040
Author(s):  
Linda Quan ◽  
Edmond J. Gore ◽  
Kim Wentz ◽  
Jill Allen ◽  
Alvin H. Novack
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
King County ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Older Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water Sports ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

The factors associated with submersion events among <20-year-old persons that occurred in King County from 1974 to 1983 were studied to focus prevention efforts. Near-drowning (n = 103) and drowning (n = 96) victims were identified from medical examiners' reports, paramedics' reports, and hospital discharge registers. Annual incidence was 5.5; the mortality rate was 2.6 per 100,000 children. Although preschool-aged children had the largest incidence (12.8), followed by older adolescents (4.9), adolescents had the largest case fatality rate, 77%. Lake and river victims had the largest incidence, mortality, and case fatality rate; swimming pools, the smallest case fatality rate (25%). A total of 89% of all victims had absent or no supervision; victims supervised by lifeguards had a 42% case fatality rate. Prior seizures were part of the history of 7.5% of all victims; 25% of fatal submersions by adolescents were associated with alcohol. Bathtub submersions were associated with child abuse in three of 16 preschool-aged children and epilepsy in four of five older children. Certain age groups and sites combined had the greatest incidence: preschool-aged children in swimming pools, infants in bathtubs, teenagers in lakes and rivers. Incidence decreased in public and semipublic pools coincident with fencing regulations. These findings suggest prevention strategies: extending fencing requirements to private pools, discouraging alcohol consumption during water sports, changing bathing practices of epileptics, and improving lifeguard efficacy.

scholarly journals Infection pattern, case fatality rate and spread of Lassa virus in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Ameh Yaro ◽  
Ezekiel Kogi ◽  
Kenneth Nnamdi Opara ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Roua S. Baty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Infection Pattern

Abstract Background Lassa fever (LF) is a zoonotic infectious disease of public concern in Nigeria. The infection dynamics of the disease is not well elucidated in Nigeria. This study was carried out to describe the pattern of infection, case fatality rate and spread of lassa virus (LASV) from 2017 to 2020. Methods Weekly epidemiological data on LF from December, 2016 to September, 2020 were obtained from Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. The number of confirmed cases and deaths were computed according to months and states. Descriptive statistics was performed and case fatality rate was calculated. Distribution and spread maps of LF over the four years period was performed on ArcMap 10.7. Results A total of 2787 confirmed cases and 516 deaths were reported in Nigeria from December, 2016 to September, 2020. Increase in number of cases and deaths were observed with 298, 528, 796 and 1165 confirmed cases and 79, 125, 158 and 158 deaths in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. Over 60% of the cases were reported in two states, Edo and Ondo states. The LF cases spread from 19 states in 2017 to 32 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in 2020. Ondo state (25.39%) had the highest of deaths rate from LF over the four years. Case fatality rate (CFR) of LF was highest in 2017 (26.5%) with CFR of 23.7, 19.6 and 13.4% in 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. The peak of infection was in the month of February for the four years. Infections increases at the onset of dry season in November and decline till April when the wet season sets-in. Conclusion There is an annual increase in the number of LASV infection across the states in Nigeria. There is need to heighten control strategies through the use of integrated approach, ranging from vector control, health education and early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Study of an epidemiological profile of confirmed COVID-19 positive persons in district Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmeet Kaur ◽  
Kiran Bala ◽  
Shalli .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Travel History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Background: India recorded its first COVID-19 case on 30 January 2020. Though the early, extended nationwide lockdown of the country was implemented effectively, this alone was not sufficient to defeat the COVID-19 disease. Realizing the importance of the need to generate local epidemiological data through robust studies, this study was undertaken in a district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir. The aim was to study the epidemiological profile of patients tested positive in district Kathua.Methods: Retrospective observational study was done to find the spatial distribution of corona virus infection in the five blocks in district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir. Data from the integrated disease surveillance project (IDSP) unit of district Kathua was screened and the epidemiological information from all the positive reports which included the total number of COVID-19 positive cases, address, travel history, contact history were extracted for the period of five months April 2020 to August 2020.Results: 929 patients were found positive for COVID-19. Male outnumbered the females.  More than 58.8% of males were of age group 21-40 years and the least number of positive male cases were seen in the age group >80 years. In our study 627 (67%) had a history of travel, 202 (21%) had a history of contact with a positive patient, 100 (10%) were positive with no history of travel or contact.Conclusions: Kathua block of the district was maximally affected having the 58.7% largest number of COVID-19 positive cases with cure rate of 92.46% and case fatality rate of 0.5% was observed.

scholarly journals Another vision of the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico during 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sergio Isaac De La Cruz Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
High Positivity Rate

Abstract The number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths registered in Mexico during 2020 could be underestimated, due to the sentinel surveillance adopted in this country. Some consequences of following this type of epidemiological surveillance were the high case fatality rate and the high positivity rate for COVID-19 shown in Mexico in 2020. During this year, the Mexican Ministry of Health only considered cases from the public health system, which followed this sentinel surveillance, but did not consider those cases from the private health system. To better understand this pandemic, it is important to include all the results obtained by all the institutions capable of testing for COVID-19, thus the Mexican Government could make good decisions to protect the population from this disease.

scholarly journals Suicide in French Polynesia: a retrospective analysis based on medicolegal documents and interview with family

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052110034
Author(s):  
Stephane Amadéo ◽  
Moerani Rereao ◽  
Germaine Vanquin David ◽  
NgocLam Nguyen ◽  
Monique Séguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Overseas Territories ◽  
Overseas Territories

Objective To analyse the epidemiological data on suicide in French Polynesia (FP). Methods Data on suicides were collected from the Public Health Direction, Judicial Police Investigations Court of Justice records, the Centre d’Opérations et de Renseignements de la Gendarmerie, patient records for those hospitalized in psychiatry and from psychological autopsies. Results The dataset consisted of 316 suicide cases in FP over 25 years (1992–2016). In FP, suicide was more frequent in men (sex ratio 3.2:1), young people (mean age, 34.4 years) and individuals with previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders (100 of 316; 31.6%) The most common method of suicide was hanging (276 of 316; 87.3%). A history of previous suicide attempts was found in 25 of 56 (44.6%) of suicide cases, when documented. The most common potential triggering factors for suicide were emotional problems. The suicide rates have remained stable during 1992–2016 (mean 10.6/100 000 inhabitants per year), with periods of economic crises increasing suicide rates. Conclusions These results provide valuable information to enable the effective targeting of suicide prevention strategies toward those at high risk. Economic crises had larger impacts in the French overseas territories than mainland France. Given the unprecedented economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in FP, there is an urgent need to implement suicide epidemiological surveillance and prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Social Isolation and Loneliness of Older Adults in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Use of Online Social Media Sites and Video Chats Assist in Mitigating Social Isolation and Loneliness?

Gerontology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Video Calling

The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global burden. Epidemiological data suggest that the severity of COVID-19, in particular its case fatality rate, rises strongly with age. It is possible that neither a vaccine nor an effective treatment will be available for >1 year. Thus, it may be necessary for older adults to protect themselves by avoiding direct social contact and practicing social distancing for a rather long period of time. This may result in loneliness and social isolation because, for example, grandchildren cannot visit their grandparents. In turn, both loneliness and social isolation can have serious deleterious consequences (e.g., in terms of morbidity and mortality). Thus, the question arises: are there ways to mitigate loneliness and social isolation? One way to stay in contact is to use online social media such as Facebook or using video calling software such as Skype. However, there are very few studies examining whether the use of online social media or video chats are associated with loneliness and social isolation in older adults. We sum up some preliminary findings and make a call for further research on the link between online social media use/video chat and loneliness, as well as social isolation, in older adults.

scholarly journals Clinical factors adversely affecting early outcome after brain infarction

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles André ◽  
Sérgio A. P. Novis
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Babinski Sign ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
History Of

PURPOSE AND METHODS: One-hundred-and-nine consecutive patients admitted during the acute phase of a CT-confirmed brain infarction (BI) were studied. Putative adverse influence of demographic and stroke risk factors, previous medical history, clinical presentation, initial and follow-up neurological examination, initial general evaluation, laboratory findings, chest X-ray and electrocardiographic findings, treatment, and topography and etiology of the ischemic insult was analysed. The end-point for assessment was early death (within 30 days). Statistical analysis was performed with univariate analysis and multiple regression. RESULTS: The main adverse factors related to an increased death risk during the first 30 days were, in decreasing order of importance: coma 48-72 hours after admission; stroke occuring in already hospitalized patients; Babinski sign on admission; minor degrees of impairment of consciousness 48-72 hours after admission; stroke related to large artery atherothrombosis and to embolism; a history of early impairment of consciousness; cardiac failure on admission. In 53 lucid patients on admission, only a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) was associated with a reduced survival rate. In 56 patients with impaired consciousness, the presence of a Babinski sign increased death risk, but the main factor predicting a high case-fatality rate was the persistence of consciousness disturbances after48-72 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of impairment of consciousness, especially coma, 2-3 days after disease onset, and a history of CHF greatly increase the early case fatality rate in patients with acute BI presenting with or without consciousness disturbances at admission, respectively. The use of a prognostic algorythm considering these few variables seems to predict the approximate 30-day fatality rates.

scholarly journals Blastomycosis in Northwestern Ontario, 2004 to 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dalcin ◽  
Syed Zaki Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Canadian Studies ◽  
History Of

Blastomycosis is an invasive fungal disease caused byBlastomyces dermatitidisand the recently discoveredBlastomyces gilchristii. The medical charts of 64 patients with confirmed cases of blastomycosis in northwestern Ontario during a 10-year period (2004 to 2014) were retrospectively reviewed. The number of patients diagnosed with blastomycosis in Ontario was observed to have increased substantially compared with before 1990, when blastomycosis was removed from the list of reportable diseases. Aboriginals were observed to be disproportionately represented in the patient population. Of the patients whose smoking status was known, 71.4% had a history of smoking. 59.4% of patients had underlying comorbidities and a higher comorbidity rate was observed among Aboriginal patients. The case-fatality rate from direct complications of blastomycosis disease was calculated to be 20.3%; this case-fatality rate is the highest ever to be reported in Canada and more than double that of previously published Canadian studies. The clinical characteristics of 64 patients diagnosed with blastomycosis are summarized.

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