scholarly journals Evidence of Intragenic Recombination in African Horse Sickness Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Ngoveni ◽  
Antoinette van Schalkwyk ◽  
J.J. Otto Koekemoer
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Intragenic Recombination ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Attenuated Viruses

Intragenic recombination has been described in various RNA viruses as a mechanism to increase genetic diversity, resulting in increased virulence, expanded host range, or adaptability to a changing environment. Orbiviruses are no exception to this, with intragenic recombination previously detected in the type species, bluetongue virus (BTV). African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Oribivirus genus in the family Reoviridae. Genetic recombination through reassortment has been described in AHSV, but not through homologous intragenic recombination. The influence of the latter on the evolution of AHSV was investigated by analyzing the complete genomes of more than 100 viruses to identify evidence of recombination. Segment-1, segment-6, segment-7, and segment-10 showed evidence of intragenic recombination, yet only one (Segment-10) of these events was manifested in subsequent lineages. The other three hybrid segments were as a result of recombination between field isolates and the vaccine derived live attenuated viruses (ALVs).

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Fusarium graminearum Double-Stranded RNA Virus in a Newly Proposed Family, Alternaviridae

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao He ◽  
Xiaoguang Chen ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Dewen Qiu ◽  
Lihua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT We describe here a double-stranded RNA mycovirus, termed Fusarium graminearum alternavirus 1 (FgAV1/AH11), from the isolate AH11 of the phytopathogenic fungus F. graminearum . Phylogenetic analysis showed that FgAV1/AH11 belongs to a newly proposed family, Alternaviridae . This is the first report of a mycovirus in the family Alternaviridae that infects F. graminearum .

scholarly journals Immune Response to Rotavirus and Gluten Sensitivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Puccetti ◽  
Daniele Saverino ◽  
Roberta Opri ◽  
Oretta Gabrielli ◽  
Giovanna Zanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Gene Array ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family

Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family of Reoviridae. The virus is transmitted by the faecal-oral route and infects intestinal cells causing gastroenteritis. Rotaviruses are the main cause of severe acute diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age worldwide. In our previous work we have shown a link between rotavirus infection and celiac disease. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is emerging as new clinical entity lacking specific diagnostic biomarkers which has been reported to occur in 6–10% of the population. Clinical manifestations include gastrointestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms which recede with gluten withdrawal. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown. Aim of this work is to clarify some aspects of its pathogenesis using a gene array approach. Our results suggest that NCGS may have an autoimmune origin. This is based both on gene expression data (i.e., TH17-interferon signatures) and on the presence of TH17 cells and of serological markers of autoimmunity in NCGS. Our results also indicate a possible involvement of rotavirus infection in the pathogenesis of nonceliac gluten sensitivity similarly to what we have previously shown in celiac disease.

scholarly journals Association of RNA Polymerase Complexes of the Parasitic Protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum with Virus-Like Particles: Heterogeneous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (13) ◽  
pp. 5788-5795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai V. Khramtsov ◽  
Steve J. Upton
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Parasitic Protozoan ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rna Polymerase Activity

ABSTRACT RNA polymerase complexes were purified from Cryptosporidium parvum, a parasitic protozoan known to infect many species of mammals including humans. Western blot analysis revealed the association of the complexes with two different proteins, encoded by large and small segments of viral double-stranded RNAs. Each complex was found to contain only double-stranded RNA, both double- and single-stranded RNA, or only single-stranded RNA. Maximum RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity was observed within the complexes containing both double- and single-stranded RNAs. These complexes possessed both transcriptase and replicase polymerase activities. Virus-like particles with a diameter of 31 nm were copurified with RNA polymerase complexes, and buoyant density and polymerase studies suggest that C. parvum harbors a putative double-stranded RNA virus which separately encapsidates the large and small RNA segments. The mechanism of replication and other characteristics of this virus are similar to those of the viruses of the family Partitiviridae, previously identified only in fungi and plants.

scholarly journals A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae Is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and Is Deleterious to a New Host

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Carolina Cornejo ◽  
Sakae Hisano ◽  
Helena Bragança ◽  
Nobuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Daniel Rigling
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
New Host ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Segmented Genome

Cryphonectria is a fungal genus associated with economically significant disease of trees. Herein we characterized a novel double-stranded RNA virus from the fungal species Cryphonectria naterciae, a species unexplored as a virus host. De novo assembly of RNA-seq data and Sanger sequencing of RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) clones gave the complete, non-segmented genome (10,164 bp) of the virus termed Cryphonectria naterciae fusagravirus (CnFGV1) that was phylogenetically placed within the previously proposed viral family Fusagraviridae. Of 31 field-collected strains of C. naterciae, 40% tested CnFGV1-positive. Cocultivation resulted in within-species transmission of CnFGV1 to virus-free strains of C. naterciae. Comparison of the mycelium phenotype and the growth rate of CnFGV1-infected and virus-free isogenic strains revealed frequent sectoring and growth reduction in C. naterciae upon virus infection. Co-culturing also led to cross-species transmission of CnFGV1 to Cryphonectria carpinicola and Cryphonectria radicalis, but not to Cryphonectria parasitica. The virus-infected C. naterciae and the experimentally infected Cryphonectria spp. readily transmitted CnFGV1 through asexual spores to the next generation. CnFGV1 strongly reduced conidiation and in some cases vegetative growth of C. carpinicola, which is involved in the European hornbeam disease. This study is the first report of a fusagravirus in the family Cryphonectriaceae and lays the groundwork for assessing a hypovirulence effect of CnFGV1 against the hornbeam decline in Europe.

scholarly journals The nucleic acid of African horse sickness virus

1966 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mirchamsy ◽  
H. Taslimi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Monkey Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus

The effect of actinomycin D on the growth of African horse sickness virus in monkey kidney cells was studied. It was found that actinomycin D inhibited the yield of virus. It is suggested that African horse sickness virus is either a DNA containing virus or an RNA virus whose replication is DNA-dependent.

scholarly journals A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and is Deleterious to a New Host

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cornejo ◽  
Sakae Hisano ◽  
Helena Bragança ◽  
Nobuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Daniel Rigling
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
New Host ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Segmented Genome

Cryphonectria is a fungal genus associated with economically significant disease of trees. Herein we characterized a novel double-stranded RNA virus from the fungal species Cryphonectria naterciae, a species unexplored as a virus host. De novo assembly of RNA-seq data and Sanger sequencing of RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) clones gave the complete, non-segmented genome (10,164 bp) of the virus termed Cryphonectria naterciae fusagravirus (CnFGV1) that was phylogenetically placed within the previously proposed viral family Fusagraviridae. Of 31 field-collected strains of C. naterciae, 40% tested CnFGV1-positive. Co-cultivation resulted in within-species transmission of CnFGV1 to virus-free strains of C. naterciae. Comparison of the mycelium phenotype and the growth rate of CnFGV1-infected and virus-free isogenic strains revealed frequent sectoring and growth reduction in C. naterciae. Co-culturing also led to cross-species transmission of CnFGV1 to Cryphonectria carpinicola and Cryphonectria radicalis, but not to Cryphonectria parasitica. The virus-infected C. naterciae and the experimentally infected Cryphonectria spp. readily transmitted CnFGV1 through asexual spores to the next generation. CnFGV1 strongly reduced conidiation and in some cases vegetative growth of C. carpinicola, which is involved in the European hornbeam disease. This study is the first report of a fusagravirus in the family Cryphonectriaceae and lays the groundwork for assessing a hypovirulence effect of CnFGV1 against the hornbeam decline in Europe.

scholarly journals Purified Recombinant Bluetongue Virus VP1 Exhibits RNA Replicase Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 3994-4002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Boyce ◽  
Josa Wehrfritz ◽  
Rob Noad ◽  
Polly Roy
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Capping Enzyme ◽  
Dsrna Viruses

ABSTRACT The polymerase protein of all known double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses is located within a complex subviral core particle that is responsible for transcription of the viral genome. For members of the family Reoviridae, this particle allows messenger sense RNA synthesis while sequestering the viral genome away from cellular dsRNA surveillance systems during infection of eukaryotic cells. The core particle of bluetongue virus (BTV) consists of the major structural proteins VP3 and VP7 and the minor enzymatic proteins VP1 (polymerase), VP4 (capping enzyme), and VP6 (helicase). In this report we have characterized fully processive dsRNA synthesis by VP1 from a viral plus-strand RNA template in the absence of the other proteins of the BTV core. This replicase activity consists of de novo initiation of synthesis, followed by elongation of the minus strand. Purified VP1 exhibits little sequence specificity for BTV plus-strand template, suggesting that the choice of viral over nonviral RNA template comes from its association with other proteins within the viral core.

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