scholarly journals Modulation of Innate Immune Signaling Pathways by Herpesviruses

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qizhi Liu ◽  
Youliang Rao ◽  
Mao Tian ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Pinghui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Stat Pathway

Herpesviruses can be detected by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which then activate downstream adaptors, kinases and transcription factors (TFs) to induce the expression of interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. IFNs further activate the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These signaling events constitute host innate immunity to defeat herpesvirus infection and replication. A hallmark of all herpesviruses is their ability to establish persistent infection in the presence of active immune response. To achieve this, herpesviruses have evolved multiple strategies to suppress or exploit host innate immune signaling pathways to facilitate their infection. This review summarizes the key host innate immune components and their regulation by herpesviruses during infection. Also we highlight unanswered questions and research gaps for future perspectives.

scholarly journals Essential role of HCMV deubiquitinase in promoting oncogenesis by targeting anti-viral innate immune signaling pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e3078-e3078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puja Kumari ◽  
Irene Saha ◽  
Athira Narayanan ◽  
Sathish Narayanan ◽  
Akinori Takaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling

scholarly journals How to rewire the host cell: A home improvement guide for intracellular bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (12) ◽  
pp. 3931-3948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Cornejo ◽  
Philipp Schlaermann ◽  
Shaeri Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response

Intracellular bacterial pathogens have developed versatile strategies to generate niches inside the eukaryotic cells that allow them to survive and proliferate. Making a home inside the host offers many advantages; however, intracellular bacteria must also overcome many challenges, such as disarming innate immune signaling and accessing host nutrient supplies. Gaining entry into the cell and avoiding degradation is only the beginning of a successful intracellular lifestyle. To establish these replicative niches, intracellular pathogens secrete various virulence proteins, called effectors, to manipulate host cell signaling pathways and subvert host defense mechanisms. Many effectors mimic host enzymes, whereas others perform entirely novel enzymatic functions. A large volume of work has been done to understand how intracellular bacteria manipulate membrane trafficking pathways. In this review, we focus on how intracellular bacterial pathogens target innate immune signaling, the unfolded protein response, autophagy, and cellular metabolism and exploit these pathways to their advantage. We also discuss how bacterial pathogens can alter host gene expression by directly modifying histones or hijacking the ubiquitination machinery to take control of several host signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Post-translational Control of Innate Immune Signaling Pathways by Herpesviruses

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Carriere ◽  
Youliang Rao ◽  
Qizhi Liu ◽  
Xiaoxi Lin ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling

scholarly journals Gp130-Dependent Release of Acute Phase Proteins Is Linked to the Activation of Innate Immune Signaling Pathways

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e19427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Luchtefeld ◽  
Christoph Preuss ◽  
Frank Rühle ◽  
Eskindir P. Bogalle ◽  
Anika Sietmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling
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