scholarly journals Genistein Has Antiviral Activity against Herpes B Virus and Acts Synergistically with Antiviral Treatments to Reduce Effective Dose

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C. LeCher ◽  
Nga Diep ◽  
Peter W. Krug ◽  
Julia K. Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Herpes B Virus

Herpes B virus is a deadly zoonotic agent that can be transmitted to humans from the macaque monkey, an animal widely used in biomedical research. Currently, there is no cure for human B virus infection and treatments require a life-long daily regimen of antivirals, namely acyclovir and ganciclovir. Long-term antiviral treatments have been associated with significant debilitating side effects, thus, there is an ongoing search for alternative efficacious antiviral treatment. In this study, the antiviral activity of genistein was quantified against B virus in a primary cell culture model system. Genistein prevented plaque formation of B virus and reduced virus production with an IC50 value of 33 and 46 μM for human and macaque fibroblasts, respectively. Genistein did not interfere directly with viral entry, but instead targeted an event post-viral replication. Finally, we showed that genistein could be used at its IC50 concentration in conjunction with both acyclovir and ganciclovir to reduce their effective dose against B virus with a 93% and 99% reduction in IC50 values, respectively. The results presented here illuminate the therapeutic potential of genistein as an effective antiviral agent against B virus when used alone or in combination with current antiviral therapies.

scholarly journals Cepharanthine: a review of the antiviral potential of a Japanese-approved alopecia drug in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1509-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Rogosnitzky ◽  
Paul Okediji ◽  
Igor Koman
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
No Production ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Naturally Occurring

AbstractCepharanthine (CEP) is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from Stephania cepharantha Hayata and demonstrated to have unique anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulating, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. Its therapeutic potential as an antiviral agent has never been more important than in combating COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Cepharanthine suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO) production, cytokine production, and expression of cyclooxygenase; all of which are crucial to viral replication and inflammatory response. Against SARS-CoV-2 and homologous viruses, CEP predominantly inhibits viral entry and replication at low doses; and was recently identified as the most potent coronavirus inhibitor among 2406 clinically approved drug repurposing candidates in a preclinical model. This review critically analyzes and consolidates available evidence establishing CEP’s potential therapeutic importance as a drug of choice in managing COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Rebound of Hepatitis B Virus Replication in HepG2 Cells after Cessation of Antiviral Treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 8148-8160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman M. Abdelhamed ◽  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Thomas G. Miller ◽  
Phillip A. Furman ◽  
Harriet C. Isom
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Baculovirus ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT Treatment of patients with lamivudine (3TC) results in loss of detectable levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA from serum; however, the relapse rate, with regard to both reappearance of virus in the bloodstream and hepatic inflammation, is high when therapy is terminated. Although the rebound observed in patients has also been seen in animal hepadnavirus models, rebound has not been analyzed in an in vitro cell culture system. In this study, we used the HBV recombinant baculovirus/HepG2 system to measure the time course of antiviral agent-mediated loss of HBV replication as well as the time course and magnitude of HBV production after release from antiviral treatment. Because of the sensitivity of the system, it was possible to measure secreted virions, intracellular replicative intermediates, and nuclear non-protein-bound HBV DNA and separately analyze individual species of DNA, such as single-stranded HBV DNA compared to the double-stranded form and relaxed circular compared to covalently closed circular HBV DNA. We first determined that HBV replication in the HBV recombinant baculovirus/HepG2 system could proceed for at least 35 days, with a 30-day plateau level of replication, making it possible to study antiviral agent-mediated loss of HBV followed by rebound after cessation of drug treatment. All HBV DNA species decreased in a time-dependent fashion following antiviral treatment, but the magnitude of decline differed for each HBV DNA species, with the covalently closed circular form of HBV DNA being the most resistant to drug therapy. When drug treatment ceased, HBV DNA species reappeared with a pattern that recapitulated the initiation of replication, but with a different time course.

scholarly journals Cepharanthine: A review of the antiviral potential of a Japanese-approved alopecia drug in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Rogosnitzky ◽  
Paul Toluwatope Okediji ◽  
Igor Koman
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
No Production ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Cepharanthine (CEP) is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from Stephania cepharantha Hayata and demonstrated to have unique anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulating, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. Its therapeutic potential as an antiviral agent has never been more important in combating COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and resulting so far in over four million cases since its onset. Cepharanthine suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO) production, cytokine production, and expression of cyclooxygenase; all of which are crucial to viral replication and inflammatory response. Against SARS-CoV-2 and homologous viruses, CEP predominantly inhibits viral entry and replication at low doses; and was recently identified as the most potent coronavirus inhibitor among 2,406 clinically approved drug repurposing candidates in a preclinical model. This review critically analyzes and consolidates available evidence establishing CEP’s potential therapeutic importance as a drug of choice in managing COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Binase against the Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus

Acta Naturae ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shah Mahmud ◽  
O. N. Ilinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Human Lung Cells ◽  
Viral Hemagglutinin ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

The lack of effective antiviral drugs restricts the control of the dangerous RNA-containing influenza A (H1N1) virus. Extracellular ribonuclease of Bacilli (binase) was shown to manifest antiviral activity during single- and multi-cycle viral replication in the range of concentrations non-toxic to epithelial cells and 0.01-0.1 multiplicity of infection. During antiviral treatment for 15-30 min, the concentration of 1 g/ml binase reduced the amount of focus-forming units of viruses by a factor of 3-10 and suppressed the virus-induced cytopathic effect in A549 human lung cells. The possible mechanisms of interaction between the virus and enzyme are discussed. Positive charges in both binase and viral hemagglutinin cause electrostatic interaction with negatively charged sialic acid on the host cells surface followed by its penetration into the cell. Capsid elimination and release of viral RNA from endosome to the cytoplasm allows catalytic RNA cleavage by internalized binase. The data obtained confirm that binase is an effective antiviral agent against the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Certain progress in this field is associated with clarifying the detailed mechanism underlying the antiviral action of binase and development of the most effective way for its practical use.

scholarly journals Antiviral activity of lambda-carrageenan against influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yejin Jang ◽  
Heegwon Shin ◽  
Myoung Kyu Lee ◽  
Oh Seung Kwon ◽  
Jin Soo Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Viral Attachment

AbstractInfluenza virus and coronavirus, belonging to enveloped RNA viruses, are major causes of human respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the broad spectrum antiviral activity of a naturally existing sulfated polysaccharide, lambda-carrageenan (λ-CGN), purified from marine red algae. Cell culture-based assays revealed that the macromolecule efficiently inhibited both influenza A and B viruses with EC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 1.4 μg/ml, as well as currently circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with an EC50 value of 0.9 ± 1.1 μg/ml. No toxicity to the host cells was observed at concentrations up to 300 μg/ml. Plaque titration and western blot analysis verified that λ-CGN reduced expression of viral proteins in cell lysates and suppressed progeny virus production in culture supernatants in a dose-dependent manner. This polyanionic compound exerts antiviral activity by targeting viral attachment to cell surface receptors and preventing virus entry. Moreover, its intranasal administration to mice during influenza A viral challenge not only alleviated infection-mediated reductions in body weight but also protected 60% of mice from virus-induced mortality. Thus, λ-CGN could be a promising antiviral agent for preventing infection with several respiratory viruses.

scholarly journals The Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid—Dynamic Compartment for Infectious Virus Production and New Antiviral Target

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Matthias Niklasch ◽  
Peter Zimmermann ◽  
Michael Nassal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Capsid Shell ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Stable Genome

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small enveloped DNA virus which replicates its tiny 3.2 kb genome by reverse transcription inside an icosahedral nucleocapsid, formed by a single ~180 amino acid capsid, or core, protein (Cp). HBV causes chronic hepatitis B (CHB), a severe liver disease responsible for nearly a million deaths each year. Most of HBV’s only seven primary gene products are multifunctional. Though less obvious than for the multi-domain polymerase, P protein, this is equally crucial for Cp with its multiple roles in the viral life-cycle. Cp provides a stable genome container during extracellular phases, allows for directed intracellular genome transport and timely release from the capsid, and subsequent assembly of new nucleocapsids around P protein and the pregenomic (pg) RNA, forming a distinct compartment for reverse transcription. These opposing features are enabled by dynamic post-transcriptional modifications of Cp which result in dynamic structural alterations. Their perturbation by capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) is a promising new antiviral concept. CAMs inappropriately accelerate assembly and/or distort the capsid shell. We summarize the functional, biochemical, and structural dynamics of Cp, and discuss the therapeutic potential of CAMs based on clinical data. Presently, CAMs appear as a valuable addition but not a substitute for existing therapies. However, as part of rational combination therapies CAMs may bring the ambitious goal of a cure for CHB closer to reality.

Towards an Effective Chemotherapy of Virus Infections: Therapeutic Potential of Cidofovir [(S)-1-[3-Hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine, HPMPC] for the Treatment of DNA Virus Infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Molluscum Contagiosum ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Laryngeal Papillomatosis ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type

The acyclic nucleoside phosphonate HPMPC [(S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine, cidofovir, Vistide®] has a unique profile among the antiviral agents in that it is active against a much broader spectrum of DNA viruses than any other antiviral agent, and, furthermore, shows a long-lasting antiviral activity, thus enabling infrequent dosing (for intravenous administration, as infrequent as once a week or every other week). HPMPC owes its antiviral activity to a selective inhibitory effect on viral DNA synthesis: as has been demonstrated for human cytomegalovirus (CMV), HPMPC leads to DNA chain termination following the incorporation of two consecutive HPMPC residues. The activity spectrum of HPMPC encompasses herpes-, adeno-, polyoma-, papilloma-, and poxviruses. It has been approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients and has proved effective in the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections (particularly those that are resistant to acyclovir), human papilloma virus (HPV) infections (e.g. anogenital warts and recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis) and poxvirus infections (e.g. molluscum contagiosum). It is now further explored for its therapeutic potential in the treatment of HSV, CMV and HPV infections, and various other DNA virus infections, including adenovirus infections (e.g. keratoconjunctivitis), polyomavirus infections such as PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), poxvirus infections (e.g. molluscum contagiosum), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated infections, and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8)-associated infections (e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma).

From Ocean to Bedside: the Therapeutic Potential of Molluscan Hemocyanins

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 2292-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Talaei Zanjani ◽  
Monica Miranda Saksena ◽  
Fariba Dehghani ◽  
Anthony L. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

Hemocyanins are large and versatile glycoproteins performing various immunological and biological functions in many marine invertebrates including arthropods and molluscs. This review discusses the various pharmacological applications of mollusc hemocyanin such as antiviral activity, immunostimulatory and anticancer properties that have been reported in the literature between the years 2000 and 2016. Emphasis is placed on a better mechanistic understanding of hemocyanin as a therapeutic agent. Elucidation of the mechanism of action is essential to improve the clinical efficacy and for a better understanding of some endogenous immunological functions of this complex glycoprotein.

scholarly journals Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiorino ◽  
L. Bacchi-Reggiani ◽  
S. Sabbatani ◽  
F. Grizzi ◽  
L. di Tommaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document