scholarly journals A Long Non-Coding RNA of Citrus tristeza virus: Role in the Virus Interplay with the Host Immunity

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hwan Kang ◽  
Yong-Duo Sun ◽  
Osama O. Atallah ◽  
Jose Carlos Huguet-Tapia ◽  
Jerald D. Noble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

During infection, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) produces a non-coding subgenomic RNA referred to as low-molecular-weight tristeza 1 (LMT1), which for a long time has been considered as a by-product of the complex CTV replication machinery. In this study, we investigated the role of LMT1 in the virus infection cycle using a CTV variant that does not produce LMT1 (CTV-LMT1d). We showed that lack of LMT1 did not halt virus ability to replicate or form proper virions. However, the mutant virus demonstrated significantly reduced invasiveness and systemic spread in Nicotiana benthamiana as well as an inability to establish infection in citrus. Introduction of CTV-LMT1d into the herbaceous host resulted in elevation of the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and SA-responsive pathogenesis-related genes beyond those upon inoculation with wild-type (WT) virus (CTV-WT). Further analysis showed that the LMT1 RNA produced by CTV-WT or via ectopic expression in the N. benthamiana leaves suppressed SA accumulation and up-regulated an alternative oxidase gene, which appeared to mitigate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant viral long non-coding RNA being involved in counter-acting host response by subverting the SA-mediated plant defense.

scholarly journals The Intriguing Conundrum of a Nonconserved Multifunctional Protein of Citrus Tristeza Virus That Interacts with a Viral Long Non-Coding RNA

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Sung-Hwan Kang ◽  
Vicken Aknadibossian ◽  
Laxmi Kharel ◽  
Shachinthaka D. Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), the largest non-segmented plant RNA virus, has several peculiar features, among which is the production of a 5′-terminal long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) termed low-molecular-weight tristeza 1 (LMT1). In this study, we found that p33, a unique viral protein that performs multiple functions in the virus infection cycle, specifically binds LMT1, both in vivo and in vitro. These results were obtained through the expression of p33 under the context of the wild type virus infection or along with a mutant CTV variant that does not produce LMT1 as well as via ectopic co-expression of p33 with LMT1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves followed by RNA immunoprecipitation and rapid amplification of cDNA ends assays. Further experiments in which a recombinant p33 protein and an in vitro transcribed full-length LMT1 RNA or its truncated fragments were subjected to an electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that p33 binds to at least two distinct regions within LMT1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant virus protein binding to a lncRNA produced by the same virus. The biological significance of the interaction between these two viral factors is discussed.

scholarly journals Ectopic expression of the p23 silencing suppressor of Citrus tristeza virus differentially modifies viral accumulation and tropism in two transgenic woody hosts

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 898-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARMEN FAGOAGA ◽  
GIOVANNI PENSABENE-BELLAVIA ◽  
PEDRO MORENO ◽  
LUÍS NAVARRO ◽  
RICARDO FLORES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Viral Accumulation ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

scholarly journals Viral-Like Symptoms Induced by the Ectopic Expression of the p23 Gene of Citrus tristeza virus Are Citrus Specific and Do Not Correlate with the Pathogenicity of the Virus Strain

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Fagoaga ◽  
Carmelo López ◽  
Pedro Moreno ◽  
Luis Navarro ◽  
Ricardo Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Mexican Lime ◽  
Symptom Intensity ◽  
P23 Gene ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Leaf Symptoms ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Ectopic expression of the p23 gene from a severe (T36) strain of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) induces viral-like symptoms in Mexican lime. Here, we report that expressing the same gene from a mild strain induced similar symptoms that correlated with accumulation of p23 protein irrespective of the source strain. CTV inoculation of transgenic limes showing CTV-like leaf symptoms and high p23 accumulation did not modify symptoms initially, with the virus titer being as in inoculated nontransgenic controls; however, at later stages, symptoms became attenuated. Transformation with p23-T36 of CTV-susceptible sweet and sour orange and CTV-resistant trifoliate orange also led to CTV-like leaf symptoms that did not develop when plants were transformed with a truncated p23 version. In transgenic citrus species and relatives other than Mexican lime, p23 was barely detectable, although symptom intensity correlated with levels of p23 transcripts. The lower accumulation of p23 in sweet and sour orange compared with Mexican lime also was observed in nontransgenic plants inoculated with CTV, suggesting that minimal p23 levels cause deleterious effects in the first two species. Conversely, transgenic expression of p23 in CTV nonhost Nicotiana spp. led to accumulation of p23 without phenotypic aberrations, indicating that p23 interferes with plant development only in citrus species and relatives.

scholarly journals Citrus tristeza virus p23: Determinants for Nucleolar Localization and Their Influence on Suppression of RNA Silencing and Pathogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Ruiz-Ruiz ◽  
Nuria Soler ◽  
Jesús Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Carmen Fagoaga ◽  
Carmelo López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Nucleolar Localization ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) encodes a singular protein (p23, 209 amino acids) with multiple functions, including RNA silencing suppression (RSS). Confocal laser-scanning microscopy of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-p23 agroexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed its accumulation in the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, and plasmodesmata. To dissect the nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) typically associated with basic motifs, seven truncated and 10 point-mutated versions of p23 were assayed. Deletion mutants showed that regions 50 to 86 and 100 to 157 (excluding fragment 106 to 114), both with basic motifs and the first with a zinc-finger, contain the (bipartite) NoLS. Alanine substitutions delimited this signal to three cysteines of the Zn-finger and some basic amino acids. RSS activity of p23 in N. benthamiana was abolished by essentially all mutants, indicating that it involves most p23 regions. The necrotic-inducing ability of p23 when launched in N. benthamiana from Potato virus X was only retained by deletion mutant 158-209 and one substitution mutant, showing that the Zn-finger and flanking basic motifs form part of the pathogenic determinant. Ectopic expression of p23 and some deletion mutants in transgenic Mexican lime demarcated a similar determinant, suggesting that p23 affects related pathways in citrus and N. benthamiana. Both RSS activity and pathogenicity of p23 appear related to its nucleolar localization.

First report of citrus tristeza virus in commercial citrus orchards in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Najar ◽  
Imen Hamdi ◽  
Souad Mahmoud ◽  
Lassaad Medhioub ◽  
Imed Jaouadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

A model for the spread and control of citrus tristeza virus disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Ruth Marcus ◽  
Hovav Talpaz ◽  
Moshe Bar-Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Sscp analysis of variations in haplotypes of citrus tristeza virus isolated from yuzu (Citrus junos) in geographically separate regions of Korea

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Hyun Kim ◽  
Hye Kyung Shim ◽  
Jae Wook Hyeon ◽  
Hyeog Mo Kwon ◽  
Kwang Sik Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sscp Analysis ◽  
Citrus Junos ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza
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