scholarly journals Inflammatory and Humoral Immune Response during Ebola Virus Infection in Survivor and Fatal Cases Occurred in Sierra Leone during the 2014–2016 Outbreak in West Africa

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Colavita ◽  
Mirella Biava ◽  
Concetta Castilletti ◽  
Simone Lanini ◽  
Rossella Miccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Ebov Infection

Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response, a loss of lymphocytes and a general paralysis of the immune system, however pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. In a cohort of 23 fatal and 21 survivors of ebola virus disease (EVD) cases admitted to the Emergency Ebola-Treatment-Center in Goderich (Freetown, Sierra Leone) during the 2014 to 2016 EBOV epidemic in Western Africa, we analyzed the pathway-focused gene expression profile of secreted proteins involved in the immune response and the levels of specific anti-EBOV IgM and IgG from the time of admission till discharge or death. We observed a dysregulated inflammatory response in fatal patients as compared to survivors, mainly consisting of the upregulation of inflammatory mediators, whose extent directly correlated with viremia levels. The upregulation persisted and intensified during the late phase of infection. Relevant differences were also found in humoral immunity, as an earlier and more robust EBOV antibody response was observed in survivor patients.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Ebola virus infection in Bombali District, Sierra Leone

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadege Goumkwa Mafopa ◽  
Gianluca Russo ◽  
Raoul Emeric Guetiya Wadoum ◽  
Emmanuel Iwerima ◽  
Vincent Batwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Efficient Immune Response ◽  
Ebola Virus Infection

A serosurvey of anti-Ebola Zaire virus nucleoprotein IgG prevalence was carried out among Ebola virus disease survivors and their Community Contacts in Bombali District, Sierra Leone. Our data suggest that the specie of Ebola virus (Zaire) responsible of the 2013-2016 epidemic in West Africa may cause mild or asymptomatic infection in a proportion of cases, possibly due to an efficient immune response.

scholarly journals Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease Develop Polyfunctional Antibody Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn M Gunn ◽  
Vicky Roy ◽  
Marcus M Karim ◽  
Jessica N Hartnett ◽  
Todd J Suscovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Effector Functions ◽  
Ebov Infection ◽  
Innate Immune Effector ◽  
Functional Antibodies

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies can mediate protection against Ebola virus (EBOV) infection through direct neutralization as well as through the recruitment of innate immune effector functions. However, the antibody functional response following survival of acute EBOV disease has not been well characterized. In this study, serum antibodies from Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors from Sierra Leone were profiled to capture variation in overall subclass/isotype abundance, neutralizing activity, and innate immune effector functions. Antibodies from EVD survivors exhibited robust innate immune effector functions, mediated primarily by IgG1 and IgA1. In conclusion, development of functional antibodies follows survival of acute EVD.

scholarly journals In Vivo Activity of Amodiaquine against Ebola Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Evans DeWald ◽  
Joshua C. Johnson ◽  
Dawn M. Gerhardt ◽  
Lisa M. Torzewski ◽  
Elena Postnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Western Africa

AbstractDuring the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in Western Africa (2013‒2016), antimalarial treatment was administered to EVD patients due to the high coexisting malaria burden in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. In an Ebola treatment center in Liberia, EVD patients receiving the combination antimalarial artesunate-amodiaquine had a lower risk of death compared to those treated with artemether-lumefantrine. As artemether and artesunate are derivatives of artemisinin, the beneficial anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) effect observed could possibly be attributed to the change from lumefantrine to amodiaquine. Amodiaquine is a widely used antimalarial in the countries that experience outbreaks of EVD and, therefore, holds promise as an approved drug that could be repurposed for treating EBOV infections. We investigated the potential anti-EBOV effect of amodiaquine in a well-characterized nonhuman primate model of EVD. Using a similar 3-day antimalarial dosing strategy as for human patients, plasma concentrations of amodiaquine in healthy animals were similar to those found in humans. However, the treatment regimen did not result in a survival benefit or decrease of disease signs in EBOV-infected animals. While amodiaquine on its own failed to demonstrate efficacy, we cannot exclude potential therapeutic value of amodiaquine when used in combination with artesunate or another antiviral.

scholarly journals Immunological Perspective for Ebola Virus Infection and Various Treatment Measures Taken to Fight the Disease

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Sahil Jain ◽  
Svetlana F. Khaiboullina ◽  
Manoj Baranwal
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
T Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Ebov Infection ◽  
Zaire Ebolavirus ◽  
Potential Factors

Ebolaviruses, discovered in 1976, belongs to the Filoviridae family, which also includes Marburg and Lloviu viruses. They are negative-stranded RNA viruses with six known species identified to date. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of Zaire ebolavirus species and can cause the Ebola virus disease (EVD), an emerging zoonotic disease that results in homeostatic imbalance and multi-organ failure. There are three EBOV outbreaks documented in the last six years resulting in significant morbidity (>32,000 cases) and mortality (>13,500 deaths). The potential factors contributing to the high infectivity of this virus include multiple entry mechanisms, susceptibility of the host cells, employment of multiple immune evasion mechanisms and rapid person-to-person transmission. EBOV infection leads to cytokine storm, disseminated intravascular coagulation, host T cell apoptosis as well as cell mediated and humoral immune response. In this review, a concise recap of cell types targeted by EBOV and EVD symptoms followed by detailed run-through of host innate and adaptive immune responses, virus-driven regulation and their combined effects contributing to the disease pathogenesis has been presented. At last, the vaccine and drug development initiatives as well as challenges related to the management of infection have been discussed.

Nosocomial transmission of Ebola virus disease on pediatric and maternity wards: Bombali and Tonkolili, Sierra Leone, 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela C. Dunn ◽  
Tiffany A. Walker ◽  
John Redd ◽  
David Sugerman ◽  
Jevon McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission

scholarly journals The impact of active surveillance and health education on an Ebola virus disease cluster — Kono District, Sierra Leone, 2014–2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasha Stehling-Ariza ◽  
Alexander Rosewell ◽  
Sahr A. Moiba ◽  
Brima Berthalomew Yorpie ◽  
Kai David Ndomaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Cluster ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kono District

Modulation of immune response in Ebola virus disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Goutam Banerjee ◽  
Kamal Shokeen ◽  
Nilanjan Chakraborty ◽  
Saumya Agarwal ◽  
Arindam Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease
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