scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Evolutionary Analyses of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 NS1 Gene

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mira ◽  
Marta Canuti ◽  
Giuseppa Purpari ◽  
Vincenza Cannella ◽  
Santina Di Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Ns1 Gene ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 is the etiological agent of a severe disease of terrestrial carnivores. This unique specie encompasses canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV). Studies widely analyzed the main capsid protein (VP2), but limited information is available on the nonstructural genes (NS1/NS2). This paper analyzed the NS1 gene sequence of FPLV and CPV strains collected in Italy in 2009–2017, along with worldwide related sequences. Differently from VP2, only one NS1 amino-acid residue (248) clearly and constantly distinguished FPLV from CPV-2, while five possible convergent amino-acid changes were observed that may affect the functional domains of the NS1. Some synonymous mutation in NS1 were non-synonymous in NS2 and vice versa. No evidence for recombination between the two lineages was found, and the predominance of negative selection pressure on NS1 proteins was observed, with low and no overlap between the two lineages in negatively and positively selected codons, respectively. More sites were under selection in the CPV-2 lineage. NS1 phylogenetic analysis showed divergent evolution between FPLV and CPV, and strains were clustered mostly by country and year of detection. We highlight the importance of obtaining the NS1/NS2 coding sequence in molecular epidemiology investigations.

scholarly journals A phylogenetic study of canine parvovirus type 2c in midwestern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danúbia S. Fontana ◽  
Paulo Ricardo D. Rocha ◽  
Raquel A.S. Cruz ◽  
Letícya L. Lopes ◽  
Andréia L.T. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Representative Samples

Since the late 1970s, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has emerged as a causative agent of fatal severe acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. To date, three antigenic types of CPV-2 were described worldwide (CPV-2a/b/c). This study was conducted to determine the variants of CPV-2 circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil. Out of 50 fecal samples, collected between 2009 and 2011, 27 tested positive for CPV-2. A 583 bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified by PCR, 13 representative samples were analyzed further by DNA sequencing. All strains were characterized as CPV-2c, displayed a low genetic variability although observed several amino acid substitution. These findings indicated that CPV-2c has been circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil.

scholarly journals The increasing prevalence of CPV-2c in domestic dogs in China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqi Hao ◽  
Yuwei He ◽  
Chuhan Wang ◽  
Weiqi Xiao ◽  
Ruohan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Nucleotide Database ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Multiple Variants

Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a serious pathogen, leads to high morbidity and mortality in dogs and several wild carnivore species. Although it is a DNA virus, it evolves particularly rapidly, with a genomic substitution rate of approximately 10−4 substitutions/site/year, close to that of some RNA viruses. Tracing the prevalence of CPV-2 in dogs is significant. Methods In this study, an aetiological survey was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in Guangdong Province, China, involving Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Furthermore, to systematically analyse the prevalence of CPV-2 in China, the VP2 gene sequences of all Chinese isolates were downloaded from the NCBI nucleotide database in December 2019, and changes in CPV-2 variants were examined. Results A total of 55.7% (34/61) of samples were CPV-2 positive by PCR detection and virus isolation. In addition to different variants circulating in dogs, coinfection with multiple variants was identified, as was coinfection with other canine enteric pathogens in some cases. Two previously reported amino acid sites, A5G and Q370R of CPV-2c mutants, reported in variants in China were assessed, and several CPV-2 isolates with P13S and K582N mutations were detected in this study. Finally, we speculate on the prevalence of different CPV-2 variants in China. According to the VP2 gene sequence obtained from the NCBI nucleotide database, the proportion of different variants in China has changed, and CPV-2c appears to be growing rapidly. In conclusion, this aetiology survey suggests that CPV-2 continues to be common in China and that the prevalence of CPV-2c is increasing.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants Responsible for Acquisition of Dengue Type 2 Virus Mouse Neurovirulence

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1647-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bray ◽  
Ruhe Men ◽  
Issei Tokimatsu ◽  
Ching-Juh Lai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Dengue Viruses ◽  
Ns1 Gene ◽  
Significant Attenuation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Dengue Type 2 Virus

ABSTRACT Studies conducted some 50 years ago showed that serial intracerebral passage of dengue viruses in mice selected for neurovirulent mutants that also exhibited significant attenuation for humans. We investigated the genetic basis of mouse neurovirulence of dengue virus because it might be directly or indirectly associated with attenuation for humans. Analysis of the sequence in the C-PreM-E-NS1 region of the parental dengue type 2 virus (DEN2) New Guinea C (NGC) strain and its mouse-adapted, neurovirulent mutant revealed that 10 nucleotide changes occurred during serial passage in mice. Seven of these changes resulted in amino acid substitutions, i.e., Leu55-Phe and Arg57-Lys in PreM, Glu71-Asp, Glu126-Lys, Phe402-Ile, and Thr454-Ile in E, and Arg105-Gln in NS1. The sequence of C was fully conserved between the parental and mutant DEN2. We constructed intertypic chimeric dengue viruses that contained the PreM-E genes or only the NS1 gene of neurovirulent DEN2 NGC substituting for the corresponding genes of DEN4. The DEN2 (PreM-E)/DEN4 chimera was neurovirulent for mice, whereas DEN2 (NS1)/DEN4 was not. The mutations present in the neurovirulent DEN2 PreM-E genes were then substituted singly or in combination into the sequence of the nonneurovirulent, parental DEN2. Intracerebral titration of the various mutant chimeras so produced identified two amino acid changes, namely, Glu71-Asp and Glu126-Lys, in DEN2 E as being responsible for mouse neurovirulence. The conservative amino acid change of Glu71-Asp probably had a minor effect, if any. The Glu126-Lys substitution in DEN2 E, representing a change from a negatively charged amino acid to a positively charged amino acid, most likely plays an important role in conferring mouse neurovirulence.

scholarly journals Feline panleukopenia virus revisited : molecular characteristics and pathological lesions associated with three recent isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Vuuren ◽  
A. Steinel ◽  
T. Goosen ◽  
E. Lane ◽  
J. Van der Lugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

The low incidence of clinical signs or pathological lesions compatible with feline panleukopenia in cats has created the perception among practitioners that the disease has disappeared since the emergence of canine parvovirus type 2 in the late 1970s.Three parvoviruses that were recently isolated from a domestic cat and 2 cheetahs in cell culture or detected by means of the polymerase chain reaction were shown to be typical feline parvoviruses. Phylogenetic comparison with other FPV isolates did not reveal a particular African cluster.

scholarly journals Diagnostics and genotyping of Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) from disease cases in south-eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kowalczyk ◽  
Barbara Majer-Dziedzic ◽  
Krzysztof Kostro ◽  
Aleksandra Szabelak ◽  
Jerzy Ziętek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Vp2 Protein ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Abstract Canine parvovirus type 2 is one of the most common causes of death among puppies. Despite preventive vaccination, the disease continues to be diagnosed. The aim of the study was to provide a molecular characterization of CPV-2 isolates found in southeastern Poland. Genetic CPV-2 material was isolated from the blood (n=10) and feces (n=50) of infected dogs. The presence of CPV-2 was confirmed by amplification of sequences coding both VP1 and VP2 protein. The products of the PCR reaction with primers amplifying VP2 protein were sequenced and used for genotyping. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequenced PCR product was performed to determine the phylogenetic relationships with variants recorded in the public databases. Based on the analysis of polymorphism in the nucleotide sequence 7 nucleotide variants were detected and assigned into four amino acid groups. Representatives of three groups contained asparagine at amino acid position 426 of the VP2 protein, which is characteristic of CPV-2a. The variant from the fourth group belonged to type CPV-2b. CPV-2a is the dominant antigenic type of CPV-2 in Poland. The pathogen’s high degree of polymorphism is manifested not only by the presence of numerous variants within the type, but also by the presence of representatives of type CPV-2b. Further studies of the molecular epidemiology of CPV-2 are necessary to optimize the effectiveness of preventive measures.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of feline panleukopenia virus from dogs in Vietnam reveals a unique Thr101 mutation in VP2

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9752
Author(s):  
Minh Hoang ◽  
Cheng-Nan Wu ◽  
Chuen-Fu Lin ◽  
Huong Thanh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Van Phan Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Surface ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Feline Parvovirus ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are known as the main causes of several serious diseases and have a severe impact on puppies and kittens, respectively. FPV and new CPV-2 variants are all able to infect cats, causing diseases indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia. However, FPV only replicates efficiently in feline cells in vitro and replicates in dogs in the thymus and bone marrow without being shed in feces. In our previous study, the genotypes of six parvoviral isolates were unable to be identified using a SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. Methods In the present study, we characterized previously unidentified FPV-like viruses isolated from dogs in Vietnam. The six isolates were utilized to complete VP2 gene sequencing and to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Results Sequence analysis of the six parvoviral strains identified the species as being similar to FPV. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the complete VP2 genes of the strains are similar to those of FPV. The FPV-like strains contain a Thr101 mutation in the VP2 protein, which is different from prototype FPV strains. Discussion Our data provide evidence for the existence of changes in the charge, protein contact potential and molecular surface of the core of the receptor-binding size with an Ile101 to Thr101 mutation. This is also the first study to provide reliable evidence that FPV may be a threat to the Vietnamese dog population.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 in Italy from 1994 to 2017: recurrence of the CPV-2b variant

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Battilani ◽  
Francesco Modugno ◽  
Francesco Mira ◽  
Giuseppa Purpari ◽  
Santina Di Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the most important enteric virus infecting canids. It is a rapidly evolving virus; after its emergence in the 1970s, new antigenic variants (called CPV-2a, 2b and 2c) emerged and replaced the original antigenic type. The three antigenic variants are globally distributed with different frequencies and levels of genetic variability. This study focused on VP2 gene sequence analysis and the phylodynamics of CPV-2 which were detected in 123 dogs showing clinical signs of gastroenteritis collected in Italy from 1994 to 2017. Results For the most part, the sick dogs were young, and a third of them (32.5%) had been vaccinated. No statistical association was found between the CPV-2 antigenic variants, and sex, age, breed and vaccination status. Sequence analysis showed that all three antigenic types circulated in Italy; the CPV-2a type was the prominent genotype, followed by CPV-2c and CPV-2b, with notable differences regarding regional bases and significant fluctuations over time. Nucleotide sequence data showed high genetic heterogeneity with 67 nucleotide sequence types (ntSTs) identified, corresponding to 21 amino acid sequence types (aaSTs). The aaSTs and ntSTs obtained were distributed differently among the three CPV-2 antigenic variants: CPV-2a grouped 12/21 (57.1%) aaSTs and 41/67 (61.2%) ntSTs; CPV-2b grouped 5/21 (23.8%) aaSTs and 6/67 (8.9%) ntSTs, and CPV-2c grouped 4/21 (19.1%) aaSTs and 20/67 (29.9%) ntSTs. Canine parvovirus 2a was characterised by the highest genetic variability while CPV-2c was characterised by notable stability with a predominant amino acid profile during the entire sampling time. Canine parvovirus 2b re-emerged in recent years, showing a new and distinctive amino acid profile of the VP2 protein. Conclusions The findings of the present study provided new insights regarding the phylodynamics and evolution of CPV-2 in Italy, pointing out notable differences at the local level in the distribution of the CPV-2 variants and the selection of genetic subtypes. The evolution of CPV-2 has raised questions regarding the efficacy of vaccination; therefore, continuous monitoring regarding the evolution and spread of new CPV-2 variants should be a key aim of ongoing research.

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