scholarly journals Overexpression of the Interferon-Inducible Isoform 4 of NCOA7 Dissects the Entry Route of Enveloped Viruses and Demonstrates that HIV Enters Cells via Fusion at the Plasma Membrane

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Herold
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Coactivator ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Type 1 Interferons

The HIV-1 entry-route is a matter of ongoing controversy, and there is evidence for fusion either at the cell surface or from within endosomes. A recent report demonstrated that isoform 4 of nuclear receptor coactivator 7 (NCOA7iso4) interacts with endolysosomal vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), increasing lytic activity and thereby severely affecting the entry of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G)-mediated, but not HIV-Env-mediated, entry and infection. As basal expression of NCOA7iso4 is low in the absence of type-1 interferons, its overexpression is a novel tool to study viral entry.

scholarly journals Enhanced Presentation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-Restricted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-Specific Epitopes after DNA Immunization with Vectors Coding for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein- Pseudotyped HIV-1 Gag Particles

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 7544-7553 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Marsac ◽  
D. Loirat ◽  
C. Petit ◽  
O. Schwartz ◽  
M.-L. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT In vivo priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by DNA injection predominantly occurs by antigen transfer from DNA-transfected cells to antigen-presenting cells. A rational strategy for increasing DNA vaccine potency would be to use a delivery system that facilitates antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Exogenous antigen presentation through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted pathway of some viral antigens is increased after adequate virus-receptor interaction and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. We used DNA-based immunization with plasmids coding for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag particles pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) to generate Gag-specific CTL responses. The presence of the VSV-G-encoding plasmid not only increased the number of mice displaying anti-Gag-specific cytotoxic response but also increased the efficiency of specific lysis. In vitro analysis of processing confirmed that exogenous presentation of Gag epitopes occurred much more efficiently when Gag particles were pseudotyped with the VSV-G envelope. We show that the VSV-G-pseudotyped Gag particles not only entered the MHC class II processing pathway but also entered the MHC class I processing pathway. In contrast, naked Gag particles entered the MHC class II processing pathway only. Thus, the combined use of DNA-based immunization and nonreplicating pseudotyped virus to deliver HIV-1 antigen to the immune system in vivo could be considered in HIV-1 vaccine design.

scholarly journals Prime-Boost Vaccination with Recombinant Mumps Virus and Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Elicits an Enhanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag-Specific Cellular Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
pp. 9813-9823 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Xu ◽  
F. Nasar ◽  
S. Megati ◽  
A. Luckay ◽  
M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Intramuscular inoculation of rhesus macaques with one or more doses of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag (rVSVgag) typically elicits peak cellular immune responses of 500 to 1,000 gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospots (ELISPOTS)/106 peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Here, we describe the generation of a novel recombinant mumps virus (rMuV) expressing HIV-1 Gag (rMuVgag) and measure the Gag-specific cellular immune responses detected in rhesus macaques following vaccination with a highly attenuated form of rVSV expressing HIV-1 Gag (rVSVN4CT1gag1) and rMuVgag in various prime-boost combinations. Notably, peak Gag-specific cellular immune responses of 3,000 to 3,500 ELISPOTS/106 PBL were detected in macaques that were primed with rMuVgag and boosted with rVSVN4CT1gag1. Lower peak cellular immune responses were detected in macaques that were primed with rVSVN4CT1gag1 and boosted with rMuVgag, although longer-term gag-specific responses appeared to remain higher in this group of macaques. These findings indicate that rMuVgag may significantly enhance Gag-specific cellular immune responses when administered with rVSVN4CT1gag1 in heterologous prime-boost regimens.

scholarly journals Pseudotyping human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by vesicular stomatitis virus G protein does not reduce the cell-dependent requirement of Vif for optimal infectivity: functional difference between Vif and Nef

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2945-2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Akari ◽  
Tsuneo Uchiyama ◽  
Tomoharu Fukumori ◽  
Shinya Iida ◽  
A. Hajime Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Hiv 1

The functions of Vif and Nef in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have some similarities: Vif- and Nef-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 replication is cell type-specific, and defective mutations in these genes result in restricted proviral DNA synthesis in infected cells. It has recently been shown that pseudotyping HIV-1 by the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) targets HIV-1 entry to an endocytic pathway and suppresses the requirement of Nef for virus infectivity. In this study, we examined whether VSV-G pseudotyping suppresses the requirement of Vif for HIV-1 infectivity. It was found that pseudotyping HIV-1 by VSV-G did not compensate for the Vif function. Together with the findings that Vif does not influence virus binding/entry and virion incorporation of Env, it is concluded that Vif enhances HIV-1 infectivity at the post-entry step(s) independently of the Env function by a different mechanism to that of Nef.

scholarly journals Role for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Membrane Cholesterol in Viral Internalization

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (20) ◽  
pp. 10356-10364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Guyader ◽  
Etsuko Kiyokawa ◽  
Laurence Abrami ◽  
Priscilla Turelli ◽  
Didier Trono
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The membrane of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions contains high levels of cholesterol and sphingomyelin, an enrichment that is explained by the preferential budding of the virus through raft microdomains of the plasma membrane. Upon depletion of cholesterol from HIV-1 virions with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, infectivity was almost completely abolished. In contrast, this treatment had only a mild effect on the infectiousness of particles pseudotyped with the G envelope of vesicular stomatitis virus. The cholesterol-chelating compound nystatin had a similar effect. Cholesterol-depleted HIV-1 virions exhibited wild-type patterns of viral proteins and contained normal levels of cyclophilin A and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Nevertheless, and although they could still bind target cells, these virions were markedly defective for internalization. These results indicate that the cholesterol present in the HIV-1 membrane plays a prominent role in the fusion process that is key to viral entry and suggest that drugs capable of disturbing the lipid composition of virions could serve as a basis for the development of microbicides.

scholarly journals Expression and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 using the vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype vector system

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyu Wu ◽  
Gyoung Nyoun Kim ◽  
C. Yong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Hiv 1

The Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVIND), but not the New Jersey serotype (VSVNJ), has been widely used as a gene expression vector. In terms of prime–boost-based vaccine strategies, it would be desirable to use two different VSV serotypes to avoid immunity against the priming viral vector. Here, we report that we have applied the VSVNJ vector system for expression of the env gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The HIV-1 env gene was inserted into the VSVNJ vector system at two different sites: between the P and M genes (NP-gp160-MGL) and between the G and L genes (NPMG-gp160-L). The HIV-1 env gene product, gp160, was efficiently expressed and processed in cells infected with either of these two recombinant VSV–HIV-1gp160 viruses. In this study, we have investigated the applicability of the VSVNJ vector system for foreign gene expression.

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