scholarly journals Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Vo ◽  
Matthew Guerreiro ◽  
Amulya Yaparla ◽  
Leon Grayfer ◽  
Stephanie DeWitte-Orr
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Level ◽  
Scavenger Receptors ◽  
Null Cell ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Class A ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cellular Entry

Frog virus 3 (FV3) is the type species of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae). FV3 and FV3-like viruses are globally distributed infectious agents with the capacity to replicate in three vertebrate classes (teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles). At the cellular level, FV3 and FV3-like viruses can infect cells from virtually all vertebrate classes. To date, the cellular receptors that are involved in the FV3 entry process are unknown. Class A scavenger receptors (SR-As) are a family of evolutionarily conserved cell-surface receptors that bind a wide range of chemically distinct polyanionic ligands and can function as cellular receptors for other DNA viruses, including vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus. The present study aimed to determine whether SR-As are involved in FV3 cellular entry. By using well-defined SR-A competitive and non-competitive ligand-blocking assays and absolute qPCR, we demonstrated that the SR-A competitive ligands drastically reduced the quantities of cell-associated viral loads in frog cells. Moreover, inducing the expression of a human SR-AI in an SR-A null cell line significantly increased FV3–cell association. Together, our results indicate that SR-As are utilized by FV3 during the cellular entry process.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich Domain of the Class A Scavenger Receptors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas V. L. Yap ◽  
Fiona J. Whelan ◽  
Dawn M. E. Bowdish ◽  
G. Brian Golding
Keyword(s):  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Scavenger Receptors ◽  
Class A ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Cysteine Rich Domain

scholarly journals Implementation of Power-Efficient Class AB Miller Amplifiers Using Resistive Local Common-Mode Feedback

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Anindita Paul ◽  
Mario Renteria-Pinon ◽  
Jaime Ramirez-Angulo ◽  
Ricardo Bolaños-Pérez ◽  
Héctor Vázquez-Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Class Ab ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
Class A ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quiescent Current

An approach to implement single-ended power-efficient static class-AB Miller op-amps with symmetrical and significantly enhanced slew-rate and accurately controlled output quiescent current is introduced. The proposed op-amp can drive a wide range of resistive and capacitive loads. The output positive and negative currents can be much higher than the total op-amp quiescent current. The enhanced performance is achieved by utilizing a simple low-power auxiliary amplifier with resistive local common-mode feedback that increases the quiescent power dissipation by less than 10%. The proposed class AB op-amp is characterized by significantly enhanced large-signal dynamic, static current efficiency, and small-signal figures of merits. The dynamic current efficiency is 15.6 higher, the static current efficiency is 8.9 times higher, and the small-signal figure of merit is 2.3 times higher than the conventional class-A op-amp. A global figure of merit that determines an op-amp’s ultimate speed is 6.33 times higher than the conventional class A op-amp.

A low resolution structure of frog virus 3

Virology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cuillel ◽  
F. Tripier ◽  
J. Braunwald ◽  
B. Jacrot
Keyword(s):  
Low Resolution ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
Resolution Structure

Nongenetic reactivation of frog virus 3 DNA

Virology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn B. Willis ◽  
Rakesh Goorha ◽  
Allan Granoff
Keyword(s):  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus

Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected by frog virus 3

Virology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn B. Willis ◽  
Allan Granoff
Keyword(s):  
Macromolecular Synthesis ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
In Cells

Comparative Genomics Analysis between frog Virus 3-like Ranavirus from the First Canadian Reptile Mortality Event and Similar Viruses from Amphibians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lung ◽  
Ayooluwa J. Bolaji ◽  
Michelle Nebroski ◽  
Mat Fisher ◽  
Cody Buchanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Frog Virus 3 ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Organization

Abstract Ranaviruses are emerging pathogens that threaten the biodiversity of wild and captive cold-blooded vertebrates. Reports of ranavirus-induced mortality events are increasing and ranavirus disease is reportable to the World Organization for Animal Health. Previous studies have suggested interclass transmission of ranaviruses and Frog virus 3 (FV3)-like viruses are of particular interest. This study presents the whole-genome assembly of a 106 kb FV3-like genome obtained from the liver tissue of a reptile (wild Chelydra serpentina, common snapping turtle) that died of ranavirus disease in Canada. The FV3-like ON turtle/2018 strain shares the highest genome-wide nucleotide identity (99.71%) with the wild-type FV3 virus detected in the USA from a Northern leopard frog and an FV3-like strain identified from a wood frog in 2017 in Alberta, Canada. The novel genome contains all 26 Iridoviridae core genes, 11 FV3-like genes, and 9 unique truncations, three of which are core Iridoviridae ORFs. Additionally, the two most closely related FV3-like strains from amphibians, were compared to a non-FV3-like amphibian infecting and a fish infecting ranavirus species that showed similar codon usage patterns. G/C-ending codons were the preferred codons for all five strains. Investigation of putative recombination events identified four potential recombination events in the FV3-like ON turtle/2018 genome consistent with this FV3-like reptile infecting strain originating from an amphibian infecting FV3-like ranavirus. Altogether, this study provides insights into the genome structure and the differences in the novel FV3-like genome compared to other ranavirus genomes.

scholarly journals An Application of Fit Quality to Screen MDM2/p53 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xue ◽  
Gang Bao ◽  
Hai-Qing Zhang ◽  
Ning-Yi Zhao ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Pharmacophore Model ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
Null Cell ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
First Time

: The judicious application of ligand or binding efficiency (LE) metrics, which quantify the molecular properties required to obtain binding affinity for a drug target, is gaining traction in the selection and optimization of fragments, hits and leads. Here we report for the first time the use of LE based metric, fit quality (FQ), in virtual screening (VS) of MDM2/p53 protein-protein interaction inhibitors (PPIIs). Firstly, a Receptor-Ligand pharmacophore model was constructed on multiple MDM2/ligand complex structures to screen the library. The enrichment factor (EF) for screening was calculated based on a decoy set to define the screening threshold. Finally, 1% of the library, 335 compounds, were screened and re-filtered with the FQ metric. According to the statistical results of FQ vs activity of 156 MDM2/p53 PPIIs extracted from literatures, the cut-off was defined as FQ = 0.8. After the second round of VS, six compounds with the FQ > 0.8 were picked out for assessing their antitumor activity. At the cellular level, the six hits exhibited a good selectivity (larger than 3) against HepG2 (wt-p53) vs Hep3B (p53 null) cell lines. On the further study, the six hits exhibited an acceptable affinity (range of Ki from 102 to 103 nM) to MDM2 when comparing to Nutlin-3a. Based on our work, FQ based VS strategy could be applied to discover other PPIIs.

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