scholarly journals The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of Sacbrood Virus (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, Apis mellifera

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghong Li ◽  
Tingyun Wang ◽  
Jay Evans ◽  
Robyn Rose ◽  
Yazhou Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Host Affiliation

RNA viruses that contain single-stranded RNA genomes of positive sense make up the largest group of pathogens infecting honey bees. Sacbrood virus (SBV) is one of the most widely distributed honey bee viruses and infects the larvae of honey bees, resulting in failure to pupate and death. Among all of the viruses infecting honey bees, SBV has the greatest number of complete genomes isolated from both European honey bees Apis mellifera and Asian honey bees A. cerana worldwide. To enhance our understanding of the evolution and pathogenicity of SBV, in this study, we present the first report of whole genome sequences of two U.S. strains of SBV. The complete genome sequences of the two U.S. SBV strains were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: MG545286.1 and MG545287.1. Both SBV strains show the typical genomic features of the Iflaviridae family. The phylogenetic analysis of the single polyprotein coding region of the U.S. strains, and other GenBank SBV submissions revealed that SBV strains split into two distinct lineages, possibly reflecting host affiliation. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 5′UTR revealed a monophyletic clade with the deep parts of the tree occupied by SBV strains from both A. cerane and A. mellifera, and the tips of branches of the tree occupied by SBV strains from A. mellifera. The study of the cold stress on the pathogenesis of the SBV infection showed that cold stress could have profound effects on sacbrood disease severity manifested by increased mortality of infected larvae. This result suggests that the high prevalence of sacbrood disease in early spring may be due to the fluctuating temperatures during the season. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and pathogenesis of SBV infection in honey bees, and have important epidemiological relevance.

Dynamics of Apis cerana Sacbrood Virus (AcSBV) Prevalence in Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Northern Taiwan and Demonstration of its Infection in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2055-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Yu Ko ◽  
Zong-Lin Chiang ◽  
Ruo-Jyun Liao ◽  
Zih-Ting Chang ◽  
Ju-Chun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Northern Taiwan ◽  
Long Term Survey

AbstractSince 2016, Apis cerana sacbrood virus (AcSBV) has been recorded in Taiwan. It is epizootic in Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and causing serious loss of A. cerana. Herein, we performed a long-term survey of AcSBV prevalence in the populations of A. cerana in Northern Taiwan from January 2017 to July 2018. The surveillance of AcSBV prevalence in A. mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations was starting and further confirmed by sequencing since April 2017; thus, these data were also included in this survey. In our survey, the average prevalence rates of AcSBV were 72 and 53% in A. cerana and A. mellifera, respectively, in 2017, which decreased to 45 and 27% in 2018. For the spatial analysis of AcSBV in two honey bee populations, Hsinchu showed the highest prevalence, followed by New Taipei, Yilan, Taipei, and Keelung, suggesting that AcSBV might have come from the southern part of Taiwan. Interestingly, the AcSBV prevalence rates from A. cerana and A. mellifera cocultured apiaries gradually synchronized. The result of phylogenetic analysis and comparison of the annual AcSBV prevalence in A. cerana-only, A. mellifera-only, and A. cerana/A. mellifera cocultured sample sites indicate cross-infection between A. cerana and A. mellifera; however, AcSBV may lose the advantage of virulence in A. mellifera. The evidence suggested that the transmission of AcSBV might occur among these two honey bee species in the field. Therefore, A. mellifera may serve as a guard species to monitor AcSBV in A. cerana, but the cross-infection still needs to be surveyed.

scholarly journals Sacbrood Virus of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera): Rapid Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis Using Reverse Transcription-PCR

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Grabensteiner ◽  
Wolfgang Ritter ◽  
Michael J. Carter ◽  
Sean Davison ◽  
Hermann Pechhacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr

ABSTRACT Sacbrood virus (SBV) infects larvae of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), resulting in failure to pupate and death. Until now, identification of viruses in honeybee infections has been based on traditional methods such as electron microscopy, immunodiffusion, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Culture cannot be used because no honeybee cell lines are available. These techniques are low in sensitivity and specificity. However, the complete nucleotide sequence of SBV has recently been determined, and with these data, we now report a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test for the direct, rapid, and sensitive detection of these viruses. RT-PCR was used to target five different areas of the SBV genome using infected honeybees and larvae originating from geographically distinct regions. The RT-PCR assay proved to be a rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic tool for the direct detection of SBV nucleic acid in samples of infected honeybees and brood regardless of geographic origin. The amplification products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis suggested the existence of at least three distinct genotypes of SBV.

Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of South Korean sacbrood virus isolates from infected honey bees (Apis cerana)

2012 ◽  
Vol 157 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Eun Choe ◽  
Thuy Thi-Dieu Nguyen ◽  
Bang-Hun Hyun ◽  
Jin-Hyeong Noh ◽  
Hee-Soo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals MELITTOPHILIC COMPLEX OF PLANTS PROVIDING FORAGE BASE FOR HONEY BEES (APIS MELLIFERA) IN THE MOUNTAIN-FOREST ZONE OF CRIMEA

Ekosistemy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol - (21) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
T. O. Bykova ◽  
A. V. Ivashov ◽  
S. P. Ivanov ◽  
W. N. Sattarow ◽  
L. P., Vahrusheva
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Forage Base ◽  
Forage Value

For the first time, in the mountain-forest ecosystems of Crimea of parcel organization level adjacent to the beehives of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), a species composition of plants representing the melittophilic complex has been identified which provides honey bees with pollen and nectar during the entire warm season. The complex includes 57 species of plants where the honey bees that collect pollen or nectar have been registered. The core of the melittophilic complex consisted of 35 species of plants, the proportion of simultaneously flowering (in any period of the season) flowers of each one exceeded 2.5 % of the total number of flowers of all flowering species at this time. In early spring, the list of such species included 15 plant species belonging to 14 genera and 12 families. In this period, the decisive forage value (species whose flower share exceeded 10 % of all flowering flowers) was represented by 4 plant species: Cornus mas L., Corylus avellana L., Dentaria quinquefolia M. B. and Prunus divaricata Ledeb., the important value (the flowers share made <10 %, but >2.5 %) had 4 species: Ficaria verna Huds., Galanthus plicatus M. Bieb., Primula vulgaris Huds. and Scilla bifolia L. In spring, the forage base made up 20 plant species belonging to 18 genera and 7 families. Four species had decisive forage value: Cerasus avium L., Malus sylvestris L., Prunus spinosa L. and Pyrus elaeagrifolia Jacq., 7 species had important value: Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Fragaria vesca L., Lamium purpureum L., Crepis pulchra L., Prunus domestica L., Thlaspi arvense L. and Trifolium ambiguum M. Most of the species belonged to the Rosaceae family (10 species). In summer period, the forage basis comprised 20 species of melittophilic plants belonging to 19 genera and 9 families. 5 species had decisive value: Cichorium intybus L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Echium vulgare L., Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium ambiguum M., the important value had 7 species: Achillea millefolium L., Betonica officinalis L., Ballota nigra L., Centaurea diffusa Lam., Clematis vitalba L., Linaria vulgaris Mill. and Onobrychis sativa Lam. The representatives of the Asteraceae family (7 species) dominated; the representatives of Fabaceae (5 species) and Lamiaceae (4 species) also played a significant role. In autumn, there were the following food sources for honey bees: Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., Centaurea diffusa Lam., Erýngium campéstre L., Carduus crispus L., and on the steppe slopes of the mountains: Scilla autumnalis L. and Crocus speciosus M. B. It has been established that the greatest number of melittophilic plant species in the studied mountain-forest biogeocenoses grow on parcels of forest edges and glades, steppe slopes of the mountains in their natural state. Oak-hornbeam and floodplain tree-shrub parcels have a smaller variety of species, but are essential for bees in early spring and spring..

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