scholarly journals Wildlife Management Practices Associated with Pathogen Exposure in Non-Native Wild Pigs in Florida, U.S.

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Carr ◽  
Michael Milleson ◽  
Felipe Hernández ◽  
Hunter Merrill ◽  
Michael Avery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Land use influences disease emergence by changing the ecological dynamics of humans, wildlife, domestic animals, and pathogens. This is a central tenet of One Health, and one that is gaining momentum in wildlife management decision-making in the United States. Using almost 2000 serological samples collected from non-native wild pigs (Sus scrofa) throughout Florida (U.S.), we compared the prevalence and exposure risk of two directly transmitted pathogens, pseudorabies virus (PrV) and Brucella spp., to test the hypothesis that disease emergence would be positively correlated with one of the most basic wildlife management operations: Hunting. The seroprevalence of PrV-Brucella spp. coinfection or PrV alone was higher for wild pigs in land management areas that allowed hunting with dogs than in areas that culled animals using other harvest methods. This pattern did not hold for Brucella alone. The likelihood of exposure to PrV, but not Brucella spp., was also significantly higher among wild pigs at hunted sites than at sites where animals were culled. By failing to consider the impact of dog hunting on the emergence of non-native pathogens, current animal management practices have the potential to affect public health, the commercial livestock industry, and wildlife conservation.

scholarly journals Involving hybrid professionals in top management decision-making: How managerial training can make the difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Giacomelli ◽  
Francesca Ferré ◽  
Manuela Furlan ◽  
Sabina Nuti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Managerial Training ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clinical Directors

Hybrid professionals have a two-fold – professional and managerial – role, which requires appropriate management skills. Investing on managerial training programs aims to empower professionals with managerial skills and competencies. Does this pay back? Assessing the impact of such training programs is still a limited practice. This paper explores whether participation in managerial training programs in healthcare can enhance the involvement of hybrid professionals (namely, clinical directors) in top management decision-making. The mediational effects of knowledge of performance information and its use are explored. Survey data were collected from more than 3000 clinical directors of 69 public health authorities from five regional healthcare systems in Italy. Relationships between participation in managerial training programs, performance management practices (i.e., knowledge and use of performance information) and the level of clinicians’ involvement by the top management were studied using a three-path mediation analysis with structural equation modelling. Propensity score matching was also performed to mitigate selection bias. Knowledge and use of performance information positively mediate, both independently and sequentially, the relationship between clinical directors' participation in managerial training programs and the level of their involvement in decision-making. The results of the study suggest that managerial training can support hybrid professionals in engaging with managerialism and playing upward influence on top management decision-making.

scholarly journals Dispersal and Land Cover Contribute to Pseudorabies Virus Exposure in Invasive Wild Pigs

EcoHealth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. Hernández ◽  
Amanda N. Carr ◽  
Michael P. Milleson ◽  
Hunter R. Merrill ◽  
Michael L. Avery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Open Canopy

AbstractWe investigated the landscape epidemiology of a globally distributed mammal, the wild pig (Sus scrofa), in Florida (U.S.), where it is considered an invasive species and reservoir to pathogens that impact the health of people, domestic animals, and wildlife. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that two commonly cited factors in disease transmission, connectivity among populations and abundant resources, would increase the likelihood of exposure to both pseudorabies virus (PrV) and Brucella spp. (bacterial agent of brucellosis) in wild pigs across the Kissimmee Valley of Florida. Using DNA from 348 wild pigs and sera from 320 individuals at 24 sites, we employed population genetic techniques to infer individual dispersal, and an Akaike information criterion framework to compare candidate logistic regression models that incorporated both dispersal and land cover composition. Our findings suggested that recent dispersal conferred higher odds of exposure to PrV, but not Brucella spp., among wild pigs throughout the Kissimmee Valley region. Odds of exposure also increased in association with agriculture and open canopy pine, prairie, and scrub habitats, likely because of highly localized resources within those land cover types. Because the effect of open canopy on PrV exposure reversed when agricultural cover was available, we suggest that small-scale resource distribution may be more important than overall resource abundance. Our results underscore the importance of studying and managing disease dynamics through multiple processes and spatial scales, particularly for non-native pathogens that threaten wildlife conservation, economy, and public health.

scholarly journals Towards enhanced risk management: planning, decision making and monitoring of US wildfire response

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Dunn ◽  
David E. Calkin ◽  
Matthew P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Response Decisions

Wildfire’s economic, ecological and social impacts are on the rise, fostering the realisation that business-as-usual fire management in the United States is not sustainable. Current response strategies may be inefficient and contributing to unnecessary responder exposure to hazardous conditions, but significant knowledge gaps constrain clear and comprehensive descriptions of how changes in response strategies and tactics may improve outcomes. As such, we convened a special session at an international wildfire conference to synthesise ongoing research focused on obtaining a better understanding of wildfire response decisions and actions. This special issue provides a collection of research that builds on those discussions. Four papers focus on strategic planning and decision making, three papers on use and effectiveness of suppression resources and two papers on allocation and movement of suppression resources. Here we summarise some of the key findings from these papers in the context of risk-informed decision making. This collection illustrates the value of a risk management framework for improving wildfire response safety and effectiveness, for enhancing fire management decision making and for ushering in a new fire management paradigm.

Gender and Citizen Participation in Wildlife Management Decision Making

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISSA L. ANTHONY ◽  
BARBARA A. KNUTH ◽  
T. BRUCE LAUBER
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Management Decision Making

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Management Accounting Practices in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhashini Nair ◽  
Yee Soon Nian
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Organization Size ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Advanced Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Affect Management

Management accounting is the process of preparing management reports and accounts that provide accurate and timely, financial and statistical information to assist in management decision making. It is also known as the process of identifying, measuring, accumulating, analyzing, preparing, interpreting and communicating information to help managers fulfill the organization’s objectives. Management accounting practices are used by organizational managers at various levels and at the same time, it gives managers the freedom of choice as there are no constraints, other than the cost of information collected relative to benefits of improved management decisions. Studies have found that there are factors that may affect management accounting practices. Literature has indicated that factors such as--organization size, intensity of market competition, level of qualification of accounting staff and advanced production technology--may affect management accounting practices. The objective of this research is to study the impact of these factors on management accounting practices in Malaysia. A total of 200 respondents from Klang Valley, Malaysia were involved in the survey using purposive sampling. The results of the study revealed that organization size and advanced production technology have significant relationships with management accounting practices.

Air Emissions from the Incineration of Hazardous Waste

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Timothy Oppelt
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
State Level ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In the United States over the last ten years, concern over important disposal practices of the past has manifested itself in the passage of a series of federal and state-level hazardous waste cleanup and control statutes of unprecedented scope. The impact of these various statutes will be a significant modification of waste management practices. The more traditional and lowest cost methods of direct landfilling, storage in surface impoundments and deep-well injection will be replaced, in large measure, by waste minimization at the source of generation, waste reuse, physical/chemical/biological treatment, incinceration and chemical stabilization/solidification methods. Of all of the “terminal” treatment technologies, properly-designed incineration systems are capable of the highest overall degree of destruction and control for the broadest range of hazardous waste streams. Substantial design and operational experience exists and a wide variety of commercial systems are available. Consequently, significant growth is anticipated in the use of incineration and other thermal destruction methods. The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of knowledge regarding air emissions from hazardous waste incineration in an effort to put the associated technological and environmental issues into perspective.

scholarly journals Tallgrass Prairie Responses to Management Practices and Disturbances: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Wagle ◽  
Prasanna Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
The Impact

Adoption of better management practices is crucial to lessen the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on tallgrass prairie systems that contribute heavily for livestock production in several states of the United States. This article reviews the impacts of different common management practices and disturbances (e.g., fertilization, grazing, burning) and tallgrass prairie restoration on plant growth and development, plant species composition, water and nutrient cycles, and microbial activities in tallgrass prairie. Although nitrogen (N) fertilization increases aboveground productivity of prairie systems, several factors greatly influence the range of stimulation across sites. For example, response to N fertilization was more evident on frequently or annually burnt sites (N limiting) than infrequently burnt and unburnt sites (light limiting). Frequent burning increased density of C4 grasses and decreased plant species richness and diversity, while plant diversity was maximized under infrequent burning and grazing. Grazing increased diversity and richness of native plant species by reducing aboveground biomass of dominant grasses and increasing light availability for other species. Restored prairies showed lower levels of species richness and soil quality compared to native remnants. Infrequent burning, regular grazing, and additional inputs can promote species richness and soil quality in restored prairies. However, this literature review indicated that all prairie systems might not show similar responses to treatments as the response might be influenced by another treatment, timing of treatments, and duration of treatments (i.e., short-term vs. long-term). Thus, it is necessary to examine the long-term responses of tallgrass prairie systems to main and interacting effects of combination of management practices under diverse plant community and climatic conditions for a holistic assessment.

Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Tactics by Wisconsin Farmers

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa M. Hammond ◽  
Edward C. Luschei ◽  
Chris M. Boerboom ◽  
Pete J. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Large Farms

Agronomic research and extension personnel generally recognize the benefits of integrated pest management (IPM) but IPM practices have not been rapidly adopted by farmers. In order for applied research and extension programs to be as influential as possible, strategies and tactics must be evaluated in the context of the real-world constraints experienced by farmers. We investigated the linkage between farmers' pest management behaviors, attitudes, and constraints by analyzing an extensive corn pest management survey distributed throughout Wisconsin in 2002. Our objectives were to (1) create a benchmark against which future changes in pest management practices could be detected and (2) explore potential associations between practices and farm characteristics, e.g., farm size or commodity produced. A total of 213 farmers responded with descriptions of their operations; weed, insect, and disease pest management practices; crop consultant usage; interactions with their local agrichemical dealer; and attitudes regarding pest management decision-making. We compared the relative responses of cash-grain and dairy farmers as well as managers of large and small farms. Larger farm size and percentage of operation in cash-grain production were associated with an increased frequency of rotating crops, rotating herbicide families, and use of a broadcast herbicide application. Managers of large farms and/or cash-grain crops also more frequently indicated considering the level of pest control, price, carryover potential, weed resistance management, environmental safety, and risk to the applicator than did dairy or small-sized operations. Cash-grain farmers had significantly higher scores on a calculated IPM index than did dairy farmers (P < 0.0001). We also found a significant positive relationship between farm size and IPM score (P < 0.0001). Our results provide a benchmark for future comparisons of IPM adoption rates in Wisconsin and highlight the association between IPM research/extension and farmers' management behavior.

Loyalty card adoption in SME retailers: the impact upon marketing management

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 467-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karise Hutchinson ◽  
Lisa Victoria Donnell ◽  
Audrey Gilmore ◽  
Andrea Reid
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loyalty Card

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how small to medium-sized enterprise (SME) retailers adopt and implement a loyalty card programme as a marketing management decision-making tool. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative and longitudinal case study research design is adopted. Data were collected from multiple sources, incorporating semi-structured interviews and analysis of company documents and observation within a retail SME. Findings – The findings presented focus on the loyalty card adoption process to reflect both the organisational issues and impact upon marketing management decision-making. Research limitations/implications – This research is restricted to one region within the UK, investigating loyalty card adoption within a specific industry sector. Practical implications – SME retailers operate in an industry environment whereby there is a competitive demand for loyalty card programmes. SME retailers need to carefully consider how to match the firm’s characteristics with customer relationship management (CRM) operational requirements as highlighted in this case. Originality/value – The evidence presented extends current knowledge of retail loyalty card programmes beyond the context of large organisations to encompass SMEs. The study also illustrates the value of a structured, formal CRM system to help SME retailers compete in a complex, competitive and omni-channel marketplace, adding new insights into the retail literature.

scholarly journals Control and cost analysis in the process of management decision making for the commodities assortment

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Vladimir Osipov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of this work is determined by the further development of the management system and its information support that improve the economic entity’s activity and increase the competitiveness. The goal of this research is to develop a method for the most optimal commodities assortment formation, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the enterprise in the existing production conditions. Previously applied methods were oriented only to one of the methods of determining the commodities assortment, which prevented managers from choosing the most optimal option. The method of the optimal commodities assortment formation was proposed for the first time in this article while comparing the methods of its determination on products profitability and the limiting factor. The object of research is resource consumption in relation to certain commodities assortment manufactured by the enterprise operating in the measuring devices production sector. The article is focused on the methods of the integrated management cost analysis aimed at implementing the concept of the most complete and timely information support for the resource consumption control and regulation. General scientific and special research methods are used for the purpose of its implementation. The use of special methods of economic analysis made it possible to develop the economic model of costs estimation in the process of the most optimal commodities assortment formation.Conclusions and results of the research show that the efficiency of the industrial enterprise largely depends on rational resource consumption. The successful solution of this task largely depends on the correct commodities assortment formation. In view of this, methods for determining the commodities assortment based on the analysis of its profitability and assessing the impact of the limiting factor, taking into account the full load capacity, are proposed to be used.

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