scholarly journals Suppression of Type I Interferon Signaling by Flavivirus NS5

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Thurmond ◽  
Boxiao Wang ◽  
Jikui Song ◽  
Rong Hai
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Type I ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
First Line

Type I interferon (IFN-I) is the first line of mammalian host defense against viral infection. To counteract this, the flaviviruses, like other viruses, have encoded a variety of antagonists, and use a multi-layered molecular defense strategy to establish their infections. Among the most potent antagonists is non-structural protein 5 (NS5), which has been shown for all disease-causing flaviviruses to target different steps and players of the type I IFN signaling pathway. Here, we summarize the type I IFN antagonist mechanisms used by flaviviruses with a focus on the role of NS5 in regulating one key regulator of type I IFN, signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2).

scholarly journals Commensal bacteria promote type I interferon signaling to maintain immune tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Vasquez Ayala ◽  
Kazuhiko Matsuo ◽  
Chia-Yun Hsu ◽  
Marvic Carrillo Terrazas ◽  
Hiutung Chu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Physiological Processes

Type I interferons (IFN) play essential roles in numerous physiological processes, acting as central coordinators in the host response against pathogens. Upon sensing of microbial ligands, host cells rapidly activate the type I IFN response to prime innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent studies suggest tonic IFN are maintained by commensal microbes and critical in mounting an effective immune response to viral pathogens. Further, emerging developments have extended an immunoregulatory role of type I IFN in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Yet whether immunomodulatory bacteria from the gut microbiota operate through IFN signaling to promote immune tolerance remains largely unanswered. Here we show that commensal microbes are necessary to maintain type I IFN responses in intestinal tissues. Specifically, Bacteroides fragilis induced type I IFN response in dendritic cells (DCs) and this pathway is necessary for the induction of IL-10-producing Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). In addition, we show upregulation of type I IFN related genes in Tregs from mesenteric lymph nodes and colonic lamina propria of mice colonized with B. fragilis. Our findings demonstrate type I interferon signaling plays an important role in microbiota-mediated immune tolerance in the gut.

scholarly journals Defining the Role of Type I Interferon Signaling in the Increased Accumulation of Versican in Lungs of Mice Exposed to Influenza Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jourdan Brune ◽  
Mary Chang ◽  
Jessica Felgenhauer ◽  
Brian Johnson ◽  
Megan Larmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signaling

scholarly journals Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Inflammatory Role of Type I Interferon Signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Goldman-Israelow ◽  
Eric Song ◽  
Tianyang Mao ◽  
Peiwen Lu ◽  
Amit Meir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signaling

scholarly journals Role of the Intracellular Domain of the Human Type I Interferon Receptor 2 Chain (IFNAR2c) in Interferon Signaling

2000 ◽  
Vol 275 (31) ◽  
pp. 23981-23985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Russell-Harde ◽  
T. Charis Wagner ◽  
M. R. Sandhya Rani ◽  
David Vogel ◽  
Oscar Colamonici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
Intracellular Domain ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Interferon Receptor

scholarly journals The X proteins of bornaviruses interfere with type I interferon signalling

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Johansson Wensman ◽  
Muhammad Munir ◽  
Srinivas Thaduri ◽  
Katarina Hörnaeus ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
X Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reporter Assays ◽  
Interferon Signalling

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, negative-stranded RNA virus causing persistent infection and progressive neurological disorders in a wide range of warm-blooded animals. The role of the small non-structural X protein in viral pathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we investigated whether the X protein of BDV and avian bornavirus (ABV) interferes with the type I interferon (IFN) system, similar to other non-structural proteins of negative-stranded RNA viruses. In luciferase reporter assays, we found that the X protein of various bornaviruses interfered with the type I IFN system at all checkpoints investigated, in contrast to previously reported findings, resulting in reduced type I IFN secretion.

scholarly journals Role of p38α Map Kinase in Type I Interferon Signaling

2003 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. 970-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Li ◽  
Antonella Sassano ◽  
Beata Majchrzak ◽  
Dilip K. Deb ◽  
David E. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
P38α Map Kinase

scholarly journals Role of NLRs in the Regulation of Type I Interferon Signaling, Host Defense and Tolerance to Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kienes ◽  
Tanja Weidl ◽  
Nora Mirza ◽  
Mathias Chamaillard ◽  
Thomas A. Kufer
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Interferon Responses

Type I interferon signaling contributes to the development of innate and adaptive immune responses to either viruses, fungi, or bacteria. However, amplitude and timing of the interferon response is of utmost importance for preventing an underwhelming outcome, or tissue damage. While several pathogens evolved strategies for disturbing the quality of interferon signaling, there is growing evidence that this pathway can be regulated by several members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, although the precise mechanism for most of these remains elusive. NLRs consist of a family of about 20 proteins in mammals, which are capable of sensing microbial products as well as endogenous signals related to tissue injury. Here we provide an overview of our current understanding of the function of those NLRs in type I interferon responses with a focus on viral infections. We discuss how NLR-mediated type I interferon regulation can influence the development of auto-immunity and the immune response to infection.

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