scholarly journals Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Individual Composition and Dynamics of Anelloviruses during Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Recipient Management

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Bal ◽  
Clémentine Sarkozy ◽  
Laurence Josset ◽  
Valérie Cheynet ◽  
Guy Oriol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Over recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of the anelloviruses, the major component of the human virome, for the prediction of post-transplant complications such as severe infections. Due to an important diversity, the comprehensive characterization of this viral family over time has been poorly studied. To overcome this challenge, we used a metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach with the aim of determining the individual anellovirus profile of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) patients. We conducted a prospective pilot study on a homogeneous patient cohort regarding the chemotherapy regimens that included 10 ASCT recipients. A validated viral mNGS workflow was used on 108 plasma samples collected at 11 time points from diagnosis to 90 days post-transplantation. A complex interindividual variability in terms of abundance and composition was noticed. In particular, a strong sex effect was found and confirmed using quantitative PCR targeting torque teno virus, the most abundant anellovirus. Interestingly, an important turnover in the anellovirus composition was observed during the course of the disease revealing a strong intra-individual variability. Although more studies are needed to better understand anellovirus dynamics, these findings are of prime importance for their future use as biomarkers of immune competence.

scholarly journals Potential for Monitoring Gut Microbiota for Diagnosing Infections and Graft-versus-Host Disease in Cancer and Stem Cell Transplant Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Y Koh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract BACKGROUND Gut microbiota, the collective community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestine, have been shown to provide many beneficial functions for the host. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and advanced molecular biology approaches have allowed researchers to identify gut microbiota signatures associated with disease processes and, in some cases, establish causality and elucidate underlying mechanisms. CONTENT This report reviews 3 commonly used methods for studying the gut microbiota and microbiome (the collective genomes of the gut microorganisms): 16S rRNA gene sequencing, bacterial group or species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS). The technical approaches and resources needed for each approach are outlined, and advantages and disadvantages for each approach are summarized. The findings regarding the role of the gut microbiota in the health of patients with cancer and stem cell transplant (SCT) patients (specifically in modulating the development of gut-derived bacterial infections and a posttransplant immune-mediated complication known as graft-vs-host-disease) are reviewed. Finally, there is discussion of the potential viability of these approaches in the actual clinical treatment of cancer and SCT patients. SUMMARY Advances in next-generation sequencing have revolutionized our understanding of the importance of the gut microbiome to human health. Both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MSS are currently too labor-intensive or computationally burdensome to incorporate into real-time clinical monitoring of gut microbiomes. Yet, the lessons learned from these technologies could be adapted to currently used methods (e.g., qPCR) that could then be rigorously tested in the clinical care of these patients.

scholarly journals Plasma Cell–Free DNA Next-Generation Sequencing to Diagnose and Monitor Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Fung ◽  
Simona Zompi ◽  
Hon Seng ◽  
Desiree Hollemon ◽  
Adama Parham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are at risk for common and atypical infections. Superior diagnostics can decrease infection-related morbidity and mortality. A novel plasma cell–free DNA next-generation sequencing test detected an uncommon presentation of Chlamydia trachomatis and recurrent and metastatic complications of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia before standard microbiology.

scholarly journals The Cost Effectiveness of Delaying Filgrastim Administration after Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Patients with Multiple Myeloma - a Single Institution Experience

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4959-4959
Author(s):  
Georgio Medawar ◽  
Audrik Perez Rodriguez ◽  
Caroline Cerio ◽  
Todd F. Roberts ◽  
Kapil Meleveedu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Late Initiation ◽  
Early Cohort ◽  
Neutrophil Engraftment

Abstract Background ASCO clinical guidelines recommends administration of WBC growth factors after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) to reduce the duration of severe neutropenia (Smith TJ et al., Recommendations for the use of WBC growth factors: American society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol, 33(28):3199-3212, 2015). But there is conflicting data regarding the optimal timing of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) initiation post-transplantation and a lack of recent cost effectiveness analysis. Based on single center studies showing similar results between an early approach and a delayed one, we changed our institutional standard to a delayed strategy since June 2020. Methods We retrospectively compared the outcomes of adult multiple myeloma ASCT patients who received G-CSF either on day 2 (early) or day 5 (late) at Roger Williams Medical Center. Sixteen consecutive patients received day 2 G-CSF between July 2018 and June 2020 (D+2 cohort) while seven received day 5 since implementing the change in June 2020 (D+5 cohort). The doses of G-CSF given were 300 mcg, 480 mcg, 600 mcg or 960 mcg. One-way factorial ANOVA and Fit Y by X was used for comparison of variables. Descriptive statistics were used where appropriate. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between the D+2 and D+5 cohorts (median age 62 vs 63 years, median CD34+cells 4.01 vs 4.54 x10 6/kg respectively). The median number of prior treatments, conditioning intensity, disease status at transplant and G-CSF doses were similar in both cohorts. Median ANC at G-CSF initiation was different (3300 in D+2 vs 100 in D+5). The median follow-up for survivors was 215 days for D+5 cohort (range: 135-404 days) and 699 days for D+2 cohort (range: 418-923 days). The results are summarized in table 1. For the primary outcome, median time to neutrophil engraftment was 13 days versus 10 days in the early and late cohorts, respectively (p=0.07). Median days from administration of GCSF to hospital discharge was noted to be shorter in the late cohort (13 vs 17.5 days, p=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of febrile neutropenia or transfusion requirements with late initiation of G-CSF. While engraftment syndrome and duration of antibiotics were noted to be more in the early cohort, these were not statistically significant. Median length of hospital stay was a day and half shorter in the late cohort. 6-month OS favored the D+5 cohort (p=0.03); this was likely due to transplant related deaths in early cohort. The average cost saving per patient by implementing the late strategy was 887.4 $. Conclusions Late initiation of G-CSF following autologous ASCT in patients with multiple myeloma was associated with a shorter time to neutrophil engraftment and length of stay post transplantation with no difference in overall outcomes. Cost benefit analysis favors delaying initiation of GCSF for autologous SCT at our center. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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