scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Fermented Ginseng Extracts against a Broad Range of Influenza Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Wang ◽  
Yu-Jin Jung ◽  
Ki-Hye Kim ◽  
Youngman Kwon ◽  
Yu-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Fermented Ginseng ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Primary Virus

Ginseng products used as herb nutritional supplements are orally consumed and fermented to ginsenoside compounds by the intestinal microbes. In this study, we investigated antiviral protective effects of fermented ginseng extracts against different strains of influenza viruses in genetically diverse mouse models. Intranasal coinoculation of mice with fermented ginseng extract and influenza virus improved survival rates and conferred protection against H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N9 strains, with the efficacy dependent on the dose of ginseng samples. Antiviral protection by fermented ginseng extract was observed in different genetic backgrounds of mice and in the deficient conditions of key adaptive immune components (CD4, CD8, B cell, MHCII). The mice that survived primary virus inoculation with fermented ginseng extract developed immunity against the secondary infection with homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. In vitro cell culture experiments showed moderate virus neutralizing activity by fermented ginseng extract, probably by inhibiting hemagglutination and neuraminidase activity. This study suggests that fermented ginseng extracts might provide a means to treat influenza disease regardless of virus strains.

scholarly journals Differential Sensitivity of Well-Differentiated Avian Respiratory Epithelial Cells to Infection by Different Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (17) ◽  
pp. 8949-8952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Abd El Rahman ◽  
Christine Winter ◽  
Ali El-Kenawy ◽  
Ulrich Neumann ◽  
Georg Herrler
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Different Strains

ABSTRACT Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian coronavirus affecting the respiratory tract of chickens. To analyze IBV infection of the lower respiratory tract, we applied a technique that uses precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs). This method allows infection of bronchial cells within their natural tissue composition under in vitro conditions. We demonstrate that IBV strains 4/91, Italy02, and QX infect ciliated and mucus-producing cells of the bronchial epithelium, whereas cells of the parabronchial tissue are resistant to infection. This is the first study, using PCLSs of chicken origin, to analyze virus infection. PCLSs should also be a valuable tool for investigation of other respiratory pathogens, such as avian influenza viruses.

Short-term injection of antiapoptotic cytokine combinations soon after lethal γ-irradiation promotes survival

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 2609-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Hérodin ◽  
Philippe Bourin ◽  
Jean-François Mayol ◽  
Jean-Jacques Lataillade ◽  
Michel Drouet
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Better Than

Recovery from radiation-induced (RI) myelosuppression depends on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell survival and the active proliferation/differentiation process, which requires early cytokine support. Single cytokine or late-acting growth factor therapy has proved to be inefficient in ensuring reconstitution after severe RI damage. This work was aimed at evaluating the in vivo survival effect of combinations of early-acting cytokines whose antiapoptotic activity has been demonstrated in vitro: stem cell factor (SCF [S]), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3 ligand [F]), thrombopoietin (TPO [T]), interleukin-3 (IL-3 [3]), and stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1). B6D2F1 mice underwent total body irradiation at 8 Gy cesium Cs 137 γ radiation (ie, lethal dose 90% at 30 days) and were treated soon after irradiation, at 2 hours and at 24 hours, with recombinant murine cytokines, each given intraperitoneally at 50 μg/kg per injection. All treatments induced 30-day survival rates significantly higher than control (survival rate, 8.3%). 4F (SFT3) and 5F (4F + SDF-1) were the most efficient combinations (81.2% and 87.5%, respectively), which was better than 3F (SFT, 50%), TPO alone (58.3%), and SDF-1 alone (29.2%) and also better than 4F given at 10 μg/kg per injection (4F10, 45.8%) or as a 50 μg/kg single injection at 2 hours (4Fs, 62.5%). Despite delayed death occurring mainly from day 150 on and possible long-term hematopoiesis impairment, half the 30-day protective effects of 4F and 5F were preserved at 300 days. Our results show that short- and long-term survival after irradiation depends on appropriate multiple cytokine combinations and at optimal concentrations. The proposal is made that an emergency cytokine regimen could be applied to nuclear accident victims as part of longer cytokine treatment, cell therapy, or both.

Effect of freeze-drying on viability andin vitroprobiotic properties of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A Bolla ◽  
María de los Angeles Serradell ◽  
Patricio J de Urraza ◽  
Graciela L De Antoni
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Lactobacillus Kefir ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Strains

The effect of freeze-drying on viability and probiotic properties of a microbial mixture containing selected bacterial and yeast strains isolated from kefir grains (Lactobacillus kefir,Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactococcus lactis,Saccharomyces cerevisiaeandKluyveromyces marxianus) was studied. The microorganisms were selected according to their potentially probiotic propertiesin vitroalready reported. Two types of formulations were performed, a microbial mixture (MM) suspended in milk and a milk product fermented with MM (FMM). To test the effect of storage on viability of microorganisms, MM and FMM were freeze-dried and maintained at 4°C for six months. After 180 days of storage at 4°C, freeze-dried MM showed better survival rates for each strain than freeze-dried FMM. The addition of sugars (trehalose or sucrose) did not improve the survival rates of any of the microorganisms after freeze-drying. Freeze-drying did not affect the capacity of MM to inhibit growth ofShigella sonnei in vitro, since the co-incubation of this pathogen with freeze-dried MM produced a decrease of 2 log inShigellaviability. The safety of freeze-dried MM was tested in mice and non-translocation of microorganisms to liver or spleen was observed in BALB/c mice feedad libitumduring 7 or 20 days. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the effect of freeze-drying on viability,in vitroprobiotic properties and microbial translocation of a mixture containing different strains of both bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Novel Lactobacillaceae Strains Isolated from Chicken Caeca against Necrotic Enteritis Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidences

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Nuria Vieco-Saiz ◽  
Yanath Belguesmia ◽  
Ruth Raspoet ◽  
Eric Auclair ◽  
Connor Padgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Infected Chicken ◽  
Significant Survival

The present study aimed to show the benefits of novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from the caeca of healthy chickens. These novel strains, identified as Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Ligilactobacillus salivarius, displayed high levels of lactic acid production, capability of biofilm formation, high aggregation and adhesion scores, and significant survival rates under conditions mimicking the chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, these novel Lactobacillaceae isolates were neither hemolytic nor cytotoxic. In vivo trials were able to establish their ability to reduce necrotic enteritis. Notably, a significant weight gain was registered, on day 10 of treatment, in the group of chickens fed with a mixture of L. reuteri ICVB416 and L. salivarius ICVB430 strains, as compared with the control group. This group has also shown a reduced number of lesions in the gut compared with other infected chicken groups. This study provides in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the benefits of these novel Lactobacillaceae isolates for their use in poultry livestock as protective cultures to control the bacterial necrotic enteritis (NE) Clostridium perfringens.

scholarly journals Red Ginseng Oil Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Offers Protection against Ultraviolet-Induced Photo Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
H. M. Arif Ullah ◽  
Yuan Yee Lee ◽  
Minki Kim ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Evelyn Saba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Ginseng Extract

Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-known herbal medicine that has been used for a long time in Korea to treat various diseases. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo protective effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and red ginseng oil (RGO). Liver injury was produced in BALB/c mice by 400 mg/kg of acetaminophen intraperitoneal injection. The antioxidant effects of RGE and RGO on the free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2 ′ -azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were measured. In addition, the hepatoprotective activities of RGE and RGO on liver markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in serum and histopathological analysis, were evaluated. The protective effect of RGO on UV-induced phototoxicity was also evaluated in Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line. RGE and RGO effectively inhibited the radicals DPPH and ABTS compared with ascorbic acid and trolox, respectively. Moreover, RGE and RGO significantly decreased the liver enzyme (ALT and AST) levels, increased the antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) levels, and decreased the DNA oxidation product (8-OHdG) content in mice serum. RGO also exhibited protective effect against UV irradiation compared with chlorpromazine hydrochloride, a known phototoxic drug, in Balb/c 3T3 cell line. RGE and RGO possess antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in mice, and RGO exerts nonphototoxic activity in Balb/c 3T3 cells.

scholarly journals In Vitro Generation of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance in A(H5N1) Influenza Viruses

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 4433-4440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeron C. Hurt ◽  
Jessica K. Holien ◽  
Ian G. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitor ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
H5n1 Influenza ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance

ABSTRACT To identify mutations that can arise in highly pathogenic A(H5N1) viruses under neuraminidase inhibitor selective pressure, two antigenically different strains were serially passaged with increasing levels of either oseltamivir or zanamivir. Under oseltamivir pressure, both A(H5N1) viruses developed a H274Y neuraminidase mutation, although in one strain the mutation occurred in combination with an I222M neuraminidase mutation. The H274Y neuraminidase mutation reduced oseltamivir susceptibility significantly (900- to 2,500-fold compared to the wild type). However the dual H274Y/I222M neuraminidase mutation had an even greater impact on resistance, with oseltamivir susceptibility reduced significantly further (8,000-fold compared to the wild type). A similar affect on oseltamivir susceptibility was observed when the dual H274Y/I222M mutations were introduced, by reverse genetics, into a recombinant seasonal human A(H1N1) virus and also when an alternative I222 substitution (I222V) was generated in combination with H274Y in A(H5N1) and A(H1N1) viruses. These viruses remained fully susceptible to zanamivir but demonstrated reduced susceptibility to peramivir. Following passage of the A(H5N1) viruses in the presence of zanamivir, the strains developed a D198G neuraminidase mutation, which reduced susceptibility to both zanamivir and oseltamivir, and also an E119G neuraminidase mutation, which demonstrated significantly reduced zanamivir susceptibility (1,400-fold compared to the wild type). Mutations in hemagglutinin residues implicated in receptor binding were also detected in many of the resistant strains. This study identified the mutations that can arise in A(H5N1) under either oseltamivir or zanamivir selective pressure and the potential for dual neuraminidase mutations to result in dramatically reduced drug susceptibility.

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

Protective effects of Dioscorea membranacea rhizome ethanolic extract against doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ratanavalachai ◽  
S Thitiorul ◽  
A Itharat ◽  
N Runraksa ◽  
S Ruangnoo
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Protective Effects

Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content and Hematoprotective Effects of Cleome arabica Polyphenolic Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tigrine ◽  
A. Kameli
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Cleome Arabica

In this study a polyphenolic extract from Cleome arabica leaves (CALE) was investigated for its antioxidant activity in vitro using DPPH•, metal chelating and reducing power methods and for its protective effects against AraC-induced hematological toxicity in vivo using Balb C mice. Results indicated that CALE exhibited a strong and dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH• free radical (IC50 = 4.88 μg/ml) and a high reducing power activity (EC50 = 4.85 μg/ml). Furthermore, it showed a good chelating effects against ferrous ions (IC50 = 377.75 μg/ml). The analysis of blood showed that subcutaneous injection of AraC (50 mg/kg) to mice during three consecutive days caused a significant myelosupression (P < 0.05). The combination of CALE and AraC protected blood cells from a veritable toxicity. Where, the number of the red cells, the amount of hemoglobin and the percentage of the hematocrite were significantly high. On the other hand, AraC cause an elevation of body temperature (39 °C) in mice. However, the temperature of the group treated with CALE and AraC remained normal and did not exceed 37.5 °C. The observed biological effects of CALE, in vitro as well as in vivo, could be due to the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activity of CALE suggested to be responsible for its hematoprotective effect.

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