scholarly journals Virucidal and Synergistic Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts of Seaweeds against Measles Virus

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Morán-Santibañez ◽  
Mario Peña-Hernández ◽  
Lucia Cruz-Suárez ◽  
Denis Ricque-Marie ◽  
Rachid Skouta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Sulphated Polysaccharides ◽  
Eisenia Arborea ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Assay Time ◽  
Virucidal Effect ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Solieria Filiformis

Although preventable by vaccination, Measles still causes thousands of deaths among young children worldwide. The discovery of new antivirals is a good approach to control new outbreaks that cause such death. In this study, we tested the antiviral activity against Measles virus (MeV) of Polyphenol-rich extracts (PPs) coming from five seaweeds collected and cultivated in Mexico. An MTT assay was performed to determine cytotoxicity effect, and antiviral activity was measured by syncytia reduction assay and confirmed by qPCR. PPs from Ecklonia arborea (formerly Eisenia arborea, Phaeophyceae) and Solieria filiformis (Rhodophyta) showed the highest Selectivity Index (SI), >3750 and >576.9 respectively. Both PPs extracts were selected to the subsequent experiments owing to their high efficacy and low cytotoxicity compared with ribavirin (SI of 11.57). The combinational effect of PPs with sulphated polysaccharides (SPs) and ribavirin were calculated by using Compusyn software. Synergistic activity was observed by combining both PPs with low concentrations of Solieria filiformis SPs (0.01 µg/mL). The antiviral activity of the best combinations was confirmed by qPCR. Virucidal assay, time of addition, and viral penetration evaluations suggested that PPs act mainly by inactivating the viral particle. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the virucidal effect of Polyphenol-rich extracts of seaweeds.

scholarly journals Virucidal Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Chemistry Using Garlic Extract

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra A. Meléndez-Villanueva ◽  
Karla Morán-Santibañez ◽  
Juan J. Martínez-Sanmiguel ◽  
Raúl Rangel-López ◽  
Marco A. Garza-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Virucidal Effect ◽  
Health Organization

Measles virus (MeV) is a paramyxovirus that infects humans, principally children. Despite the existence of an effective and safe vaccine, the number of cases of measles has increased due to lack of vaccination coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the number of cases worldwide multiplied fourfold between January and March 2019, to 112,000. Today, there is no treatment available for MeV. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that natural extracts (herbal or algal) with antiviral activity can also work as reducing agents that, in combination with nanotechnology, offer an innovative option to counteract viral infections. Here, we synthetized and evaluated the antiviral activity of gold nanoparticles using garlic extract (Allium sativa) as a reducing agent (AuNPs-As). These nanoparticles actively inhibited MeV replication in Vero cells at a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 8.829 µg/mL, and the selectivity index (SI) obtained was 16.05. AuNPs-As likely inhibit viral infection by blocking viral particles directly, showing a potent virucidal effect. Gold nanoparticles may be useful as a promising strategy for treating and controlling the infection of MeV and other related enveloped viruses.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Mexican Seaweeds against Measles Virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Morán-Santibañez ◽  
Lucia Elizabeth Cruz-Suárez ◽  
Denis Ricque-Marie ◽  
Daniel Robledo ◽  
Yolanda Freile-Pelegrín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Eisenia Arborea ◽  
Pelvetia Compressa ◽  
Solieria Filiformis

Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted from five seaweed samples collected or cultivated in Mexico (Macrocystis pyrifera,Eisenia arborea,Pelvetia compressa,Ulva intestinalis, andSolieria filiformis) were tested in this study in order to evaluate their effect on measles virusin vitro. All polysaccharides showed antiviral activity (as measured by the reduction of syncytia formation) and low cytotoxicity (MTT assay) at inhibitory concentrations. SPs fromEisenia arboreaandSolieria filiformisshowed the highest antiviral activities (confirmed by qPCR) and were selected to determine their combined effect. Their synergistic effect was observed at low concentrations (0.0274 μg/mL and 0.011 μg/mL ofE. arboreaandS. filiformisSPs, resp.), which exhibited by far a higher inhibitory effect (96% syncytia reduction) in comparison to the individual SP effects (50% inhibition with 0.275 μg/mL and 0.985 μg/mL ofE. arboreaandS. filiformis, resp.). Time of addition experiments and viral penetration assays suggest that best activities of these SPs occur at different stages of infection. The synergistic effect would allow reducing the treatment dose and toxicity and minimizing or delaying the induction of antiviral resistance; sulfated polysaccharides of the tested seaweed species thus appear as promising candidates for the development of natural antiviral agents.

Comparison of cis and trans-Platinum Mononucleobase Compounds with DNA and Protein Models

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Strukl ◽  
Queite A. de Paula ◽  
Xiaohong Yang ◽  
Yun Qu ◽  
Nicholas P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Protein Models

Reactions of 5′-guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP) and N-acetylmethionine (N-ac-l-Met) with the mononucleobase compounds, cis-[PtCl(L)n(9-EtGH)]+ (L = NH3, 4-pic, n = 2; L = en, n = 1) in a 1:1 molar ratio have been studied in aqueous solutions at pH 7.3 using 1H and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy. There is a high kinetic preference for sulfur over nitrogen binding. These results are compared with the trans isomers. Based on low cytotoxicity and a high sulfur/nitrogen preference the cis isomers may also present suitable features for antiviral activity through interaction with specific proteins.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705) against a Broad Range of ParamyxovirusesIn Vitroand against Human Metapneumovirus in Hamsters

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 4620-4629 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jochmans ◽  
S. van Nieuwkoop ◽  
S. L. Smits ◽  
J. Neyts ◽  
R. A. M. Fouchier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACTThe clinical impact of infections with respiratory viruses belonging to the familyParamyxoviridaeargues for the development of antiviral therapies with broad-spectrum activity. Favipiravir (T-705) has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against multiple RNA virus families and is presently in clinical evaluation for the treatment of influenza. Here we demonstratein vitroactivity of T-705 against the paramyxoviruses human metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, and avian metapneumovirus. In addition, we demonstrate activity against HMPV in hamsters. T-705 treatment inhibited replication of all paramyxoviruses testedin vitro, with 90% effective concentration (EC90) values of 8 to 40 μM. Treatment of HMPV-challenged hamsters with T-705 at 200 mg/kg of body weight/day resulted in 100% protection from infection of the lungs. In all treated and challenged animals, viral RNA remained detectable in the respiratory tract. The observation that T-705 treatment had a significant effect on infectious viral titers, with a limited effect on viral genome titers, is in agreement with its proposed mode of action of viral mutagenesis. However, next-generation sequencing of viral genomes isolated from treated and challenged hamsters did not reveal (hyper)mutation. Polymerase activity assays revealed a specific effect of T-705 on the activity of the HMPV polymerase. With the reported antiviral activity of T-705 against a broad range of RNA virus families, this small molecule is a promising broad-range antiviral drug candidate for limiting the viral burden of paramyxoviruses and for evaluation for treatment of infections with (re)emerging viruses, such as the henipaviruses.

scholarly journals Interferon as a mediator of human lymphocyte suppression.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Kadish ◽  
F A Tansey ◽  
G S Yu ◽  
A T Doyle ◽  
B R Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Suppressor Cell ◽  
Con A ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Suppressor Activity

Evidence is presented that interferon (IF) is a major mediator of the human concanavalin A (Con A) suppressor cell. The suppressive effects of Con A-activated lymphocytes on the mitogen responses of normal responder cells were largely abrogated by addition of anti-human leukocyte IF serum. Similar suppressor activity was generated by coculture of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) with a melanoma cell line (MeWo) and a HeLa cell line persistently infected with measles virus that induced the production of IF by lymphocytes. A human mammary carcinoma line (MCF-7) and two bladder carcinoma lines (T24 and TCCSUP) failed to induce IF or suppression. Addition of anti-human leukocyte IF serum to suppressor cells and supernates from tumor cell-lymphocyte cocultures largely abolished suppression and neutralized the antiviral activity of such supernates. Exposure of PBL from purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive donors to PPD caused the production of suppressor activity and IF. PBL from PPD-negative donors failed to produce significant amounts of IF or to suppress on exposure to PPD. Supernates from PBL treated with virus (Newcastle disease virus [NDV]) contained IF and suppressed the mitogen responses of responder PBL. Both the suppressive and the antiviral activities of this material were eliminated after treatment with anti-IF serum. To ascertain whether antiviral and suppressive activities were mediated by the same types of IF, supernates from PBL cultured with Con A, PPD, NDV, and tumor cells were treated with anti-IF serum or acid pH. In all cases antiviral activity was neutralized in parallel with abrogation of suppressor activity. These results provide strong evidence for the role of IF as a mediator of human suppressor cell activity.

scholarly journals The amyloidogenicity of the influenza virus PB1-derived peptide sheds light on its antiviral activity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana A. Zabrodskaya ◽  
Dmitry V. Lebedev ◽  
Marja A. Egorova ◽  
Aram A. Shaldzhyan ◽  
Alexey V. Shvetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Polymerase Complex ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Promising Target

AbstractThe influenza virus polymerase complex is a promising target for new antiviral drug development. It is known that, within the influenza virus polymerase complex, the PB1 subunit region from the 1st to the 25th amino acid residues has to be is in an alpha-helical conformation for proper interaction with the PA subunit. We have previously shown that PB1(6–13) peptide at low concentrations is able to interact with the PB1 subunit N-terminal region in a peptide model which shows aggregate formation and antiviral activity in cell cultures.In this paper, it was shown that PB1(6–13) peptide is prone to form the amyloid-like fibrillar aggregates. The peptide homo-oligomerization kinetics were examined, and the affinity and characteristic interaction time of PB1(6–13) peptide monomers and the influenza virus polymerase complex PB1 subunit N-terminal region were evaluated by the SPR and TR-SAXS methods. Based on the data obtained, a hypothesis about the PB1(6–13) peptide mechanism of action was proposed: the peptide in its monomeric form is capable of altering the conformation of the PB1 subunit N-terminal region, causing a change from an alpha helix to a beta structure. This conformational change disrupts PB1 and PA subunit interaction and, by that mechanism, the peptide displays antiviral activity.Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Inhibition of Zika Virus by Marine Algae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Cirne-Santos ◽  
Caroline De Souza Barros ◽  
Caio Cesar Richter Nogueira ◽  
Renata Mendonça Campos ◽  
Valéria Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sulphated Polysaccharides ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent

For many years marine algae has been subject of numerous researches and as a source of natural products with antiviral activity, such as terpenes, alkaloids and sulphated polysaccharides. However, the anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) potential of algae has not been studied. In this study we evaluated extracts seven species of the three major classes of seaweeds (Phaeophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Rhodophyceae) against ZIKV. All seaweeds tested are native of the Brazilian coast, except for Kappaphycus alvarezii that can be cultivated. ZIKV a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has become a public health problem. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of cases and a strong association between ZIKV outbreak and the spread of cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and microcephaly. All seaweed extracts tested in this work inhibits ZIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Caulerpa racemosa, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Osmundaria obtusiloba extracts were able to inhibit viral replication at low concentrations with EC50 values ranging from 1.38 to 1.98 µg/mL. We observed that O. obtusiloba presented a significant virucidal effect. Our results suggest that extracts of C. racemosa, K. alvarezii and O. obtusiloba presented very promising results, being excellent candidates for further studies, demonstrating that marine algae are an interesting source for the development of novel anti-ZIKV agents.

scholarly journals Design and Characterization of Cholesterylated Peptide HIV-1/2 Fusion Inhibitors with Extremely Potent and Long-Lasting Antiviral Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanmei Zhu ◽  
Huihui Chong ◽  
Danwei Yu ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Yusen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Fusion Inhibitors ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT HIV infection requires lifelong treatment with multiple antiretroviral drugs in a combination, which ultimately causes cumulative toxicities and drug resistance, thus necessitating the development of novel antiviral agents. We recently found that enfuvirtide (T-20)-based lipopeptides conjugated with fatty acids have dramatically increased in vitro and in vivo anti-HIV activities. Herein, a group of cholesterol-modified fusion inhibitors were characterized with significant findings. First, novel cholesterylated inhibitors, such as LP-83 and LP-86, showed the most potent activity in inhibiting divergent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Second, the cholesterylated inhibitors were highly active to inhibit T-20-resistant mutants that still conferred high resistance to the fatty acid derivatives. Third, the cholesterylated inhibitors had extremely potent activity to block HIV envelope (Env)-mediated cell-cell fusion, especially a truncated minimum lipopeptide (LP-95), showing a greatly increased potency relative to its inhibition on virus infection. Fourth, the cholesterylated inhibitors efficiently bound to both the cellular and viral membranes to exert their antiviral activities. Fifth, the cholesterylated inhibitors displayed low cytotoxicity and binding capacity with human serum albumin. Sixth, we further demonstrated that LP-83 exhibited extremely potent and long-lasting anti-HIV activity in rhesus monkeys. Taken together, the present results help our understanding on the mechanism of action of lipopeptide-based viral fusion inhibitors and facilitate the development of novel anti-HIV drugs. IMPORTANCE The peptide drug enfuvirtide (T-20) remains the only membrane fusion inhibitor available for treatment of viral infection, which is used in combination therapy of HIV-1 infection; however, it exhibits relatively low antiviral activity and a genetic barrier to inducing resistance, calling for the continuous development for novel anti-HIV agents. In this study, we report cholesterylated fusion inhibitors showing the most potent and broad anti-HIV activities to date. The new inhibitors have been comprehensively characterized for their modes of action and druggability, including small size, low cytotoxicity, binding ability to human serum albumin (HSA), and, especially, extremely potent and long-lasting antiviral activity in rhesus monkeys. Therefore, the present studies have provided new drug candidates for clinical development, which can also be used as tools to probe the mechanisms of viral entry and inhibition.

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of the antiviral activity of Cajanus cajan on measles virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. U. Nwodo ◽  
A. A. Ngene ◽  
C. U. Iroegbu ◽  
O. A. L. Onyedikachi ◽  
V. N. Chigor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

scholarly journals Combination of Measles Virus Virotherapy and Radiation Therapy Has Synergistic Activity in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 7155-7165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Liu ◽  
Jann N. Sarkaria ◽  
Cory A. Petell ◽  
Georgia Paraskevakou ◽  
Paula J. Zollman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Synergistic Activity
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