scholarly journals Surface Hardening of Massive Steel Products in the Low-pressure Glow Discharge Plasma

Technologies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Grigoriev ◽  
Alexander Metel ◽  
Marina Volosova ◽  
Yury Melnik ◽  
Htet Ney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

A process vacuum chamber is filled with a homogeneous plasma of glow discharge with electrostatic electron confinement, which is used for surface hardening of massive products. At the current of 2–20 A and the gas pressure ranging from 0.1 to 1 Pa the discharge voltage amounts to 350–500 V. When a bias voltage of 2 kV is applied to an immersed in the plasma hollow cylinder with a mass of 15 kg, electrical power spent on heating it by accelerated ions exceeds by an order of magnitude the power spent on the discharge maintenance. The massive cylinder is heated up to 700 °C for 15 min. When argon mixture with nitrogen (30%) is used, the nitriding for 3h results in an increase in the surface hardness from 400 up to 1000 HV50 and the nitrided layer thickness grows to ~100 μm. The nitriding rate is enhanced by a high degree of nitrogen dissociation due to decomposition by fast electrons and surface structural defects due to bombardment by high-energy ions.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Dielectric Substrates by Broad Beams of High-Energy Atoms of Inert Gases

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Alexander Metel ◽  
Sergey Grigoriev ◽  
Marina Volosova ◽  
Yury Melnik ◽  
Enver Mustafaev
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
New Method ◽  
Neutral Beam ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Shift Measurement ◽  
Dielectric Substrates ◽  
Angle Scattering

We present a new method to generate a neutral beam for surface treatment of materials by fast atoms of inert gases. The new method allows for treatment at lower pressures enlarging the scope for glow discharge applications. To generate the monoenergetic neutral beam, a grid composed of parallel plates is placed inside a vacuum chamber, a glow discharge plasma was generated, and a beam was formed by pulsing the grid to 30 kV to extract ions from the glow discharge. The ions were then neutralized by small-angle scattering at the surfaces of the grid. By applying the high voltage for 50 µs with a repetition frequency of 50 Hz, heating of the target could be limited to 100 °C (instead of 700 °C when running continuously). We present results showing the uniformity of the created beam and its energy distribution using Doppler-shift measurement. Finally, we show friction measurement of treated alumina pieces as a working example of an application of this technology.

Damage study and comparison the effects of high-energy pulsed-protons of plasma focus device with low-energy protons of glow discharge plasma of tokamak

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 035001
Author(s):  
Farid Sedighi ◽  
Ardavan Kouhi ◽  
Davoud Iraji ◽  
Chapar Rasouli ◽  
Babak Shirani Bidabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Plasma Focus ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Plasma Focus Device ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Damage Study

Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V’s Corrosion Resistance Behavior by Double Glow Discharge Plasma Hydrogen-Free Carburizing Process

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 1197-1200
Author(s):  
Gao Hui Zhang ◽  
Ping Ze Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhou Yu ◽  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Corrosion Properties

The surface-modified Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V was obtained in the process of the double glow discharge plasma hydrogen-free carburizing. The high purity solid graphite as the source cathode supplied the carbon elements; pure titanium and its alloys were used as the cathode and argon as the working gas. At certain pressure and voltage, the glow discharge appeared between cathode and anode, source cathode and anode. The carbon plasma flux, including carbon atoms, ions, sputtered by argon ions diffused into the substrate, which depended on ions bombardment and thermal diffusion at a negative voltage. High purity solid graphite cathode was done in a honeycomb shape or grid shape. A layer with TiC and C phases was formed during the process. Surface hardness was increased by four times due to the presence of TiC and C phases, and wear resistance was enormously improved. The C concentration and hardness of alloying layer changed gradually with the depth. The corrosion properties of hydrogen-free carburized specimens were tested in the solution of 5% NaCl and 5% H2SO4, using electrochemical corrosion method. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of carburized specimens was significantly improved in 5% H2SO4 solution.

scholarly journals SCHROEDINGER EQUATION USE FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF PHENOMENA TAKING PLACE IN PLASMA GENERATOR OF GLOW DISCHARGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Sergey Sheptunov ◽  
Vladimir Logvin ◽  
Lyudmila Uvarova ◽  
Tatyana Karlova
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Schroedinger Equation ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Closed Volume ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Particle Flows

The work purpose is development of the theory ensuring creation of an efficient system of fast process control in the plasma generator of a glow discharge and contributing to the development of new techniques and equipment for their realization under conditions of controllable automated tool production. There are used regulations of quantum mechanics lying in that any system can be described by setting in a general case a complex wave function of the kind of . A possibility to find out a charged particle at the time t in some point of the near-cathode area of the closed volume of the plasma generator with the radius-vector was defined by probability density which is presented by a module square of the wave function of . In the course of the investigation carried out there are obtained the following results. The formation of charged particle flows in the plasma generator of a glow discharge has a probabilistic character. The Schroedinger equation use to obtain analytical dependences describing the processes of charged particle flows formation in the plasma generator of a glow charge is the most corresponding as it allows defining a value of their energy depending on the gas technological environment used. The rate change of gas technological environment pumping allows forming a corresponding volume of ions having specified energy and frequency, in the flow taking into account their mass and energy according to the adopted exponential distribution of ion mass in the flow. In automated technological environment having changed a kind of gas technological environment and a rate of its pumping it is possible to obtain predictable results of the impact of glow discharge plasma upon a surface of products worked explaining the effect of defect generation. As a result of high-energy ion bombardment of the surface of products under processing in the plasma generator of the glow discharge there is discovered the presence of a dissipative process with the elements of self-organization. The low-energy ion presence in the flow ensures an ion current transfer which results in the change of chemical and phase structure in the surface volume of material, its modification and reduction of a crystalline structure and also in amorphism on the surface.

scholarly journals Towards High Efficiency CO2 Utilization by Glow Discharge Plasma

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Stephan Renninger ◽  
Paul Rößner ◽  
Jan Stein ◽  
Maike Lambarth ◽  
Kai Peter Birke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
High Energy Efficiency

Plasma technology reaches rapidly increasing efficiency in catalytic applications. One such application is the splitting reaction of CO2 to oxygen and carbon monoxide. This reaction could be a cornerstone of power-to-X processes that utilize electricity to produce value-added compounds such as chemicals and fuels. However, it poses problems in practice due to its highly endothermal nature and challenging selectivity. In this communication a glow discharge plasma reactor is presented that achieves high energy efficiency in the CO2 splitting reaction. To achieve this, a magnetic field is used to increase the discharge volume. Combined with laminar gas flow, this leads to even energy distribution in the working gas. Thus, the reactor achieves very high energy efficiency of up to 45% while also reaching high CO2 conversion efficiency. These results are briefly explained and then compared to other plasma technologies. Lastly, cutting edge energy efficiencies of competing technologies such as CO2 electrolysis are discussed in comparison.

scholarly journals SCHROEDINGER EQUATION USE FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF PHENOMENA TAKING PLACE IN PLASMA GENERATOR OF GLOW DISCHARGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Sergey Sheptunov ◽  
Vladimir Logvin ◽  
Lyudmila Uvarova ◽  
Tatyana Karlova
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Schroedinger Equation ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Closed Volume ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Particle Flows

The work purpose is development of the theory ensuring creation of an efficient system of fast process control in the plasma generator of a glow discharge and contributing to the development of new techniques and equipment for their realization under conditions of controllable automated tool production. There are used regulations of quantum mechanics lying in that any system can be described by setting in a general case a complex wave function of the kind of . A possibility to find out a charged particle at the time t in some point of the near-cathode area of the closed volume of the plasma generator with the radius-vector was defined by probability density which is presented by a module square of the wave function of . In the course of the investigation carried out there are obtained the following results. The formation of charged particle flows in the plasma generator of a glow discharge has a probabilistic character. The Schroedinger equation use to obtain analytical dependences describing the processes of charged particle flows formation in the plasma generator of a glow charge is the most corresponding as it allows defining a value of their energy depending on the gas technological environment used. The rate change of gas technological environment pumping allows forming a corresponding volume of ions having specified energy and frequency, in the flow taking into account their mass and energy according to the adopted exponential distribution of ion mass in the flow. In automated technological environment having changed a kind of gas technological environment and a rate of its pumping it is possible to obtain predictable results of the impact of glow discharge plasma upon a surface of products worked explaining the effect of defect generation. As a result of high-energy ion bombardment of the surface of products under processing in the plasma generator of the glow discharge there is discovered the presence of a dissipative process with the elements of self-organization. The low-energy ion presence in the flow ensures an ion current transfer which results in the change of chemical and phase structure in the surface volume of material, its modification and reduction of a crystalline structure and also in amorphism on the surface.

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