scholarly journals Domination in Join of Fuzzy Incidence Graphs Using Strong Pairs with Application in Trading System of Different Countries

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Irfan Nazeer ◽  
Tabasam Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Juan Luis García Guirao
Keyword(s):  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Incidence Graph ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Ambiguous Data

Fuzzy graphs (FGs), broadly known as fuzzy incidence graphs (FIGs), are an applicable and well-organized tool to epitomize and resolve multiple real-world problems in which ambiguous data and information are essential. In this article, we extend the idea of domination of FGs to the FIG using strong pairs. An idea of strong pair dominating set and a strong pair domination number (SPDN) is explained with various examples. A theorem to compute SPDN for a complete fuzzy incidence graph (CFIG) is also provided. It is also proved that in any fuzzy incidence cycle (FIC) with l vertices the minimum number of elements in a strong pair dominating set are M[γs(Cl(σ,ϕ,η))]=⌈l3⌉. We define the joining of two FIGs and present a way to compute SPDN in the join of FIGs. A theorem to calculate SPDN in the joining of two strong fuzzy incidence graphs is also provided. An innovative idea of accurate domination of FIGs is also proposed. Some instrumental and useful results of accurate domination for FIC are also obtained. In the end, a real-life application of SPDN to find which country/countries has/have the best trade policies among different countries is examined. Our proposed method is symmetrical to the optimization.

New concepts of domination in fuzzy graph structures with application

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A.A. Talebi ◽  
G. Muhiuddin ◽  
S.H. Sadati ◽  
Hossein Rashmanlou
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Graph Structure ◽  
Multiple Relationships ◽  
Fuzzy Graph ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Graph Structures ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
New Concepts

Fuzzy graphs have a prominent place in the mathematical modelling of the problems due to the simplicity of representing the relationships between topics. Gradually, with the development of science and in encountering with complex problems and the existence of multiple relationships between variables, the need to consider fuzzy graphs with multiple relationships was felt. With the introduction of the graph structures, there was better flexibility than the graph in dealing with problems. By combining a graph structure with a fuzzy graph, a fuzzy graph structure was introduced that increased the decision-making power of complex problems based on uncertainties. The previous definitions restrictions in fuzzy graphs have made us present new definitions in the fuzzy graph structure. The domination of fuzzy graphs has many applications in other sciences including computer science, intelligent systems, psychology, and medical sciences. Hence, in this paper, first we study the dominating set in a fuzzy graph structure from the perspective of the domination number of its fuzzy relationships. Likewise, we determine the domination in terms of neighborhood, degree, and capacity of vertices with some examples. Finally, applications of domination are introduced in fuzzy graph structure.

Domination Theory in Graphs

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
E. Sampathkumar ◽  
L. Pushpalatha
Keyword(s):  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Minimum Cardinality ◽  
Correct Conclusion ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Domination In Graphs

The study of domination in graphs originated around 1850 with the problems of placing minimum number of queens or other chess pieces on an n x n chess board so as to cover/dominate every square. The rules of chess specify that in one move a queen can advance any number of squares horizontally, vertically, or diagonally as long as there are no other chess pieces in its way. In 1850 enthusiasts who studied the problem came to the correct conclusion that all the squares in an 8 x 8 chessboard can be dominated by five queens and five is the minimum such number. With very few exceptions (Rooks, Bishops), these problems still remain unsolved today. Let G = (V,E) be a graph. A set S ⊂ V is a dominating set of G if every vertex in V–S is adjacent to some vertex in D. The domination number γ(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set.

scholarly journals Some Results on Point Set Domination of Fuzzy Graphs

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
S. Vimala ◽  
J. S. Sathya
Keyword(s):  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Fuzzy Graph ◽  
Minimal Point ◽  
Minimum Cardinality ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Point Set

Abstract Let G be a fuzzy graph. Let γ(G), γp(G) denote respectively the domination number, the point set domination number of a fuzzy graph. A dominating set D of a fuzzy graph is said to be a point set dominating set of a fuzzy graph if for every S⊆V-D there exists a node d∈D such that 〈S ∪ {d}〉 is a connected fuzzy graph. The minimum cardinality taken over all minimal point set dominating set is called a point set domination number of a fuzzy graph G and it is denoted by γp(G). In this paper we concentrate on the point set domination number of a fuzzy graph and obtain some bounds using the neighbourhood degree of fuzzy graphs.

On (r,s)-Fuzzy Domination in Fuzzy Graphs

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
Kiran Bhutani ◽  
L. Sathikala
Keyword(s):  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Fuzzy Graph ◽  
Fuzzy Subset ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Finite Set

Let [Formula: see text] be a fuzzy graph on a finite set [Formula: see text] Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] A fuzzy subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called an [Formula: see text]-fuzzy dominating set ([Formula: see text]-FD set) of G if [Formula: see text] Then [Formula: see text] is called the [Formula: see text]-fuzzy domination number of [Formula: see text] where the minimum is taken over all [Formula: see text]-FD sets [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] In this paper we initiate a study of this parameter and other related concepts such as [Formula: see text]-fuzzy irredundance and [Formula: see text]-fuzzy independence. We obtain the [Formula: see text]-fuzzy domination chain which is analogous to the domination chain in crisp graphs.

scholarly journals On restricted domination in graphs

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Samodivkin
Keyword(s):  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Domination In Graphs ◽  
Restricted Domination Number

AbstractThe k-restricted domination number of a graph G is the minimum number d k such that for any subset U of k vertices of G, there is a dominating set in G including U and having at most d k vertices. Some new upper bounds in terms of order and degrees for this number are found.

scholarly journals Graphical Analysis of Covering and Paired Domination in the Environment of Neutrosophic Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah Khan ◽  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Naeem Jan ◽  
Zhen-Hua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Neutrosophic Graph ◽  
Paired Domination ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs

Neutrosophic graph (NG) is a powerful tool in graph theory, which is capable of modeling many real-life problems with uncertainty due to unclear, varying, and indeterminate information. Meanwhile, the fuzzy graphs (FGs) and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (IFGs) may not handle these problems as efficiently as NGs. It is difficult to model uncertainty due to imprecise information and vagueness in real-world scenarios. Many real-life optimization problems are modeled and solved using the well-known fuzzy graph theory. The concepts of covering, matching, and paired domination play a major role in theoretical and applied neutrosophic environments of graph theory. Henceforth, the current study covers this void by introducing the notions of covering, matching, and paired domination in single-valued neutrosophic graph (SVNG) using the strong edges. Also, many attention-grabbing properties of these concepts are studied. Moreover, the strong covering number, strong matching number, and the strong paired domination number of complete SVNG, complete single-valued neutrosophic cycle (SVNC), and complete bipartite SVNG are worked out along with their fascinating properties.

scholarly journals Perfect Dominating Set of An Interval-Valued Fuzzy Graphs

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Faisal M. AL-Ahmadi ◽  
Mahiuob M. Q. Shubatah
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interval Valued

Aims/ Objectives: Perfect domination is very much useful in network theory, Electrical stations and several fields of mathematics. In This paper, perfect domination in an intervalvalued fuzzy graphs is defined and studied. Some bounds on perfect domination number γp(G) are provided for several interval-valued fuzzy graphs, such as complete, wheel and star,.. etc. Furthermore, the relationship of γp(G): with some other known parameters in interval-valued fuzzy graphs investigated with some suitable examples.

scholarly journals A note on bipartite graphs whose [1,k]-domination number equal to their number of vertices

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Narges Ghareghani ◽  
Iztok Peterin ◽  
Pouyeh Sharifani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Problem ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Bipartite Graphs ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Vertex Set ◽  
Np Hard Problem

A subset \(D\) of the vertex set \(V\) of a graph \(G\) is called an \([1,k]\)-dominating set if every vertex from \(V-D\) is adjacent to at least one vertex and at most \(k\) vertices of \(D\). A \([1,k]\)-dominating set with the minimum number of vertices is called a \(\gamma_{[1,k]}\)-set and the number of its vertices is the \([1,k]\)-domination number \(\gamma_{[1,k]}(G)\) of \(G\). In this short note we show that the decision problem whether \(\gamma_{[1,k]}(G)=n\) is an \(NP\)-hard problem, even for bipartite graphs. Also, a simple construction of a bipartite graph \(G\) of order \(n\) satisfying \(\gamma_{[1,k]}(G)=n\) is given for every integer \(n \geq (k+1)(2k+3)\).

scholarly journals A Study on Domination in Vague Incidence Graph and Its Application in Medical Sciences

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Rao ◽  
Saeed Kosari ◽  
Zehui Shao ◽  
Ruiqi Cai ◽  
Liu Xinyue
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Dominating Sets ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Incidence Graph ◽  
Vague Data

Fuzzy graphs (FGs), broadly known as fuzzy incidence graphs (FIGs), have been acknowledged as being an applicable and well-organized tool to epitomize and solve many multifarious real-world problems in which vague data and information are essential. Owing to unpredictable and unspecified information being an integral component in real-life problems that are often uncertain, it is highly challenging for an expert to illustrate those problems through a fuzzy graph. Therefore, resolving the uncertainty accompanying the unpredictable and unspecified information of any real-world problem can be done by applying a vague incidence graph (VIG), based on which the FGs may not engender satisfactory results. Similarly, VIGs are outstandingly practical tools for analyzing different computer science domains such as networking, clustering, and also other issues such as medical sciences, and traffic planning. Dominating sets (DSs) enjoy practical interest in several areas. In wireless networking, DSs are being used to find efficient routes with ad-hoc mobile networks. They have also been employed in document summarization, and in secure systems designs for electrical grids; consequently, in this paper, we extend the concept of the FIG to the VIG, and show some of its important properties. In particular, we discuss the well-known problems of vague incidence dominating set, valid degree, isolated vertex, vague incidence irredundant set and their cardinalities related to the dominating, etc. Finally, a DS application for VIG to properly manage the COVID-19 testing facility is introduced.

On the dominator coloring in proper interval graphs and block graphs

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550043 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Panda ◽  
Arti Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Interval Graphs ◽  
Proper Coloring ◽  
Minimum Cardinality ◽  
Block Graphs ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Dominator Coloring

In a graph [Formula: see text], a vertex [Formula: see text] dominates a vertex [Formula: see text] if either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is adjacent to [Formula: see text]. A subset of vertex set [Formula: see text] that dominates all the vertices of [Formula: see text] is called a dominating set of graph [Formula: see text]. The minimum cardinality of a dominating set of [Formula: see text] is called the domination number of [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. A proper coloring of a graph [Formula: see text] is an assignment of colors to the vertices of [Formula: see text] such that any two adjacent vertices get different colors. The minimum number of colors required for a proper coloring of [Formula: see text] is called the chromatic number of [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. A dominator coloring of a graph [Formula: see text] is a proper coloring of the vertices of [Formula: see text] such that every vertex dominates all the vertices of at least one color class. The minimum number of colors required for a dominator coloring of [Formula: see text] is called the dominator chromatic number of [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the dominator chromatic number for the proper interval graphs and block graphs. We show that every proper interval graph [Formula: see text] satisfies [Formula: see text], and these bounds are sharp. For a block graph [Formula: see text], where one of the end block is of maximum size, we show that [Formula: see text]. We also characterize the block graphs with an end block of maximum size and attaining the lower bound.

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