scholarly journals Pseudo-Laminarization of Mixed Microbubble Water and Complex Fluids in Capillary Flows

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Takaki Kobayashi ◽  
Akiomi Ushida ◽  
Taisuke Sato
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Complex Fluids ◽  
Frictional Coefficient ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Normal Fluid ◽  
Constant Flow Rate

Symmetry in fluid flow is determined by external factors such as magnetic or electric fields. Owing to the electrical properties of fluids, liquids containing fine bubble or ionic surfactant molecules differ from the normal fluid flow. Therefore, the pressure drop and frictional coefficient in a pipe are measured and estimated for water alone, for mixed microbubble water (MB), and for complex fluids (anionic surfactant solution and polymer solution) in capillary flow with constant flow rate. For water alone, good agreement is obtained between the experimental and theoretical values for laminar Hagen–Poiseuille flow and the Blasius expression in turbulent flow. For the MB, pseudo-laminarization is suggested up to a Reynolds number of 4.2×103. Both the anionic surfactant solution and the polymer solution exhibit the same tendency as that of the MB. In explaining these behaviors, elasticity and electrical interaction are discussed, and electrical interaction on the capillary wall is strongly suggested to be a contributing factor. Additionally, surface tension is investigated and supports the discussion.

Surfactant Effects on Picloram Adsorption by Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gaynor ◽  
V. V. Volk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Extractable Al

The effects of soil organic matter, clay, extractable Al, cation exchange capacity, and pH on the adsorption of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) from aqueous and surfactant solutions were investigated. Linear adsorption isotherms for the soils were obtained with the Freundlich equation. Of the five soil properties investigated, Freundlich K values correlated with extractable Al and clay content. Picloram adsorption from aqueous solutions and from the non-ionic and anionic surfactant solutions was greater on the soils at pH 5 than at pH 7. The anionic surfactant competed with picloram for adsorption sites on the soils at pH 5. Picloram adsorption from solutions containing 0.1 and 1% cationic surfactant was greater than that from aqeuous and anionic and nonionic surfactant solutions. Picloram adsorption from the 10% cationic surfactant solution was similar on soils with pH 5 and 7 and increased with decreased organic matter content.

A Novel Embed Fluorescence Method for Monitoring the Change from Emulsion Polymeriztion to Microemulsion Polymerization

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Hai Ke Feng
Keyword(s):  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Fluorescence Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Fluorescence Emission Intensity

In this paper, we present a novel embed fluorescence method that allows one to monitor the change from emulsion polymerization to microemulsion polymerization with low monomer contents. The microemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated using N-(2-anthracene) methacrylamide (AnMA) as the probe whose fluorescence emission intensity was proportional to the conversion of MMA into the polymer.In this research, the trace amount of AnMA unit looked like embed in the MMA chain. In a solution containing 3wt% of MMA with respect to water, with the anionic surfactant of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and water-soluble initiator of potassium persulfate (KPS), the process of changing from emulsion to microemulsion has been monitored. By contrast, with the non-ionic surfactant of polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether (Brij98) or water-insoluble initiator of 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), the process of changing from emulsion to microemulsion also have been monitored.

Fluorescence of acridinic dyes in anionic surfactant solution

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2926-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson Valentim Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Gehlen
Keyword(s):  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Surfactant Solution

scholarly journals Adsorption Mechanism of a Cationic Surfactant on Textiles in Excess Anionic Surfactant Solution

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Osamu OKUMURA ◽  
Hirofumi KANAO ◽  
Shigeru YANABA ◽  
Kentaro KIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Surfactant Solution

scholarly journals Autonomous Capillary Microfluidic Devices with Constant Flow Rate and Temperature-Controlled Valving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanhui Li ◽  
Eiko Westerbeek ◽  
Jeroen Vollenbroek ◽  
Sissi de Beer ◽  
Lingling Shui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Constant Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Front ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Heating Wire ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Valve Control

<p>In this work, we introduce a Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) grafted PDMS (PNIPAm-g-PDMS) capillary flow-driven microfluidic device with integrated valving function. Due to the thermo-sensitive properties of PNIPAm, the device possesses a temperature-switchable surface wettability between 20 and 36 °C. By locally integrating a heating wire, a hydrophobic valving function can thus be obtained. The device provides large operational freedom, enables single-valve control, and operates in a convenient temperature range. In addition, this device is characterized by a capillary filling rate that is constant in time. The constant flow velocities ranging from 1 µm/s to 240 µm/s can be obtained in dry PNIPAm-g-PDMS and freshly treated PNIPAm-g-PDMS devices with different channel geometry. We explained the constant flow rate with diffusive hydration of PNIPAm at the liquid front. This device thus provides both stop valving and accurate flow control functions, being potentially applied for diagnostic assay performance.</p><div><br></div>

Desorptive behavior of chlorophenols in contaminated soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. You ◽  
J. C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Water System ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Effects Of Ph

A study was conducted to assess the desorptive behavior of chlorophenols in contaminated soils. Two soils spiked with three types of chlorophenols, i.e., 2,6-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP), respectively, were examined. The effects of pH, methanol, surfactants, and soil properties were investigated. Amount of three chlorophenols desorbed from soils increased with increasing pH. Deprotonated chlorophenols were more mobile than their conjugate acids. When methanol was added to the soil-water system, the amount of chlorophenols desorbed increased. The desorption of PCP was enhanced in the presence of anionic surfactant, SDS. However, when non-ionic surfactant, TX-100, was present, the desorption of PCP decreased. The effects of pH and surfactants on desorptive behavior of chlorophenols were most significant on PCP. Generally, the amount of chlorophenol adsorption deceased in the order PCP &gt; TCP &gt; DCP. Hydrophobic interaction was found to be the major driving force of adsorption reactions. It was therefore proposed that hydrophobicity of chlorophenols is an important factor controlling their desorptive behavior.

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