scholarly journals Bremsstrahlung of Light through Spontaneous Emission of Gravitational Waves

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Charles Wang ◽  
Melania Mieczkowska
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Spontaneous Emission ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Quantum Decoherence ◽  
General Covariance ◽  
Unruh Effect ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Hawking Effect

Zero-point fluctuations are a universal consequence of quantum theory. Vacuum fluctuations of electromagnetic field have provided crucial evidence and guidance for QED as a successful quantum field theory with a defining gauge symmetry through the Lamb shift, Casimir effect, and spontaneous emission. In an accelerated frame, the thermalisation of the zero-point electromagnetic field gives rise to the Unruh effect linked to the Hawking effect of a black hole via the equivalence principle. This principle is the basis of general covariance, the symmetry of general relativity as the classical theory of gravity. If quantum gravity exists, the quantum vacuum fluctuations of the gravitational field should also lead to the quantum decoherence and dissertation of general forms of energy and matter. Here we present a novel theoretical effect involving the spontaneous emission of soft gravitons by photons as they bend around a heavy mass and discuss its observational prospects. Our analytic and numerical investigations suggest that the gravitational bending of starlight predicted by classical general relativity should also be accompanied by the emission of gravitational waves. This in turn redshifts the light causing a loss of its energy somewhat analogous to the bremsstrahlung of electrons by a heavier charged particle. It is suggested that this new effect may be important for a combined astronomical source of intense gravity and high-frequency radiation such as X-ray binaries and that the proposed LISA mission may be potentially sensitive to the resulting sub-Hz stochastic gravitational waves.

The effect of sources on horizons that may develop when plane gravitational waves collide

1987 ◽  
Vol 414 (1846) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Perfect Fluid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
Colliding Gravitational Waves ◽  
Plane Gravitational Waves

Colliding plane gravitational waves that lead to the development of a horizon and a subsequent time-like singularity are coupled with an electromagnetic field, a perfect fluid (whose energy density, ∊ , equals the pressure, p ), and null dust (consisting of massless particles). The coupling of the gravitational waves with an electromagnetic field does not affect, in any essential way, the development of the horizon or the time-like singularity if the polarizations of the colliding gravitational waves are not parallel. If the polarizations are parallel, the space-like singularity which occurs in the vacuum is transformed into a horizon followed by a three-dimensional time-like singularity by the merest presence of the electromagnetic field. The coupling of the gravitational waves with an ( ∊ = p )-fluid and null dust affect the development of horizons and singularities in radically different ways: the ( ∊ = p )-fluid affects the development decisively in all cases but qualitatively in the same way, while null dust prevents the development of horizons and allows only the development of space-like singularities. The contrasting behaviours of an ( ∊ = p )-fluid and of null dust in the framework of general relativity is compared with the behaviours one may expect, under similar circumstances, in the framework of special relativity.

scholarly journals The Role of Vacuum Fluctuations and Symmetry in the Hydrogen Atom in Quantum Mechanics and Stochastic Electrodynamics

Atoms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
G. Maclay
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Radiation Reaction ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Stochastic Electrodynamics

Stochastic Electrodynamics (SED) has had success modeling black body radiation, the harmonic oscillator, the Casimir effect, van der Waals forces, diamagnetism, and uniform acceleration of electrodynamic systems using the stochastic zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field with classical mechanics. However the hydrogen atom, with its 1/r potential remains a critical challenge. Numerical calculations have shown that the SED field prevents the electron orbit from collapsing into the proton, but, eventually the atom becames ionized. We look at the issues of the H atom and SED from the perspective of symmetry of the quantum mechanical Hamiltonian, used to obtain the quantum mechanical results, and the Abraham-Lorentz equation, which is a force equation that includes the effects of radiation reaction, and is used to obtain the SED simulations. We contrast the physical computed effects of the quantized electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations with the role of the real stochastic electromagnetic field.

scholarly journals The Ether Theory Unifying the Relativistic Gravito-Electromagnetism Including also the Gravitons and the Gravitational Waves

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
David Zareski
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Fundamental Tensor ◽  
Ether Theory ◽  
Schwarzschild Horizon ◽  
Einstein’S General Relativity

In previous publications, we showed that Maxwell’s equations are an approximation to those of General Relativity when V<<c, where V is the velocity of the particle submitted to the electromagnetic field. This was demonstrated by showing that the Lienard-Wiechert potential four-vector A_u created by an electric charge is the equivalent of the gravitational four-vector G_u created by a massive neutral point when V<<c. In the present paper, we generalize these results for V non-restricted to be small. To this purpose, we show first that the exact Lagrange-Einstein function of an electric charge q submitted to the field due an immobile charge q_0 is of the same form as that of a particle of mass m submitted to the field created by an immobile particle of mass m_0. Maxwell’s electrostatics is then generalized as a case of the Einstein’s general relativity. In particular, it appears that an immobile q_0 creates also an electromagnetic horizon that behaves like a Schwarzschild horizon. Then, there exist ether gravitational waves constituted by gravitons in the same way as the electromagnetic waves are constituted by photons. Now, since A_u and G_u, are equivalent, and as we show, G_u produces the approximation, for V<<c, of g_u4 created by m_0 mobile, where the g_uv  are the components of Einstein’s fundamental tensor, it follows that A_u+u_u produces the approximation, for V<<c, of Bet_u4 , where the Bet_uv created by m_0 and by q_0, generalize the g_uv.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FEEDBACK CONTROL OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Ankush Rai ◽  
Jagadeesh Kannan R
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Large Radius ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Scientific Methods

 We present an analysis for gravitation through space-mass quantization technique where gravitational waves is the fundamental interaction through distinct state of quantization of mass & space  while remaining mathematically compatible with general relativity (GR). It also encompasses issues such as the notion of space-radiative expansion leading to order in the large radius expansion, zero point energy & also space-contraction is introduced that sets the physical scales and subleading terms. We discuss conditions under which gravitational waves is transformed locally under space-mass action. A proposal for improving the current use of scientific methods & mechanism to forge a model of gravitational waves is given. We refer this physical interpretation in rest of the text as “Quantize field Theory”.  

scholarly journals Dispersion Interactions between Neutral Atoms and the Quantum Electrodynamical Vacuum

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Passante
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Vacuum Field ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Unruh Effect ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Dispersion Interactions ◽  
Accelerated Motion ◽  
Three Body

Dispersion interactions are long-range interactions between neutral ground-state atoms or molecules, or polarizable bodies in general, due to their common interaction with the quantum electromagnetic field. They arise from the exchange of virtual photons between the atoms, and, in the case of three or more atoms, are not additive. In this review, after having introduced the relevant coupling schemes and effective Hamiltonians, as well as properties of the vacuum fluctuations, we outline the main properties of dispersion interactions, both in the nonretarded (van der Waals) and retarded (Casimir–Polder) regime. We then discuss their deep relation with the existence of the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field and vacuum energy. We describe some transparent physical models of two- and three-body dispersion interactions, based on dressed vacuum field energy densities and spatial field correlations, which stress their deep connection with vacuum fluctuations and vacuum energy. These models give a clear insight of the physical origin of dispersion interactions, and also provide useful computational tools for their evaluation. We show that this aspect is particularly relevant in more complicated situations, for example when macroscopic boundaries are present. We also review recent results on dispersion interactions for atoms moving with noninertial motions and the strict relation with the Unruh effect, and on resonance interactions between entangled identical atoms in uniformly accelerated motion.

Beyond the Schwarzschild Metric

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wittman
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Test Particle ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
The Universe

General relativity explains much more than the spacetime around static spherical masses.We briefly assess general relativity in the larger context of physical theories, then explore various general relativistic effects that have no Newtonian analog. First, source massmotion gives rise to gravitomagnetic effects on test particles.These effects also depend on the velocity of the test particle, which has substantial implications for orbits around black holes to be further explored in Chapter 20. Second, any changes in the sourcemass ripple outward as gravitational waves, and we tell the century‐long story from the prediction of gravitational waves to their first direct detection in 2015. Third, the deflection of light by galaxies and clusters of galaxies allows us to map the amount and distribution of mass in the universe in astonishing detail. Finally, general relativity enables modeling the universe as a whole, and we explore the resulting Big Bang cosmology.

scholarly journals Plebański–Demiański solution of general relativity and its expressions quadratic and cubic in curvature: Analogies to electromagnetism

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1550079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Boos
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
General Type ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Irreducible Decomposition ◽  
Asymptotically Flat ◽  
Type D ◽  
Curvature Invariants ◽  
Free Parameters ◽  
First Time

Analogies between gravitation and electromagnetism have been known since the 1950s. Here, we examine a fairly general type D solution — the exact seven parameter solution of Plebański–Demiański (PD) — to demonstrate these analogies for a physically meaningful spacetime. The two quadratic curvature invariants B2 - E2 and E⋅B are evaluated analytically. In the asymptotically flat case, the leading terms of E and B can be interpreted as gravitoelectric mass and gravitoelectric current of the PD solution, respectively, if there are no gravitomagnetic monopoles present. Furthermore, the square of the Bel–Robinson tensor reads (B2 + E2)2 for the PD solution, reminiscent of the square of the energy density in electrodynamics. By analogy to the energy–momentum 3-form of the electromagnetic field, we provide an alternative way to derive the recently introduced Bel–Robinson 3-form, from which the Bel–Robinson tensor can be calculated. We also determine the Kummer tensor, a tensor cubic in curvature, for a general type D solution for the first time, and calculate the pieces of its irreducible decomposition. The calculations are carried out in two coordinate systems: In the original polynomial PD coordinates and in a modified Boyer–Lindquist-like version introduced by Griffiths and Podolský (GP) allowing for a more straightforward physical interpretation of the free parameters.

The Einstein–Maxwell-particle system in the York canonical basis of ADM tetrad gravity. Part 2. The weak field approximation in the 3-orthogonal gauges and Hamiltonian post-minkowskian gravity: the N-body problem and gravitational waves with asymptotic background 1This paper is one of three companion papers published in the same issue of Can. J. Phys.

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alba ◽  
Luca Lusanna
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Canonical Basis ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
N Body Problem ◽  
Hamilton Equations ◽  
Weak Field Approximation ◽  
Tetrad Gravity

In this second paper we define a post-minkowskian (PM) weak field approximation leading to a linearization of the Hamilton equations of Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) tetrad gravity in the York canonical basis in a family of nonharmonic 3-orthogonal Schwinger time gauges. The York time 3K (the relativistic inertial gauge variable, not existing in newtonian gravity, parametrizing the family, and connected to the freedom in clock synchronization, i.e., to the definition of the the shape of the instantaneous 3-spaces) is set equal to an arbitrary numerical function. The matter are considered point particles, with a Grassmann regularization of self-energies, and the electromagnetic field in the radiation gauge: an ultraviolet cutoff allows a consistent linearization, which is shown to be the lowest order of a hamiltonian PM expansion. We solve the constraints and the Hamilton equations for the tidal variables and we find PM gravitational waves with asymptotic background (and the correct quadrupole emission formula) propagating on dynamically determined non-euclidean 3-spaces. The conserved ADM energy and the Grassmann regularization of self-energies imply the correct energy balance. A generalized transverse–traceless gauge can be identified and the main tools for the detection of gravitational waves are reproduced in these nonharmonic gauges. In conclusion, we get a PM solution for the gravitational field and we identify a class of PM Einstein space–times, which will be studied in more detail in a third paper together with the PM equations of motion for the particles and their post-newtonian expansion (but in the absence of the electromagnetic field). Finally we make a discussion on the gauge problem in general relativity to understand which type of experimental observations may lead to a preferred choice for the inertial gauge variable 3K in PM space–times. In the third paper we will show that this choice is connected with the problem of dark matter.

Gravity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Hartle
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Physics First ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Curriculum Making

Einstein's theory of general relativity is a cornerstone of modern physics. It also touches upon a wealth of topics that students find fascinating – black holes, warped spacetime, gravitational waves, and cosmology. Now reissued by Cambridge University Press, this ground-breaking text helped to bring general relativity into the undergraduate curriculum, making it accessible to virtually all physics majors. One of the pioneers of the 'physics-first' approach to the subject, renowned relativist James B. Hartle, recognized that there is typically not enough time in a short introductory course for the traditional, mathematics-first, approach. In this text, he provides a fluent and accessible physics-first introduction to general relativity that begins with the essential physical applications and uses a minimum of new mathematics. This market-leading text is ideal for a one-semester course for undergraduates, with only introductory mechanics as a prerequisite.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document