scholarly journals EEG and fMRI Correlates of Insight: A Pilot Study

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Gennady G. Knyazev ◽  
Vadim L. Ushakov ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Orlov ◽  
Denis G. Malakhov ◽  
Sergey I. Kartashov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Analytical Step ◽  
Remote Association ◽  
The Right ◽  
Increased Activity

Insight is described as the sudden solution of a problem and is contrasted with an analytical, step-by-step approach. Traditionally, insight is thought to be associated with activity of the right hemisphere, whereas analytical solutions are thought to be associated with activity of the left hemisphere. However, empirical evidence as to the localization of insight-related brain activity is mixed and inconclusive. Some studies seem to confirm the traditional view, whereas others do not. Moreover, results of EEG and fMRI studies frequently contradict each other. In this study, EEG and fMRI data were recorded while subjects performed the remote association test and for each solved problem were asked to report whether the solution was reached analytically or insightfully. The data were analyzed in a 16-second fragment preceding the subject’s response. Source localization techniques were used in the analysis of EEG data. Based on EEG data, insightful as compared to analytical problem solving was accompanied by high-frequency synchronization in semantic cortical areas of the left hemisphere 10–12 s before the subject’s response. Based on fMRI data, however, insightful solutions were accompanied by increased activity in frontal and temporal regions of the right hemisphere. The results are interpreted in terms of different cognitive processes involved in insightful problem solving, which could be differently reflected in EEG and fMRI data.

scholarly journals Cerebral Lateralization of the EEG During Perceptual-Motor Integration in Young Adults With Down Syndrome: A Descriptive Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chia Chen ◽  
Shannon D. R. Ringenbach ◽  
Arielle Biwer ◽  
Abbie Riekena
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Right ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Cerebral Processing

Background: This study was aimed at investigating cerebral laterality of perceptual-motor integration in persons with DS. Method: Fourteen persons with DS between the ages of 12-39 drummed with their dominant hand (e.g., right hand) following verbal (i.e., drumming to a voice saying "drum"), rhythm (i.e., drumming to the sound of a drum being hit) and melody (i.e., drumming to the loudest beat) instructions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data at T3 (left hemisphere) and T4 (right hemisphere) was collected and computed as cerebral specialization coefficients during drumming performance. Results: It seems like that our results were consistent with the model of atypical hemisphere processing of verbal information in the right hemisphere in persons with DS, which is opposite to the typical population (Elliott et al., 1987). In addition, the results showed that melody instructions were right hemisphere specialized and rhythm instruction was left hemisphere specialized in persons with DS. Conclusions: This is the first study to systematically examine verbal, rhythm and melody processing in persons with DS. Rhythm and melody are two main components of music. Therefore, these results are promising for understanding mechanisms underlying cerebral processing as well as music therapy for persons with DS.

Applying Frequency Bands to Explore the Identification of Two Dimensional Figures

2013 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Chia Ju Liu ◽  
Chin Fei Huang ◽  
Chia Yi Chou ◽  
Ming Chi Lu ◽  
Yung Yi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hemisphere Specialization

The aim of this study was to apply frequency bands to explore how mental rotation strategies affect the identification of 2D figures. Eighteen adults were recruited for this study. In the ERP experiments, the participants were required to identify 2D figures with mental rotation. The results showed the differences between the high-achieving (HA) and low-achieving (LA) spatial ability participants in their use of mental rotation for identifying 2D figures. At 300-380 ms, the HA participants showed higher brain activity in the right hemisphere than in other brain areas, whereas the LA participants showed activity in the whole brain. At 520 to 620 ms, the areas of brain activity were in the opposite hemisphere for the HA and LA participants. The highest brain activity was shown in the left hemisphere of the HA participants and in the right hemisphere for the LA participants at 520 to 620 ms. The implication of this study is that right hemisphere specialization for mental rotation might appear in early cognitive processing, but in late cognitive processing, the left hemisphere specialization form of mental rotation might show an advantage.

THE CREATIVE INVESTIGATION OF BRAIN ACTIVITY WITH EEG FOR GENDER AND LEFT/RIGHT-HANDED DIFFERENCES

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550054 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN XIONG ◽  
YAN LI ◽  
YU CHEN ◽  
PING YUAN ◽  
YUBO FAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Parietal Region ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Original Group ◽  
The Right

This paper studied the differences of gender and left/right-handed groups from a neuroscience perspective through task-related power of alpha power changes during the generation of creative ideas. Aiming to investigate the effects of the differences, it will help understand the specific neural processes for different genders and left/right-handed groups. We used B-Alert X10®; electroencephalography (EEG) system, computed for left and right hemispheres, to determine if EEG metrics differentiated between the gender and left/right-handed groups. This study assessed EEG power spectral density (PSD) while 17 healthy participants worked on the alternative uses (AU) task. The results showed that (1) the creativity level has no relations with the gender; there is no obvious difference between males and females on the process of creative idea generation. (2) The creativity level is high related to the cultivation of innovative ability. There is obvious higher alpha power changes in posterior regions of the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere of the brain for high original group, and a stronger task-related alpha synchronization showed in the right hemisphere than that in the left one for the low original group. (3) There is comparatively lower alpha power in parietal region in the left hemisphere than that in the right one for the left-handed participants, and higher alpha power in the frontal region for the left-handed and in parietal region for right-handed participants. The comparison among different genders and left/right-handed participants can help us understand more about the creative thinking manifested in the human brain.

scholarly journals Cerebral Lateralization of the EEG During Perceptual-Motor Integration in Young Adults With Down Syndrome: A Descriptive Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chia Chen ◽  
Shannon D. R. Ringenbach ◽  
Arielle Biwer ◽  
Abbie Riekena
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Right ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Cerebral Processing

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Background: This study was aimed at investigating cerebral laterality of perceptual-motor integration in persons with DS. Method: Fourteen persons with DS between the ages of 12-39 drummed with their dominant hand (e.g., right hand) following verbal (i.e., drumming to a voice saying "drum"), rhythm (i.e., drumming to the sound of a drum being hit) and melody (i.e., drumming to the loudest beat) instructions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data at T3 (left hemisphere) and T4 (right hemisphere) was collected and computed as cerebral specialization coefficients during drumming performance. Results: It seems like that our results were consistent with the model of atypical hemisphere processing of verbal information in the right hemisphere in persons with DS, which is opposite to the typical population (Elliott et al., 1987). In addition, the results showed that melody instructions were right hemisphere specialized and rhythm instruction was left hemisphere specialized in persons with DS. Conclusions: This is the first study to systematically examine verbal, rhythm and melody processing in persons with DS. Rhythm and melody are two main components of music. Therefore, these results are promising for understanding mechanisms underlying cerebral processing as well as music therapy for persons with DS.</span></p>

Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Trochidis ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Musical Modes ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Right

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects were found between mode and tempo: An increase of tempo modulated the emotion differently depending on the mode of the piece.

Dual Intentional Agency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
Intentional Agency ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Right

This chapter defends the 2-agents claim, according to which the two hemispheres of a split-brain subject are associated with distinct intentional agents. The empirical basis of this claim is that, while both hemispheres are the source or site of intentions, the capacity to integrate them in practical reasoning no longer operates interhemispherically after split-brain surgery. As a result, the right hemisphere-associated agent, R, and the left hemisphere-associated agent, L, enjoy intentional autonomy from each other. Although the positive case for the 2-agents claim is grounded mainly in experimental findings, the claim is not contradicted by what we know of split-brain subjects’ ordinary behavior, that is, the way they act outside of experimental conditions.

P14.30 Voxelwise analysis of spatial distribution of postoperative ischemia in diffuse glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii44-ii44
Author(s):  
A T J van der Boog ◽  
S David ◽  
A M M Steennis ◽  
T J Snijders ◽  
J W Dankbaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Diffuse Glioma ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Median Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of diffuse glioma is performed to reduce tumor mass effect and to pave the way for adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy. As a complication of surgery, ischemic lesions are often found in the postoperative setting. Not only can these lesion induce neurological deficits, but their volume has also been associated with reduced survival time. Prior studies suggest areas with a singular vascular supply to be more prone to postoperative ischemic lesions, although the precise cause is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the volumetric and spatial distributions of postoperative ischemic lesions and their relation to arterial territories in glioma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We accessed a retrospective database of 144 adult cases with WHO grade II-IV supratentorial gliomas, who received surgery and postoperative MRI within 3 days in 2012–2014. We identified 93 patients with postoperative ischemia, defined as new confluent diffusion restriction on DWI. Ischemic lesions were manually delineated and spatially normalized to stereotaxic MNI space. Voxel-based analysis (VBA) was performed to compare presence and absence of postoperative ischemia. False positive results were eliminated by family-wise error correction. Areas of ischemia were labeled using an arterial territory map, the Harvard-Oxford cortical and subcortical atlases and the XTRACT white matter atlas. RESULTS Median volume of confluent ischemia was 3.52cc (IQR 2.15–5.94). 23 cases had only ischemic lesion in the left hemisphere, 46 in the right hemisphere and 24 bilateral. Median volume was 3.08cc (IQR 1.35–5.72) in left-sided lesions and 2.47cc (1.01–4.24) in right-sided lesions. Volume of ischemic lesions was not associated with survival after 1, 2 or 5 years. A cluster of 125.18cc was found to be significantly associated with development of postoperative ischemia. 73% of this cluster was situated in the arterial territory of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA), limited by the border of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the watershed area between the right MCA and the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Significant areas were located in the frontal lobes, spanning into the right temporo-occipital region, and predominantly included right and left thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, as well as right temporal gyri and insular cortex, and parts of the right corticospinal tract, longitudinal fasciculi and superior thalamic radiation. CONCLUSION We found slightly more and larger ischemic lesions in the right than left hemisphere after glioma resection. A statistically significant cluster of voxels of postoperative ischemia was found in the territory of the right MCA and watershed area of the right ACA. Exploration of the spatial distribution of these lesions could help elucidate their etiology and form the basis for predicting clinically relevant postoperative ischemia.

scholarly journals The appropriacy of fluency tests in assessing epileptic seizure lateralization in children with partial epilepsy

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
Jasmina Vuksanovic ◽  
Milena Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Seizure Focus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Right

Fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to asses executive functions. The literature data are not unequivocal although in a great number of papers is pointed out the importance of the left hemisphere, specially of the left frontal lobes in the mediation of phonological fluency and the right hemisphere in the mediation of nonverbal fluency. This paper considers the suitability of fluency tests for the detection of left versus right seizure laterality. The sample consisted of thirty-two epilepsy patients divided into two groups: LHF-participants with the seizure focus in the left hemisphere (n=16), and DHF-participants with the seizure focus in the right hemisphere (n=16), and K-the control group of t age-matched healthy children (n=50) aged 7-11 years. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the phonological and nonverbal fluency performance was carried out in consideration of the seizure laterality as well as compared to the healthy controls. The results of phonological fluency performance revealed that the performance of the LHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both DHF and K group. The analysis of nonverbal fluency performance revealed that the performance of the DHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both LHF and K group The qualitative analysis obtained valuable data, which could additionally contribute to the neuropsychological evaluation of the left versus right seizure laterality.

scholarly journals Prefrontal High Gamma in ECoG tags periodicity of musical rhythms in perception and imagination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Herff ◽  
C. Herff ◽  
A. J. Milne ◽  
G. D. Johnson ◽  
J. J. Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Musical Rhythms

AbstractRhythmic auditory stimuli are known to elicit matching activity patterns in neural populations. Furthermore, recent research has established the particular importance of high-gamma brain activity in auditory processing by showing its involvement in auditory phrase segmentation and envelope-tracking. Here, we use electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from eight human listeners, to see whether periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the envelope of musical rhythms during rhythm perception and imagination. Rhythm imagination was elicited by instructing participants to imagine the rhythm to continue during pauses of several repetitions. To identify electrodes whose periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the musical rhythms, we compute the correlation between the autocorrelations (ACC) of both the musical rhythms and the neural signals. A condition in which participants listened to white noise was used to establish a baseline. High-gamma autocorrelations in auditory areas in the superior temporal gyrus and in frontal areas on both hemispheres significantly matched the autocorrelation of the musical rhythms. Overall, numerous significant electrodes are observed on the right hemisphere. Of particular interest is a large cluster of electrodes in the right prefrontal cortex that is active during both rhythm perception and imagination. This indicates conscious processing of the rhythms’ structure as opposed to mere auditory phenomena. The ACC approach clearly highlights that high-gamma activity measured from cortical electrodes tracks both attended and imagined rhythms.

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