scholarly journals Sliding Contacts in Planetary Magnetospheres

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Elena Belenkaya ◽  
Igor Alexeev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Sliding Contacts ◽  
Radio Emissions ◽  
Planetary Magnetospheres ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
Non Local ◽  
A Current

In the planetary magnetospheres there are specific places connected with velocity breakdown, reconnection, and dynamo processes. Here we pay attention to sliding layers. Sliding layers are formed in the ionosphere, on separatrix surfaces, at the magnetopauses and boundaries of stellar astrospheres, and at the Alfvén radius in the equatorial magnetosphere of rapidly rotating strongly magnetized giant planets. Although sliding contacts usually occur in thin local layers, their influence on the global structure of the surrounding space is very great. Therefore, they are associated with non-local processes that play a key role on a large scale. There can be an exchange between different forms of energy, a generation of strong field-aligned currents and emissions, and an amplification of magnetic fields. Depending on the conditions in the magnetosphere of the planet/exoplanet and in the flow of magnetized plasma passing it, different numbers of sliding layers with different configurations appear. Some are associated with regions of auroras and possible radio emissions. The search for planetary radio emissions is a current task in the detection of exoplanets.

Is economic inequality a universal evil?

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
A Current

Using published estimates of inequality for two countries (Russia and USA) the paper demonstrates that inequality measuring still remains in the state of “statistical cacophony”. Under this condition, it seems at least untimely to pass categorical normative judgments and offer radical political advice for governments. Moreover, the mere practice to draw normative conclusions from quantitative data is ethically invalid since ordinary people (non-intellectuals) tend to evaluate wealth and incomes as admissible or inadmissible not on the basis of their size but basing on whether they were obtained under observance or violations of the rules of “fair play”. The paper concludes that a current large-scale ideological campaign of “struggle against inequality” has been unleashed by left-wing intellectuals in order to strengthen even more their discursive power over the public.

The Uncertainty Principle Derived by The Finite Transmission Speed of Light and Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Energy Fluctuation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analogy ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Minimum Uncertainty ◽  
Quantum Hydrodynamic ◽  
Transmission Speed

This work shows that in the frame of the stochastic generalization of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (QHA) the uncertainty principle is fully compatible with the postulate of finite transmission speed of light and information. The theory shows that the measurement process performed in the large scale classical limit in presence of background noise, cannot have a duration smaller than the time need to the light to travel the distance up to which the quantum non-local interaction extend itself. The product of the minimum measuring time multiplied by the variance of energy fluctuation due to presence of stochastic noise shows to lead to the minimum uncertainty principle. The paper also shows that the uncertainty relations can be also derived if applied to the indetermination of position and momentum of a particle of mass m in a quantum fluctuating environment.

scholarly journals Introducing Twitter Daily Estimates of Residents and Non-Residents at the County Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Yago Martín ◽  
Zhenlong Li ◽  
Yue Ge ◽  
Xiao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Population ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Home Location ◽  
Non Local

The study of migrations and mobility has historically been severely limited by the absence of reliable data or the temporal sparsity of available data. Using geospatial digital trace data, the study of population movements can be much more precisely and dynamically measured. Our research seeks to develop a near real-time (one-day lag) Twitter census that gives a more temporally granular picture of local and non-local population at the county level. Internal validation reveals over 80% accuracy when compared with users’ self-reported home location. External validation results suggest these stocks correlate with available statistics of residents/non-residents at the county level and can accurately reflect regular (seasonal tourism) and non-regular events such as the Great American Solar Eclipse of 2017. The findings demonstrate that Twitter holds the potential to introduce the dynamic component often lacking in population estimates. This study could potentially benefit various fields such as demography, tourism, emergency management, and public health and create new opportunities for large-scale mobility analyses.

Particle energization inside plasmoids: numerical and analytical investigations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhou Zhao ◽  
Rony Keppens ◽  
Fabio Bacchini
Keyword(s):  
Test Particle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Magnetic Islands ◽  
Chaotic Flow ◽  
Reynolds Decomposition ◽  
Particle Simulations ◽  
Particle Energization ◽  
Periodic Setting ◽  
A Current

<div> <div> <div> <p>In an idealized system where four magnetic islands interact in a two-dimensional periodic setting, we follow the detailed evolution of current sheets forming in between the islands, as a result of an enforced large-scale merging by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation. The large-scale island merging is triggered by a perturbation to the velocity field, which drives one pair of islands move towards each other while the other pair of islands are pushed away from one another. The "X"-point located in the midst of the four islands is locally unstable to the perturbation and collapses, producing a current sheet in between with enhanced current and mass density. Using grid-adaptive resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, we establish that slow near-steady Sweet-Parker reconnection transits to a chaotic, multi-plasmoid fragmented state, when the Lundquist number exceeds about 3×10<sup>4</sup>, well in the range of previous studies on plasmoid instability. The extreme resolution employed in the MHD study shows significant magnetic island substructures. Turbulent and chaotic flow patters are also observed inside the islands. We set forth to explore how charged particles can be accelerated in embedded mini-islands within larger (monster)-islands on the sheet. We study the motion of the particles in a MHD snapshot at a fixed instant of time by the Test-Particle Module incorporated in AMRVAC (). The planar MHD setting artificially causes the largest acceleration in the ignored third direction, but does allow for full analytic study of all aspects leading to the acceleration and the in-plane, projected trapping of particles within embedded mini-islands. The analytic result uses a decomposition of the test particle velocity in slow and fast changing components, akin to the Reynolds decomposition in turbulence studies. The analytic results allow a complete fit to representative proton test particle simulations, which after initial non-relativistic motion throughout the monster island, show the potential of acceleration within a mini-island beyond (√2/2)c≈0.7c, at which speed the acceleration is at its highest efficiency. Acceleration to several hundreds of GeVs can happen within several tens of seconds, for upward traveling protons in counterclockwise mini-islands of sizes smaller than the proton gyroradius.</p> </div> </div> </div><div></div><div></div>

The impact of relative CEO compensation on not-for-profit contributions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Kaden ◽  
Gary Peters ◽  
Juan Manuel Sanchez ◽  
Gary M. Fleischman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ceo Compensation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Content Type ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Survivorship Bias ◽  
Excess Cash ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Current

PurposeThe authors extend research suggesting that external funders reduce their contributions to not-for-profit (NFP) organizations in response to media-reported CEO compensation levels.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a maximum archival sample of 44,807 observations from US Form 990s, the authors comprehensively assess the extent that high relative NFP CEO compensation is associated with decreases in future contributions.FindingsThe authors find that donors and grantors react negatively to high relative CEO compensation but do not react adversely to high absolute executive compensation. Contributors seem to take issue with CEO compensation when they perceive it absorbs a relatively large portion of the organizations’ total expenses, which may hinder the NFP’s mission. Additional findings suggest that excess cash held by the NFP significantly exacerbates the negative baseline relationship between future contributions and high relative CEO compensation. Finally, both individual donors and professional grantors are sensitive to cash NFP CEO compensation levels, but grantors are more sensitive to CEO noncash compensation.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors’ data are focused on larger NFP organizations, so this limits the generalizability of the study. Furthermore, survivorship bias potentially influences their time-series investigations because a current year large-scale decrease in funding due to high relative CEO compensation may cause some NFP firms to drop out of the sample the following year due to significant funding reductions.Originality/valueThe study makes three noteworthy contributions to the literature. First, the study documents that the negative association between high relative CEO compensation levels and future donor and grantor contributions is much more widespread than previous literature suggested. Second, the authors document that high relative CEO compensation levels that trigger reductions in future contributions are significantly exacerbated by excess cash held by the NFP. Finally, the authors find that more sophisticated grantors are more sensitive to noncash CEO compensation levels as compared with donors.

Middle Preclassic Maya Shell Ornament Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobbi Hohmann ◽  
Terry G. Powis ◽  
Paul F. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Belize River Valley ◽  
Preclassic Maya ◽  
Preclassic Period ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Middle Preclassic ◽  
Marine Shell

Extensive archaeological investigations at the site of Pacbitun, a medium-sized Maya center located in west-central Belize, have revealed the large-scale production of marine shell ornaments during Middle Preclassic period (900-300 B.C.). Non-local marine shell and the restricted nature of its distribution indicate that some degree of control may have been exerted over the production and/or distribution of marine shell or the finished shell products. The sheer quantities of shell working debris in the site core of Pacbitun suggest that these ornaments were intended for intra- or extra-community exchange. Two different scenarios are presented to account for the quantity and spatial distribution of Middle Preclassic shell and shell working materials at Pacbitun and in the Belize River valley.

Dehydration and Sieving to 150 Microns Process of Melon Seed

2019 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Imelda de Jesús Loera-Hernández ◽  
Gerardo Espinosa-Garza
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Melon Seeds ◽  
A Current

Melon is one of the main horticultural products that are harvested in Mexico and is a sourceof employment and an important income for farmers in the country. Melon is in great demand in thejuice and pulp industry and nowadays it is a current task to develop technologies for the use ofprocessed seeds from melons. The objective of the present investigation is to determine the yield of15 minerals and the composition of fatty acids present in melon seeds in order to add value to thisresidue. Some polyphenols were also determined in order to verify their possible intake to reducecertain health problems. Allergies and lactose intolerances have increased in recent years andtherefore there has been a growing demand for alternatives. By taking advantage of the melon seeds,we sought to create a drink made of melon seeds as a substitute for milk. After performing severalexperiments in the lab, it was demonstrated that melon seeds contain high amounts of linoleic acid, asubstance that regulates hormone production, improves neuronal function, strengthens the immunesystem and reduces cholesterol, thus preventing certain cardiac problems.

Families, Funerals and Facebook: Reimag(in)ing and ‘Curating’ Toraja Kin in Trans-local Times

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Familial Relationships ◽  
Familial Bonds ◽  
Non Local ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Anthropological Literature

AbstractThe Sa'dan Toraja of upland Sulawesi, Indonesia have long been celebrated in the anthropological literature for their elaborate procession-filled mortuary rituals, which draw vast networks of kith and kin to mourn, memorialise, and reaffirm familial bonds and obligations. Whether residing in the homeland or abroad, most Torajans underscore funeral rites as the most vital expression of Toraja familial and cultural identity. Although some estimates suggest that more Torajans now reside off-island and overseas than remain in the homeland, extended familial funerals in the homeland continue to have a centripetal physical, economic and emotional pull. While various scholars have documented the ways in which remittances from Toraja migrants or the presence of international tourists have transformed Toraja funerals in recent decades, this article focusses on the role of social media in navigating global familial relationships and rituals. Indonesia has the largest number of Facebook subscribers in the world, and this study offers the first exploration of the ways in which Facebook interweaves far-flung familial relationships. This study also examines house-society orientations in the Toraja highlands and addresses the use of Facebook by Torajans in the homeland to cultivate continued allegiances to ancestral houses (around which extended Toraja families are oriented). Finally, this article also examines a large-scale 2012 Toraja funeral in order to spotlight the contours of the Toraja family in the current era of neoliberalism and cyber-technologies. The article offers insights into the ways in which various Torajans navigate social media and non-local corporations to image, reimagine and negotiate familial identities for various audiences (local, national and transnational).

scholarly journals Self-assembly of highly efficient, broadband plasmonic absorbers for solar steam generation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. e1501227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Yingling Tan ◽  
Dengxin Ji ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Field Enhancement ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Solar Steam Generation

The study of ideal absorbers, which can efficiently absorb light over a broad range of wavelengths, is of fundamental importance, as well as critical for many applications from solar steam generation and thermophotovoltaics to light/thermal detectors. As a result of recent advances in plasmonics, plasmonic absorbers have attracted a lot of attention. However, the performance and scalability of these absorbers, predominantly fabricated by the top-down approach, need to be further improved to enable widespread applications. We report a plasmonic absorber which can enable an average measured absorbance of ~99% across the wavelengths from 400 nm to 10 μm, the most efficient and broadband plasmonic absorber reported to date. The absorber is fabricated through self-assembly of metallic nanoparticles onto a nanoporous template by a one-step deposition process. Because of its efficient light absorption, strong field enhancement, and porous structures, which together enable not only efficient solar absorption but also significant local heating and continuous stream flow, plasmonic absorber–based solar steam generation has over 90% efficiency under solar irradiation of only 4-sun intensity (4 kW m−2). The pronounced light absorption effect coupled with the high-throughput self-assembly process could lead toward large-scale manufacturing of other nanophotonic structures and devices.

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