scholarly journals A New Approach to Intertemporal Choice: The Delay Function

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Salvador Cruz Rambaud ◽  
Isabel González Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Discount Function ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Delay Function ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Variation Rate ◽  
The Way

The framework of this paper is intertemporal choice, which traditionally has been studied with preference relations and discount functions. However, the interest of econophysics in this topic makes time become a central magnitude. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of delay function and, by using this tool, to analyze the concept of impatience and the different types of inconsistency. In behavioral finance, consistency is correlated with the concept of symmetry because, in this case, the indifference between two rewards does not change when the same delay is added to their respective availability dates. Moreover, we have shown the way to derive a discount (respectively, delay) function starting from the expression of its corresponding delay (respectively, discount) function by requiring some suitable conditions for this construction. Finally, we have deduced the concept of instantaneous variation rate and Prelec’s measure of inconsistency in terms of the delay function.

Synesthesia in the process of phraseologismformation: a new approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Irina Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Language Semantics ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Deep Stratum ◽  
The Way

Abstract The paper aims to explore how the process of phraseologism-formation is linked with the process of perception as part and parcel of human cognitive activity. Specifically, the research focuses on the role synesthesia plays in the construction of phraseological meaning. We proceed from the claim that the perceptual experience a human gains through multiple sensory channels while cognizing the world is preserved in the language semantics. Therefore, one of the main assumptions of the research is that synesthesia as a result of crossintegration of various perceptual sensations and their (sub)modalities influences the formation of phraseologisms and can be traced in their semantics. To test this assumption, a representative corpus of English and Russian phraseological units (more than 3,000) is analyzed. In the course of the analysis different types of synesthetic transfers that underlie the phraseological meanings in question are established. Special attention is paid to the way in which synesthesia is involved in the construction of the deep stratum of phraseological semantics that consists of the conceptual foundation (i.e., macro-metaphorical conceptual model) and phraseological image. Overall, the study offers further evidence that phraseological meaning is derived from the perceptual experience and from various synesthetic transfers in particular.

scholarly journals Delay Effect and Subadditivity. Proposal of a New Discount Function: The Asymmetric Exponential Discounting

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Cruz Rambaud ◽  
Piedad Ortiz Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Delay Effect ◽  
Discount Function ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Exponential Discount ◽  
Exponential Discounting ◽  
Decreasing Impatience

The framework of this paper is intertemporal choice and, more specifically, the so-called delay effect. Traditionally, this anomaly, also known as decreasing impatience, has been revealed when individuals reverse their preferences over monetary or non-monetary rewards. In this manuscript, we will analyze the delay effect by using preference relations and discount functions. The treatment of the delay effect with discount functions exhibits several scenarios for this paradox. Thus, the objective of this paper is to deduce the different expressions of the delay effect and their mathematical characterizations by using discount functions in stationary and dynamic settings. In this context, subadditivity will be derived as a particular case of decreasing impatience. Finally, we will introduce a new discount function, the so-called asymmetric exponential discount function, able to describe decreasing impatience.

Facial recognition technologies and the new physiognomic era

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Abigail Nieves Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
The Way

The current overproduction of images of faces in digital photographs and videos, and the widespread use of facial recognition technologies have important effects on the way we understand ourselves and others. This is because facial recognition technologies create new circulation pathways of images that transform portraits and photographs into material for potential personal identification. In other words, different types of images of faces become available to the scrutiny of facial recognition technologies. In these new circulation pathways, images are continually shared between many different actors who use (or abuse) them for different purposes. Besides this distribution of images, the categorization practices involved in the development and use of facial recognition systems reinvigorate physiognomic assumptions and judgments (e.g., about beauty, race, dangerousness). They constitute the framework through which faces are interpreted. This paper shows that, because of this procedure, facial recognition technologies introduce new and far-reaching »facialization« processes, which reiterate old discriminatory practices.

Legislation and the Constitutional Framework

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
French Law ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the main constitutional institutions and mechanism governing France, taking into account the major overhaul of the 1958 Constitution in 2008. It also shows that legislation is the primary source of law in France, that there are different types of legislation, and that legislative sources are organised hierarchically. Moreover, the chapter also considers, within the constitutional framework, the legislative process and examines the way in which bills are drafted. It also seeks to familiarise readers with the layout of a French statute. In addition, this chapter shows that much of French law though not all of it is codified. Codification is a particular legislative technique common to most civil law systems.

Imagery in the Book of Revelation

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Konrad Huber
Keyword(s):  
Reception History ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Figurative Speech ◽  
Theological Message ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The chapter first surveys different types of figurative speech in Revelation, including simile, metaphor, symbol, and narrative image. Second, it considers the way images are interrelated in the narrative world of the book. Third, it notes how the images draw associations from various backgrounds, including biblical and later Jewish sources, Greco-Roman myths, and the imperial cult, and how this enriches the understanding of the text. Fourth, the chapter looks at the rhetorical impact of the imagery on readers and stresses in particular its evocative, persuasive, and parenetic function together with its emotional effect. And fifth, it looks briefly at the way reception history shows how the imagery has engaged readers over time. Thus, illustrated by numerous examples, it becomes clear how essentially the imagery of the book of Revelation constitutes and determines its theological message.

scholarly journals “Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Ievgen Pylypchuk ◽  
Roman Selyanchyn ◽  
Tetyana Budnyak ◽  
Yadong Zhao ◽  
Mikael Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knudsen Diffusion ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Cellulose Membranes

Nanocellulose membranes based on tunicate-derived cellulose nanofibers, starch, and ~5% wood-derived lignin were investigated using three different types of lignin. The addition of lignin into cellulose membranes increased the specific surface area (from 5 to ~50 m2/g), however the fine porous geometry of the nanocellulose with characteristic pores below 10 nm in diameter remained similar for all membranes. The permeation of H2, CO2, N2, and O2 through the membranes was investigated and a characteristic Knudsen diffusion through the membranes was observed at a rate proportional to the inverse of their molecular sizes. Permeability values, however, varied significantly between samples containing different lignins, ranging from several to thousands of barrers (10−10 cm3 (STP) cm cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1cm), and were related to the observed morphology and lignin distribution inside the membranes. Additionally, the addition of ~5% lignin resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength from 3 GPa to ~6–7 GPa, but did not change thermal properties (glass transition or thermal stability). Overall, the combination of plant-derived lignin as a filler or binder in cellulose–starch composites with a sea-animal derived nanocellulose presents an interesting new approach for the fabrication of membranes from abundant bio-derived materials. Future studies should focus on the optimization of these types of membranes for the selective and fast transport of gases needed for a variety of industrial separation processes.

The Application of the Deviation Concept of Turbine Cycle Monitoring

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
H. T. Hoffman ◽  
C. P. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Precision Measurement ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Plant Personnel ◽  
Cycle Monitoring ◽  
The Way

In a companion paper, J. K. Salisbury has presented the theoretical aspects of a new approach to analyzing the steam turbine cycle. This paper presents the results of efforts at applying this new approach to the monitoring of the economics of turbine cycle operation. Means are presented for identifying cycle faults and determining the change in heat rate resulting from these faults. Very little in the way of precision measurement and calculation is required. These techniques are, therefore, amenable to use by plant personnel with the tools already at hand. By the same token they also provide advantages when employing data-processing equipment.

scholarly journals Symmetry breakdown and coupling constants of leptons

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil C. Marques ◽  
Dominique Spehler
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Electroweak Interactions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fundamental Interactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Symmetry Breakdown ◽  
A Value ◽  
Intermediate Bosons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Based on a new approach to symmetries of the fundamental interactions we deal, in this paper, with the electroweak interactions of leptons. We show that the coupling constants, arising in the way leptons are coupled to intermediate bosons, can be understood as parameters associated to the breakdown of SU(2) and parity symmetries. The breakdown of both symmetries is characterized by a new parameter (the asymetry parameter) of the electroweak interactions. This parameter gives a measure of the strength of breakdown of symmetries. We analyse the behaviour of the theory for three values of this parameter. The most relevant value is the one for which only the electromagnetic interactions do not break parity (the maximally allowed left-right asymetric theory). Maximamally allowed parity asymmetry is a requirement that is met for a value of Weinberg's theta-angle that is quite close to the experimental value of this parameter.

scholarly journals The behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Bénéden) in Pernambuco coastal waters, Brazil, and a further analysis of its reaction to boat traffic

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina P. Araújo ◽  
Antonio Souto ◽  
Lena Geise ◽  
Maria Elisabeth Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Boat Traffic ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Port Areas ◽  
The Way

There is still little knowledge about the behavior of the estuarine dolphins and also the way they react to the presence of different types of vessels. The aim of the present study was twofold: to investigate the behavior of estuarine dolphins in four locations in Pernambuco, Brazil, and also their reaction to the presence of common types of nautical crafts. The data of this study resulted from 48 fieldtrips to each of the four localities studied (ports of Recife and Suape, and beaches of Bairro Novo and Piedade), thus totaling 192 days of observations, with approximately 380 hours of actual sampling. Ten types of behavioral activities were counted for Bairro Novo beach and the port areas, but only four for Piedade beach. The greatest flows of boats were recorded in the port of Recife. Fishing boats were the commonest type in the port area of Recife and Bairro Novo beach, while tourist vessels predominated in the port of Suape and Piedade beach. During the observations of encounters between these boats and the estuarine dolphins, neutral reactions predominated for all the vessel types studied. The same type of reaction predominated when the distances at which the interactions between the animals and vessels occurred were correlated.

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