scholarly journals Research on Improvement of the Combination Method for Conflicting Evidence Based on Historical Data

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Honglei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rule ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Combination Methods ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
The Difference

In a multi-sensor system, due to the difference of performance of sensors and the environment in which the sensor collects evidence, evidence collected will be highly conflicting, which leads to the failure of D-S evidence theory. The current research on combination methods of conflicting evidence focuses on eliminating the problem of "Zadeh paradox" brought by conflicting evidence, but do not distinguish the evidence from different sources effectively. In this paper, the credibility of each piece of evidence to be combined is weighted based on historical data, and the modified evidence is obtained by weighted average. Then the final result is obtained by combining the modified evidence using D-S evidence theory, and the improved decision rule is used for the final decision. After the decision, the system updates and stores the historical data based on actual results. The improved decision rule can solve the problem that the system cannot make a decision when there are two or more propositions corresponding to the maximum support in the final combination result. This method satisfies commutative law and associative law, so it has the symmetry that can meet the needs of the combination of time-domain evidence. Numerical examples show that the combination method of conflict evidence based on historical data can not only solve the problem of “Zadeh paradox”, but also obtain more reasonable results.

scholarly journals An improved conflicting-evidence combination method based on the redistribution of the basic probability assignment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zezheng Yan ◽  
Hanping Zhao ◽  
Xiaowen Mei
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Probability Assignment ◽  
Basic Probability Assignment ◽  
Combination Methods ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Basic Probability ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conflict Intensity ◽  
Dempster’S Rule Of Combination

AbstractDempster–Shafer evidence theory is widely applied in various fields related to information fusion. However, the results are counterintuitive when highly conflicting evidence is fused with Dempster’s rule of combination. Many improved combination methods have been developed to address conflicting evidence. Nevertheless, all of these approaches have inherent flaws. To solve the existing counterintuitive problem more effectively and less conservatively, an improved combination method for conflicting evidence based on the redistribution of the basic probability assignment is proposed. First, the conflict intensity and the unreliability of the evidence are calculated based on the consistency degree, conflict degree and similarity coefficient among the evidence. Second, the redistribution equation of the basic probability assignment is constructed based on the unreliability and conflict intensity, which realizes the redistribution of the basic probability assignment. Third, to avoid excessive redistribution of the basic probability assignment, the precision degree of the evidence obtained by information entropy is used as the correction factor to modify the basic probability assignment for the second time. Finally, Dempster’s rule of combination is used to fuse the modified basic probability assignment. Several different types of examples and actual data sets are given to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed method. Furthermore, the comparative analysis reveals the proposed method to be better at obtaining the right results than other related methods.

scholarly journals A Self-Adaptive Combination Method in Evidence Theory Based on the Power Pignistic Probability Distance

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jing-wei Zhu ◽  
Yafei Song
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Adaptive Combination ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fusion Methods ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Probability Distance

Existing methods employed for combining temporal and spatial evidence derived from multiple sources into a single coherent description of objects and their environments lack versatility in various applications such as multi-sensor target recognition. This is addressed in the present study by proposing an adaptive evidence fusion method based on the power pignistic probability distance. This method classifies evidence sets into non-conflicting and conflicting evidence sets based on the maximum power pignistic probability distance obtained between evidence pairs in the evidence set. Non-conflicting evidence sets are fused using Dempster’s rule, while conflicting evidence sets are fused using a weighted average combination method based on the power pignistic probability distance. The superior evidence fusion performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparisons with the performances of seven other fusion methods based on numerical examples with four different evidence conflict scenarios. The results show that the method proposed in this paper not only can properly fuse different types of evidence, but also provides an excellent focus on the components of evidence sets with high confidence, which is conducive to timely and accurate decisions.

Conflicting evidence combination based on Belief Mover’s Distance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shenshen Bai ◽  
Longjie Li ◽  
Xiaoyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Information Fusion ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Combination Rule ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Evidence Combination ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Evidence

The Dempster-Shafer evidence theory has been extensively used in various applications of information fusion owing to its capability in dealing with uncertain modeling and reasoning. However, when meeting highly conflicting evidence, the classical Dempster’s combination rule may give counter-intuitive results. To address this issue, we propose a new method in this work to fuse conflicting evidence. Firstly, a new evidence distance metric, named Belief Mover’s Distance, which is inspired by the Earth Mover’s Distance, is defined to measure the difference between two pieces of evidence. Subsequently, the credibility weight and distance weight of each piece of evidence are computed according to the Belief Mover’s Distance. Then, the final weight of each piece of evidence is generated by unifying these two weights. Finally, the classical Dempster’s rule is employed to fuse the weighted average evidence. Several examples and applications are presented to analyze the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results manifest that the proposed method is remarkably effective in comparison with other methods.

scholarly journals Research on the Combination Method of Temporal Conflict Evidence Based on Transition Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bin Wu ◽  
Xiao Yi
Keyword(s):  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
Evidence Combination

Conflict evidence combination is an important research topic in evidence theory. In this paper, two kinds of transition matrices are constructed based on the Markov model; one is the unordered transition matrix, which satisfies the commutative law, and the other is the temporal transition matrix, which does not satisfy the commutative law, but it can handle the combination of temporal evidence well. Then, a temporal conflict evidence combination model is proposed based on these two transition matrices. First, the transition probability at the first n time is calculated through the model of unordered transition probability, and then, the transition matrix from the N + 1 time is used to solve the combination problem of temporal conflict evidence. The effectiveness of the transition matrix in the research of conflict evidence combination method is proved by the example analysis.

scholarly journals INFECTIOUS JUMP SKILLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Herli Pardilla ◽  
Mulyana Mulyana ◽  
Achmad Sofyan Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Combination Methods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Method Group

The aim of this research is to know the difference of learning method which consists of learning method part (A1), overall method (A2) and combination method (A3) with moderator of motor ability in improving skill. The experiment was conducted by using 2x3 factorial experimental method with population which used as target population. The research was student of Physical Education University of Riau Force 2016/2017 as many as 134 which consist of 89 son and 45 daughter. Sampling was done by selecting 27% of the highest score data and 27% lowest score. Result of hypothesis test 1) difference between group of method part (A1) with group of whole method (A2) equal to t0 (A1 x A2) = -1,699, p-value = 0,096 / 2 = 0,048 <0,05, mean h0 rejected. 2) the difference between the part method group (A1) and the combination method group (A3), worth t0 (A1xA3) = -3.490, p-value = 0.001 / 2 = 0.0005 <0.05, h0 is rejected. 3) the difference between the whole method group (A2) and the combination method group (A3) worth t0 (A2xA3) = -1.791, p-value = 0.080 / 2 = 0.040 <0.05, h0 is rejected. 4) Influence Interaction (Interaction Effect) Fo (AB) = 34,349 with p-value = 0,000 <0,05 or H0 is rejected. This means there is a very significant interaction effect. 5) Differences in skill jump results between high motor and high-motor (A1B1 - A2B1) methods were 3.496, p-value = 0.001 / 2 = 0.0005 <0.05 or H0 rejected. 6) Differences in skill jump results between high motor part and high motor combination method (A1B1 - A3B1) worth = 9.568, p-value = 0,000 / 2 = 0,000 <0.05 or H0 is rejected. 7) Differences in skill jump results between the overall method with high motor and high motor combination method (A2B1 - A3B1) worth = 6,072, p-value = 0.002 / 2 = 0.001 <0.05 or H0 is rejected. 8) The difference in the results of the jump skill between the part method with the low motor and the overall method with low motor (A1B2 - A2B2) worth = 0.286, p-value = 0.680 / 2 = 0.34> 0.05 or H0 is accepted thus, no there are differences.. 9) Differences in skipjack skill results between the low-motor part and low motor combination method (A1B2 - A3B2) = -1,800, p-value = 0.079 / 2 = 0.0395 <0.05 or H0 is rejected .10) Differences in skill jump results between overall and low motor methods and low motorized combination methods (A2B2 - A3B2) = -2.086, p-value = 0.043 / 2 = 0.0215 <0.05 or H0 is rejected. difference.   Keywords: infectious jump skills, learning methods and motor skills

Combination of Conflicting Evidence Based on Relative Entropy

2015 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
Shang Wu ◽  
Guo Chu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Entropy ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Extract Information

Combination of conflicting evidence usually resulted in illogical outcome. In order to solve this problem, an approach to acquire evidence reliability based on relative entropy was proposed by researching the evidence theory and relative entropy. Firstly, the weights of evidences were calculated by evidence distance, reference evidence was obtained by weighting and meaning. Then relative reliabilities were achieved by calculating the relative entropy between original evidence and reference evidence. In the end, final outcome was achieved by D-S composition. This method can commendably extract information in the conflict evidences. The result of the simulation proves it well.

Weighted Combination Method of Conflict Evidence Based on Deviation

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 1581-1585
Author(s):  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Coefficient ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Combination ◽  
Evidence Source ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Weight Coefficients ◽  
Weighted Combination ◽  
Good Standard

To solve the problem that D-S evidence combination method may lose effectiveness when evidences are highly or full conflict, we propose weighted combination method of conflict evidence based on deviation. We think, different evidence source is under different circumstance, so the importance of each evidence is different. It is necessary to give weight to every evidence, then conflict probability can only just be assigned. Deviation is a good standard to measure errors. In the circumstance the difference between probabilities from certain evidence source and their mean is too large, that indicates confidence of the evidence is small. So we can use deviation to structure the weight coefficient of each evidence. Based on the weight coefficients, conflict evidences are combined. This method corresponds to people’s thinking habit, only little calculation is needed, and satisfying consequence can be achieved.

scholarly journals What’s in a (Change of) Name? Much—but Not That Much—and Not What Wiebe Claims

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Fujiwara ◽  
Tim Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
International Association ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Academic Standards ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Consultative Body

Abstract Donald Wiebe claims that the IAHR leadership (already before an Extended Executive Committee (EEC) meeting in Delphi) had decided to water down the academic standards of the IAHR with a proposal to change its name to “International Association for the Study of Religions.” His criticism, we argue, is based on a series of misunderstandings as regards: 1) the difference between the consultative body (EEC) and the decision-making body (EC), 2) the difference between the preliminary points of view of individuals and final proposals by the EC, 3) personal conversations, 4) the link between the proposal to change the name and the wish to tighten up the academic profile of the IAHR. Moreover, if the final decision-making bodies, the International Committee and the General Assembly, adopt the proposal, the new name as little as the old can make the IAHR more or less scientific. Tightening up the academic, scientific profile of the IAHR takes more than a change of name.

scholarly journals Impact of immediate postpartum insertion of TCu380A on the quantity and duration of lochia discharges in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Projestine Selestine Muganyizi ◽  
Grasiana Festus Kimario ◽  
France John Rwegoshora ◽  
Ponsian Patrick Paul ◽  
Anita Makins
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Postpartum Contraception ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background The insertion of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUD) for the purpose of contraception immediately after delivery is becoming popular in countries where the use of IUD for contraception has been extremely low. Since 2015, Tanzania implemented the initiative by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) to institutionalize PPIUD. As a result of capacity building and information delivery under the initiative, there have been increased uptake of the method. Working in this context, the focus of the study was to generate evidence on the effect of TCu380A IUD on amount and duration of lochia and equip service providers with evidence-based knowledge which can help them in counselling their PPIUD clients. Objective Establish impact of postpartum TCu380A on amount and duration of lochia. Methods A prospective cohort study of delivered women in two teaching hospitals in Tanzania with immediate insertion of TCu380A or without use of postpartum contraception in 2018. TCu380A models; Optima (Injeflex Co. Brazil) and Pregna (Pregna International, Chakan, India) were used. Follow-up was done by weekly calls and examination at 6th week. Lochia was estimated by Likert Scale 0–4 relative to the amount of lochia on the delivery day. An estimated 250 women sample (125 each group) would give 80% power to detect a desired 20% difference in the proportion of women with prolonged lochia discharges among the Exposed and Unexposed groups. Data analysis was by SPSS. Results Two hundred sixty women were analysed, 127 Exposed and 133 Unexposed. Medical complaints were reported by 41 (28.9%) Exposed and 37 Unexposed (27.8%), p = 0.655. Lack of dryness by end of 6th week was to 31 (23.3%) Exposed and 9 (7.1%) Unexposed, p < 0.001. Exposed had higher weekly mean lochia scores throughout with the difference most marked in 5th week (3.556 Versus 2.039, p < 0.001) and 6th week (1.44 Versus 0.449, p<0.001). Conclusion PPIUD is associated with increased amount of lochia and slows progression to dryness within 6 weeks of delivery. The implications of PPIUD clients’ needs to be informed about the possibility of delayed dryness of lochia at time of counseling are discussed.

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