scholarly journals An Improved Integer Transform Combining with an Irregular Block Partition

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaowei Weng ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Wien Hong ◽  
Jeng-Shyang Pan ◽  
Chin-Chen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Invariance Property ◽  
Integer Transform ◽  
Image Block ◽  
Block Partition ◽  
Local Complexity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Embedding Performance ◽  
Partition Method ◽  
Embedding Distortion

After conducting deep research on all existing reversible data hiding (RDH) methods based on Alattar’s integer transform, we discover that the frequently-used method in obtaining the difference value list of an image block may lead to high embedding distortion. To this end, we propose an improved Alattar’s transform-based-RDH-method. Firstly, the irregular block partition method which makes full use of high correlation between two neighboring pixels is proposed to increase the embedding performance. Specifically, each image block is composed of a center pixel and several pixels surrounding this center pixel. Thus, the difference value list is created by using the center pixel to predict each pixel surrounding it. Since the center pixel is highly related to each pixel surrounding it, a sharp difference value histogram is generated. Secondly, the mean value of an image block in Alattar’s integer transform has embedding invariance property, and therefore, it can be used for increasing the estimation performance of a block’s local complexity. Finally, two-layer embedding is combined into our scheme in order to optimize the embedding performance. Experimental results show that our method is effective.

Reliability of a Single β-Thromboglobulin Measurement in a Diabetic Population : Importance of PGE1 in Anticoagulant Mixture

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Y Scarabin ◽  
L Strain ◽  
C A Ludlam ◽  
J Jones ◽  
E M Kohner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Release

SummaryDuring the collection of samples for plasma β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) determination, it is well established that artificially high values can be observed due to in-vitro release. To estimate the reliability of a single β-TG measurement, blood samples were collected simultaneously from both arms on two separate occasions in 56 diabetic patients selected for a clinical trial. From each arm, blood was taken into two tubes containing an anticoagulant mixture with (tube A) and without (tube B) PGE!. The overall mean value of B-TG in tube B was 1.14 times higher than in tube A (p <0.01). The markedly large between-arms variation accounted for the most part of within-subject variation in both tubes and was significantly greater in tube B than in tube A. Based on the difference between B-TG values from both arms, the number of subjects with artifically high B-TG values was significantly higher in tube B than in tube A on each occasion (overall rate: 28% and 14% respectively). Estimate of between-occasions variation showed that B-TG levels were relatively stable for each subject between two occasions in each tube. It is concluded that the use of PGEi decreases falsely high B-TG levels, but a single measurement of B-TG does not provide a reliable estimate of the true B-TG value in vivo.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

Effect of Ultrasound and Calf Stretching in relieving Gastrocnemius Tightness in subjects with Plantar Fascitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 3025-3028
Author(s):  
Sowmya M V ◽  
Nandhini S ◽  
Manigandan V
Keyword(s):  
Functional Ability ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gastrocnemius Tightness

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound and calf stretching in subjects with gastrocnemius tightness in plantar fascitis to reduce pain and improve functional ability. Method: 30 patients with plantar fascitis selected from Saveetha college of physiotherapy and rehabilitation center (SPARC) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were treated with ultrasound therapy and calf stretching. The pre and post test values of pain and functional ability was be calculated using Silfverskiold test and Foot Function Index as an outcome measure. Results: The mean value and standard errors were calculated for different variables and the difference in mean value was tested for statistical significance using paired t test. P value of <0.0001 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion: From the statistical analysis and graphical interpretation the final derived results concluded that combined therapy of ultrasound and calf stretching is found to be effective in relieving gastrocnemius tightness in patient suffering with plantar fascitis and it can be used to improve the functional activities.

scholarly journals Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve as a Donor Source for Digital Nerve Grafting: A Concept Revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bekir Unal ◽  
Kemal Gokkus ◽  
Evrim Sirin ◽  
Eren Cansü
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
Digital Nerve ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Time

Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the availability of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) autograft for acute or delayed repair of segmented digital nerve injuries. Patients and Methods: 13 digital nerve defects of 11 patients; treated with interposition of LACN graft that harvested from ipsilateral extremity were included in the study. Mean follow up period was 35, 7 months. The mean time from injury to grafting is 53, 3 days. The results of the mean 2PDT and SWMT values of injured /uninjured finger at the end of follow up period were evaluated with Paired T test. The correlation between the defect length and the difference of 2PDT, SWMT values between the uninjured and injured finger at the end of follow up period; were evaluated with Pearson - correlation analysis. Results: The mean value of our 2PDT and SWMT results are ~5,923, ~3, 52, respectively in which can be interpreted between the normal and diminished light touch. The defect length and difference percentage of SWMT values is positively and significantly correlated statistically. Mean length of interposed nerve grafts was 18.5 mm. The age of the patient and the mean values of 2PDT and SWMT with the difference % of 2PDT and % of SWMT are not statistically correlated. Conclusion: Based on results regarding sensory regaining at recipient side and negligible sensory deficit at harvesting side, we suggest that lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve might be a valuable graft option for digital nerve defects.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Effect of Institutional Ownership, Audit Committee, and Gender on Audit Report Lag in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Yulia Frischanita
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Audit Report ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this research are to analyst the negative effect of institutional ownership, audit committee and gender to audit report lag of mining company in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore for 2012-2016. Gender is proxied by gender of CEO and gender of Committee Audit’s Head. Not only that, the research also analyst the difference mean value of audit report lag in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. This research use random purposive sampling technique because the amount company gap after purposive sampling between three counties are high. Total of population of three countries are 67 companies and mining company which fulfill the criteria of purposive sampling is 43 companies. That are consist of 34 Indonesia’s mining companies, 3 Malaysia’s mining companies and 6 Singapore’s mining companies. The final sample is 13 companies consist of 5 Indonesia’s company, 5 Singapore’s company and 3 Malaysia’s Company. Multiple Linear Regression is used to examine the effect of independent variable to dependent variable, while One Way-Anova is used to examine the difference mean value of audit report lag. The result of this research are institutional ownership have negative effect to audit report lag, while audit committee and gender don’t have effect to audit report lag. Beside that, there is no difference mean value of audit report lag in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore because they have same regulation about maximal day of company to publish their financial report.

scholarly journals True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Raghunatha Rao D ◽  
Vasantha L
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.           During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals Manfaat Rendaman Air Hangat dan Garam dalam Menurunkan Derajat Edema Kaki Ibu Hamil Trimester III

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Sawitry Sawitry ◽  
Fitria Hikmatul Ulya ◽  
Elisabet Jemsi Adepatiloy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leg Edema

ABSTRAK Edema kaki terjadi hampir 80% dari semua kehamilan dan dapat menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan selama kehamilan seperti nyeri, merasa berat, kram pada malam hari, penebalan kulit, dan pigmentasi. Salah satu intervensi non farmakologis untuk mengurangi edema adalah rendaman air hangat dan garam yang merupakan intervensi untuk menghilangkan edema pada ekstremitas bawah  selama kehamilan. Menganalisis  pengaruh rendaman air hangat dan garam  terhadap edema kaki ibu hamil trimester III. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode quasy eksperimental one group pre test post test desaign. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 16 ibu hamil Trimester III dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Terjadi penurunan tingkat edema kaki pada ibu hamil dengan selisih nilai tengah edema kaki sebelum 4,00 dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 0,00  .Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan ρ value 0,000. Ada pengaruh rendaman air hangat dan garam  terhadap edema kaki ibu hamil trimester III. Kata Kunci : rendaman air hangat dan garam; edema; tungkai bawah ; ibu hamil.  THE EFFECT OF WARM WATER AND SALT IMMERSION IN DECLINING LEG EDEMA OF THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN  ABSTRACT Edema of the legs occurs in almost 80% of all pregnancies and can cause discomfort during pregnancy such as pain, feeling heavy, cramps at night, skin thickening, and pigmentation. One of the non-pharmacological interventions to reduce edema is soaking in warm water and salt which is an intervention to relieve edema in the lower extremities during pregnancy. This study was to determine the effect of warm water and salt immersion in declining leg edema of third trimester pregnant women. This quantitative research used quasy experimental method one group pre test post test desaign. The total samples were 16 respondents with purposive sampling and random sampling techniques. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The difference in the mean value of leg edema before 4.00 and after treatment was 0.00. The Wilcoxon test showed ρ value of 0.000. There is an effect of warm water and salt immersion on leg edema of third trimester pregnant women.   Keywords: warm water and salt soaking; edema; lower limbs; pregnant mother

scholarly journals Role of alternate healthy eating index (AHEI) in communicating the quality of diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Krishna Mohandas ◽  
L. Prema
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
The Difference

The food habits of global population has been evolving in such a way that makes unhealthy foods cheaper and widely available and healthy foods costly and less available. Being surrounded by such foods and living in an environment with lesser requirement for physical activity is the primary reason for the pandemic explosion in overweight and obesity. This study is an attempt to analyze the quality of diet with an aim to study the significance of Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) in predicting the quality of dietary intake. Methodology: The study was conducted in 66 respondents (44 females and 22 males) aged 18-65 years with BMI between 23 kg/m2 to 50 kg/m2. The respondent’s data were collected using a pretested standard questionnaire. The nutrient consumption was calculated from the 24 hour recall and the AHEI scores were derived from recall and food use frequency data. The data were analysed using SAS software. Results: The intake of Energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates were more than their requirement while intake of fibre was not meeting the requirement. The AHEI scores obtained ranged from 36 to 76 with a mean value of 55.6 ± 9.54. A positive linear association for AHEI with BMI (0.0362) and energy intake (0.13) was established through Pearson’s correlation while the association was negative with BMR (-0.14). Paired t test comparing AHEI against the difference between intake and requirement of macronutrients revealed that when the diet quality was good (as indicated by AHEI>51), the difference in intake exhibited a significant linear relationship with p values <0.001 while no relation was established when the diet quality was poor. Conclusion: AHEI encompasses all nutrients and food groups relevant to metabolic health and it can be used as a good tool to assess the quality of dietary habits of overweight and obese subjects.

scholarly journals FAKTOR PENDORONG KREATIVITI DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR POLITEKNIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Norfarahi Zulkifli ◽  
Mohd Isa Hamzah ◽  
Khadijah Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Student Gender ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to examine the factors that drive student creativity, identify key factors and look at differences in creativity factors for male and female students. A total of 119 respondents from one polytechnic in the southern zone were involved in this study. The study data were obtained from the administered questionnaire and the Cronbach Alpha value obtained was α = 0.873 and then analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis of student gender was seen using frequency and percentage while inference analysis using t-test at a significant level 0.05 was used to see the difference in creativity factors between genders. The results of the study found that the main factor that motivates student creativity is the knowledge factor with a mean value of 4.3025. In addition, studies also show that there is no difference in creativity factors between male and female students except for the knowledge factor. It is also hoped that this finding will provide an opportunity for lecturers to continue to strive and give encouragement during the teaching and learning process so that students' creativity can be highlighted through the factors that have been mentioned. Keywords: Creativity, Creative Thinking, Higher Education, Polytechnic, Students   Abstrak: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mendorong kreativiti pelajar, mengenalpasti faktor utama dan melihat perbezaan faktor kreativiti bagi pelajar lelaki dan perempuan. Seramai 119 responden telah terlibat dalam kajian ini yang merupakan pelajar di sebuah politeknik di zon selatan. Data kajian diperoleh daripada soal selidik yang telah ditabdir dan nilai Cronbach Alpha yang diperolehi ialah α = 0.873 dan seterunsya dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi. Analisis deskriptif mengenai jantina pelajar dilihat dengan menggunakan frekuensi dan peratusan manakala analisis inferensi menggunakan ujian t pada aras signifikan 0.05 digunakan untuk melihat perbezaan faktor kreativiti antara jantina. Hasil kajian mendapati faktor utama yang mendorong kreativiti pelajar ialah faktor ilmu pengetahuan dengan nilai min 4.3025. Melalui kajian ini juga diharap dapat memberikan peluang kepada pensyarah untuk terus berusaha dan memberi galakan semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran agar kreativiti pelajar dapat diserlahkan dan ditonjolkan lagi melalui faktor yang telah disebutkan. Kata kunci: Kreativiti, Pemikiran Kreatif, Pendidikan Tinggi, Politeknik, Pelajar

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