scholarly journals A Computational Design Method for Tucking Axisymmetric Origami Consisting of Triangular Facets

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Yuki Endo ◽  
Yoshihiro Kanamori ◽  
Jun Mitani
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Interior Vertex ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
3D Space ◽  
A Value ◽  
Flat Sheet

Three-dimensional (3D) origami, which can generate a structure through folding a crease pattern on a flat sheet of paper, has received considerable attention in art, mathematics, and engineering. With consideration of symmetry, the user can efficiently generate a rational crease pattern and make the fabricated shape stable. In this paper, we focus on a category of axisymmetric origami consisting of triangular facets and edit the origami in 3D space for expanding its variations. However, it is difficult to retain the developability, which requires the sum of the angles around each interior vertex needing to equal 360 degrees, for designing origami. Intersections occur between crease lines when such a value is larger than 360 degrees. On the other hand, blank spaces (unfolded areas) emerge in the crease pattern when the value is less than 360 degrees. The former case is difficult to generate a realizable shape due to the crease lines are intersected with each other. For the latter case, however, blank spaces can be filled with crease lines and become a part of the origami through tucking. Here, we propose a computational method to add flaps or tucks on the 3D shape, which contains non-developable interior vertices, for achieving the resulting origami. Finally, on the application side, we describe a load-bearing experiment on a stool shape-like origami to demonstrate the potential usage.

A Computational Design Method for a Shape Memory Alloy Wire Actuated Compliant Finger

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Chieh Lan ◽  
You-Nien Yang
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Output Force ◽  
Robotic Manipulations ◽  
Experimental Validations ◽  
High Work

This paper presents a computational method to design a compliant finger for robotic manipulations. As traditional mechanical fingers require bulky electromagnetic motors and numerous relative moving parts to achieve dexterous motion, we propose a class of fingers; the manipulation of which relies on finger deflections. These compliant fingers are actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires that exhibit high work-density, frictionless, and quiet operations. The combination of compliant members with embedded SMA wires makes the finger more compact and lightweight. Various SMA wire layouts are investigated to reduce their response time while maintaining sufficient output force. The mathematical models of finger deflection caused by SMA contraction are then derived along with experimental validations. As finger shapes are essential to the range of deflected motion and output force, we find its optimal initial shapes through the use of a shape parametrization technique. We further illustrate our method by designing a humanoid finger that is capable of three-dimensional manipulation. Since compliant fingers can be fabricated monolithically, we expect the proposed design method to be utilized for applications of various scales.

scholarly journals Expanding the space of protein geometries by computational design of de novo fold families

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjie Pan ◽  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
James S. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Biophysical Characterization ◽  
Structure Space ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Designer Proteins

AbstractNaturally occurring proteins use a limited set of fold topologies, but vary the precise geometries of structural elements to create distinct shapes optimal for function. Here we present a computational design method termed LUCS that mimics nature’s ability to create families of proteins with the same overall fold but precisely tunable geometries. Through near-exhaustive sampling of loop-helix-loop elements, LUCS generates highly diverse geometries encompassing those found in nature but also surpassing known structure space. Biophysical characterization shows that 17 (38%) out of 45 tested LUCS designs were well folded, including 16 with designed non-native geometries. Four experimentally solved structures closely match the designs. LUCS greatly expands the designable structure space and provides a new paradigm for designing proteins with tunable geometries customizable for novel functions.One Sentence SummaryA computational method to systematically sample loop-helix-loop geometries expands the structure space of designer proteins.

scholarly journals Computational Design and Analysis of a Magic Snake

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Li ◽  
Songming Hou ◽  
Thomas C. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Space Curve ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Slender Bodies ◽  
Self Similar

Abstract The Magic Snake (Rubik’s Snake) is a toy that was invented decades ago. It draws much less attention than Rubik’s Cube, which was invented by the same professor, Erno Rubik. The number of configurations of a Magic Snake, determined by the number of discrete rotations about the elementary wedges in a typical snake, is far less than the possible configurations of a typical cube. However, a cube has only a single three-dimensional (3D) structure while the number of sterically allowed 3D conformations of the snake is unknown. Here, we demonstrate how to represent a Magic Snake as a one-dimensional (1D) sequence that can be converted into a 3D structure. We then provide two strategies for designing Magic Snakes to have specified 3D structures. The first enables the folding of a Magic Snake onto any 3D space curve. The second introduces the idea of “embedding” to expand an existing Magic Snake into a longer, more complex, self-similar Magic Snake. Collectively, these ideas allow us to rapidly list and then compute all possible 3D conformations of a Magic Snake. They also form the basis for multidimensional, multi-scale representations of chain-like structures and other slender bodies including certain types of robots, polymers, proteins, and DNA.

scholarly journals A Computational Design Method for Transonic Turbomachinery Cascades

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sobieczky ◽  
D. S. Dulikravich
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Turbine Cascade ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Configuration Changes ◽  
Suitable Initial Data ◽  
Turbomachinery Cascades

This paper describes a systematical computational procedure to find configuration changes necessary to modify the resulting flow past turbomachinery cascades, channels and nozzles, to be shock-free at prescribed transonic operating conditions. The method is based on a finite area transonic analysis technique and the fictitious gas approach. This design scheme has two major areas of application. First, it can be used for design of supercritical cascades, with applications mainly in compressor blade design. Second, it provides subsonic inlet shapes including sonic surfaces with suitable initial data for the design of supersonic (accelerated) exits, like nozzles and turbine cascade shapes. This fast, accurate and economical method with a proven potential for applications to three-dimensional flows is illustrated by some design examples.

Aerodynamic Design of Turbomachinery Blading in Three-Dimensional Flow: An Application to Radial Inflow Turbines

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Yang ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
W. R. Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inviscid Flow ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Turbine Wheel

A computational method based on a theory for turbomachinery blading design in three-dimensional inviscid flow is applied to a parametric design study of a radial inflow turbine wheel. As the method requires the specification of swirl distribution, a technique for its smooth generation within the blade region is proposed. Excellent agreements have been obtained between the computed results from this design method and those from direct Euler computations, demonstrating the correspondence and consistency between the two. The computed results indicate the sensitivity of the pressure distribution to a lean in the stacking axis and a minor alteration in the hub/shroud profiles. Analysis based on a Navier–Stokes solver shows no breakdown of flow within the designed blade passage and agreement with that from a design calculation; thus the flow in the designed turbine rotor closely approximates that of an inviscid one. These calculations illustrate the use of a design method coupled to an analysis tool for establishing guidelines and criteria for designing turbomachinery blading.

Design of fixed wing micro air vehicles

2007 ◽  
Vol 111 (1119) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cosyn ◽  
J. Vierendeels
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Micro Air Vehicles ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Lattice Method ◽  
Reynolds Number Flow ◽  
Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation ◽  
Air Vehicles

Abstract The paper describes the methodology and computational design strategies used to develop a series of fixed wing micro air vehicles (MAVs) at the Ghent University. The emphasis of the research is to find an optimal MAV-platform that is bound to geometrical constraints but superior in its performance. This requires a multidisciplinary design optimisation but the challenges are mainly of aerodynamic nature. Key areas are endurance, stability, controllability, manoeuvrability and component integration. The highly three-dimensional low Reynolds number flow, the lack of experimental databases and analytical or empirical models of MAV-aerodynamics required fundamental research of the phenomena. This includes the use of a vortex lattice method, three-dimensional CFD-computations and a numerical propeller optimisation method to derive the forces and their derivatives of the MAV and propeller for performance and stability-related optimisation studies. The design method leads to a simple, stable and robust flying wing MAV-platform that has the agility of a fighter airplane. A prototype, the UGMAV25, was constructed and flight tests were performed. The capabilities of the MAV were tested in a series of successful flight manoeuvres. The UGMAV15, a MAV with a span of 15cm, is also developed to test flight-qualities and endurance at this small scale. With the current battery technology, a flight-time of at least one hour is expected.

Aerodynamic Design of Turbomachinery Blading in Three-Dimensional Flow: An Application to Radial Inflow Turbines

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Yang ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
W. R. Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inviscid Flow ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Turbine Wheel

A computational method, based on a theory for turbomachinery blading design in three-dimensional inviscid flow, is applied to a parametric design study of a radial inflow turbine wheel. As the method requires the specification of swirl distribution, a technique for its smooth generation within the blade region is proposed. Excellent agreements have been obtained between the computed results from this design method and those from direct Euler computations, demonstrating the correspondence and consistency between the two. The computed results indicate the sensitivity of the pressure distribution to a lean in the stacking axis and a minor alteration in the hub/shroud profiles. Analysis based on Navier-Stokes solver shows no breakdown of flow within the designed blade passage and agreement with that from design calculation; thus the flow in the designed turbine rotor closely approximates that of an inviscid one. These calculations illustrates the use of a design method coupled to an analysis tool for establishing guidelines and criteria for designing turbomachinery blading.

Innovative dome design: Applying geodesic patterns with shape annealing

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Shea ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Structural Language

AbstractShape annealing, a computational design method applied to structural design, has been extended to the design of traditional and innovative three-dimensional domes that incorporate the design goals of efficiency, economy, utility, and elegance. In contrast to deterministic structural optimization methods, shape annealing, a stochastic method, uses lateral exploration to generate multiple designs of similar quality that form a structural language of solutions. Structural languages can serve to enhance designer creativity by presenting multiple, spatially innovative, yet functional design solutions while also providing insight into the interaction between structural form and the trade-offs involved in multi-objective design. The style of the structures within a language is a product of the shape grammar that defines the allowable structural forms and the optimization model that provides a functional measure of the generated forms to determine the desirable designs. This paper presents an application of geodesic dome patterns that have been embodied in a shape grammar to define a structural language of domes. Within this language of domes, different dome styles are generated by changing the optimization model for dome design to include the design goals of maximum enclosure space, minimum surface area, minimum number of distinct cross-sectional areas, and visual uniformity. The strengths of the method that will be shown are 1) the generation of both conventional domes similar to shape optimization results and spatially innovative domes, 2) the generation of design alternatives within a defined design style, and 3) the generation of different design styles by modifying the language semantics provided by the optimization model.

scholarly journals Structure-based design of antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Gustavo Garcia ◽  
Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami ◽  
Feng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Structure Activity

ABSTRACTAntisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an emerging class of drugs that target RNAs. Current ASO designs strictly follow the rule of Watson-Crick base pairing along target sequences. However, RNAs often fold into structures that interfere with ASO hybridization. Here we developed a structure-based ASO design method and applied it to target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our method makes sure that ASO binding is compatible with target structures in three-dimensional (3D) space by employing structural design templates. These 3D-ASOs recognize the shapes and hydrogen bonding patterns of targets via tertiary interactions, achieving enhanced affinity and specificity. We designed 3D-ASOs that bind to the frameshift stimulation element and transcription regulatory sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and identified lead ASOs that strongly inhibit viral replication in human cells. We further optimized the lead sequences and characterized structure-activity relationship. The 3D-ASO technology helps fight coronavirus disease-2019 and is broadly applicable to ASO drug development.

Buried Corrugated Thermoplastic Pipe: Simulation and Design

2003 ◽  
Vol 1849 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Schafer ◽  
T. J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Negative Bending

The objective of this study was to demonstrate a computational method for assessing the allowable depth of fill over a buried thermoplastic profile wall (corrugated) plastic pipe and to compare the results with those of the recently adopted AASHTO design method. The computational method is demonstrated for a 1,500-mm (60-in.) diameter high-density polyethylene profile wall pipe but is applicable to all profile wall thermoplastic pipe that exhibits local buckling limit states. The computational model compares strain demands predicted from a two-dimensional plane strain finite element model of buried pipe in the embankment condition with strain capacity predicted from a three-dimensional finite element model of a pipe–soil segment undergoing thrust or positive and negative bending, or both. The strain demands indicate the dominance of thrust strains as opposed to bending strains in the overall behavior, particularly for intermediate to larger fill depths. In the examined profile the ultimate strain capacity is limited by local buckling for thrust strains and positive bending (crest in compression) and inward radial movement of the crest for negative bending (liner in compression). Predictions for depth of fill by the new AASHTO design method for thermoplastic pipe and the computational method agree within 10% of one another when uniform soil distribution is considered and within 20% of one another when a soft haunch and other soft soils are considered in the pipe–soil envelope.

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