scholarly journals Assessment of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles against Secondary Cystic Echinococcosis in BALB/c Mice

Surfaces ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Samir Mustafa Hamad ◽  
Bushra Hussain Shnawa ◽  
Parwin Jalal Jalil ◽  
Mukhtar H. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a highly prevalent parasitic disease resulting from the hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus. It is also described as a zoonotic disease and considered a neglected tropical infection. Aim: This study assessed the antiparasitic activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), against E. granulosus infection in BALB/c mice. Methods: The green synthesis of AgNPs was accomplished using Zizyphus spina-christi leaves. AgNPs were orally administered to BALB/c mice for acute short-term toxicity evaluation, in doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and 300 mg/kg, and observations for toxic signs were carried out at 24, 48 h, and 14 days, continuously. Moreover, a total of 20 mice divided into two groups were intraperitoneally administered with 1500 viable protoscoleces for secondary hydatidosis infection. Results: The results showed that AgNPs did not induce any adverse effects or signs and no death, in either group of mice. The histopathological findings in the liver, kidneys, and intestine of the mice administered with AgNPs revealed mild histological effects compared with the control ones. The treated-infected mice showed a change in the appearance of the liver hydatid cysts from hyaline to milky cloudy compared with the untreated infected mice. Conclusion: Biosynthesized AgNPs showed anti-hydatic effects and are suggested as anti-echinococcal cyst treatment.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDE ACTION OF COMPLEX DRUGS INSPECTOR QUADRO C AND INSPECTOR QUADRO K AT APHANIPTEROSIS IN CATS AND DOGS

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Artemov ◽  
Belykh ◽  
Arisova
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Ctenocephalides Canis ◽  
Instructions For Use ◽  
And Control

Aphanipterosis is a parasitic disease which is caused by fleas Siphonaptera parasitizing on an animal body. In 97 per cent of the cases the fleas Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis parasite on dogs and cats.The therapeutic efficacy of complex drugs «INSPECTOR QUADRO С» and «INSPECTOR QUADRO К» at aphanipterosis in dogs and cats was examined. The drugs were tested in veterinary clinics in Moscow and Volgograd. The drugs are in the form of topical solutions and contain fipronil, pyriproxyfen, praziquantel and moxidectin as active ingredients.The efficacy of drugs was studied on spontaneously infested dogs and cats. Before the experiment skin and hair of animals were examined and a quantity of ectoparasites (example/animal units) was defined. Dogs and cats were divided by the principle of couples analogs into two groups taking into account age, weight and the physiological status of an animal: experimental and control. The animals were treated once according to instructions for use. Monitoring of drug efficacy was carried out in 24 hours, 14 and 30 days after treatment. During researches animals were observed: the general condition, behavior, receiving of food and water, appearance of allergic reactions were noted, skin and hair were examined.Upon examination of dogs and cats infested by fleas, no fleas were found on skin and hair in 14 days after treatment. No living insects were found at further observation of experimental animals within 30 days. Thus, the therapeutic efficacy of complex drugs «INSPECTOR QUADRO С» and «INSPECTOR QUADRO К» at aphanipterosis in dogs and cats was 100%. No adverse effects and complications in animals were found.

Silver Nanoparticles in Cancer: Therapeutic Efficacy and Toxicity

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ong ◽  
J.Z.Z. Lim ◽  
C-T. Ng ◽  
J.J. Li ◽  
L-Y.L. Yung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy

Oil pollution and fisheries

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

The term ‘pollution’ is taken in its broadest sense and effects are recognized to be due to interference, tainting and toxicity. Each of these types of impact is discussed and assessed. It is concluded that no long-term adverse effects on fish stocks can be attributed to oil but that local impacts can be extremely damaging in the short term and that produce from specific localities can be tainted and unmarketable for long periods. In some coastal areas oil can be one among several contributors to reduced water quality, and the implications of this are discussed.

scholarly journals Human and animal cystic echinococcosis in Tataouine governorate: hypoendemic area in a hyperendemic country, myth or reality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim M’rad ◽  
Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues ◽  
Massaouda Ghrab ◽  
Hamouda Babba ◽  
Myriam Oudni-M’rad
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Sera Samples

Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has a worldwide distribution and is especially prevalent in North African countries. With a mean annual surgical incidence (ASI) of CE of 12.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, Tunisia is one of the most CE endemic countries in the Mediterranean area. Tataouine governorate is considered to be the most CE hypoendemic region in Tunisia (ASI = 0.92) despite favourable socioeconomic conditions that enable maintenance of the Echinococcus granulosussensu lato (s.l.) life-cycle and a significant environmental contamination with E. granulosuss.l. eggs. The aim of this study was to assess human CE seroprevalence, prevalence of CE in food animals and environmental contamination by E. granulosus s.l. eggs in different districts of Tataouine governorate. Methods This study was conducted from January to December 2018. A total of 374 human sera samples were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against E. granulosus using a commercial ELISA kit. Specimens were also collected from animals slaughtered at the Tataouine abattoir (n = 8609) and examined for the presence of hydatid cysts; 111 hydatid cysts were genotyped. Eggs of E. granulosuss.l. were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing from dog faecal samples (n = 288). Results Serological tests showed that 8.5% of the sera samples tested were positive for E. granulosus-specific antibodies. The average prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock was 1.6%, and CE infection was more prevalent in cattle than in sheep, goats and dromedaries. The contamination rate of dog faeces by E. granulosus sensu stricto eggs varied significantly from 0 to 23.5% depending on the collection area. Molecular analyses only revealed the presence of the G1 genotype for cysts and eggs. Conclusions Based on our findings, CE is likely to be more endemic in the Tataouine governorate than previously described. Thus, to implement an effective control programme against CE, a national survey should be carried out to determine human CE prevalence in the different Tunisian governorates. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Haloferax sp. NRS1: image analysis, characterization, in vitro thrombolysis and cytotoxicity

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend M. Tag ◽  
Amna A. Saddiq ◽  
Monagi Alkinani ◽  
Nashwa Hagagy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps

AbstractHaloferax sp strain NRS1 (MT967913) was isolated from a solar saltern on the southern coast of the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The present study was designed for estimate the potential capacity of the Haloferax sp strain NRS1 to synthesize (silver nanoparticles) AgNPs. Biological activities such as thrombolysis and cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated. The characterization of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Haloferax sp (Hfx-AgNPs) was analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dark brown color of the Hfx-AgNPs colloidal showed maximum absorbance at 458 nm. TEM image analysis revealed that the shape of the Hfx-AgNPs was spherical and a size range was 5.77- 73.14 nm. The XRD spectra showed a crystallographic plane of silver nanoparticles, with a crystalline size of 29.28 nm. The prominent FTIR peaks obtained at 3281, 1644 and 1250 cm− 1 identified the Functional groups involved in the reduction of silver ion reduction to AgNPs. Zeta potential results revealed a negative surface charge and stability of Hfx-AgNPs. Colloidal solution of Hfx-AgNPs with concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μg/mL was used to determine its hemolytic activity. Less than 12.5 μg/mL of tested agent showed no hemolysis with high significant decrease compared with positive control, which confirms that Hfx-AgNPs are considered non-hemolytic (non-toxic) agents according to the ISO/TR 7405-1984(f) protocol. Thrombolysis activity of Hfx-AgNPs was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, Hfx-AgNPs may be considered a promising lead compound for the pharmacological industry.

Lifetime bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles accelerates functional aging by inactivating antioxidant pathways, an effect reversed by pterostilbene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Yu Chen ◽  
Yu-Chen Su ◽  
Fong-Yu Cheng ◽  
Shian-Jang Yan ◽  
Ying-Jan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Safety Concerns

Engineered nanoparticles raise safety concerns. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exert acute and chronic adverse effects by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress signaling pathways. We investigated the mechanisms by which AgNPs...

Short-term Modulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis and Preventive/Therapeutic Efficacy of Various Agents in a Mammary Cancer Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5488-5496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Christov ◽  
Clinton J. Grubbs ◽  
Anne Shilkaitis ◽  
M. Margaret Juliana ◽  
Ronald A. Lubet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Mammary Cancer Model

scholarly journals Levofloxacin Use in the Neonate: A Case Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi D. Newby ◽  
Kathryn E. Timberlake ◽  
Lyndsay M. Lepp ◽  
Tamara Mihic ◽  
Deonne A. Dersch-Mills
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Postmenstrual Age

We report 6 cases of intravenous levofloxacin use to treat multidrug-resistant nosocomial respiratory infections in neonates with a postmenstrual age ranging from 27 to 42 weeks. Because of a lack of neonatal-specific information for levofloxacin, the usual pediatric dosage (10 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours) was used in these patients. Clinical cure occurred in 5 of the 6 patients. Only minimal short-term adverse effects were noted.

scholarly journals Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Cowpea-Porous-Starch-Formulated Silver Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shiara Ramdath ◽  
John Mellem ◽  
Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps

Health issues involving inadequate treatment of diseases such as cancer and microbial infections continue to be the subject of much ongoing recent research. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer, Ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, using the disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Cell viability profiles were evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and apoptosis studies on selected human noncancer and cancer cells. The biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated to be spherical clusters, with sizes between 40 and 70 nm. The absorption peak at 423 nm and the presence of polyphenols confirmed the synthesis and stabilization of these tested AgNPs. The AgNPs showed a good stability of −23.9 ± 1.02 mV. Good antimicrobial activity (6.0–18.0 mm) was seen on all tested bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 5 to 16 μg/ml, with the highest activity seen against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (18 ± 0.5 mm), and the lowest activity was seen against Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (6.0 ± 0.4 mm) after treatment with the AgNPs. These NPs showed a concentration-dependent and cell-specific cytotoxicity with low IC50 values (41.7, 56.3, and 63.8 μg/ml). The NPs were well tolerated by tested cells as indicated by a more than 50% cell viability at the high dose tested and low apoptotic indices (<0.2). These findings indicated that these biosynthesized AgNPs showed great potential as effective antibacterial agents and anticancer drug delivery modalities.

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