scholarly journals A Surface Morphological Study, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Photo-Stabilizers Utilizing Ibuprofen Tin Complexes against Ultraviolet Radiation

Surfaces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-593
Author(s):  
Baraa Watheq ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani ◽  
Alaa Mohammed ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Conjugation System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tin Complexes ◽  
Photo Stability

In this work, three Ibuprofen tin complexes were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 119Sn-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies to identify the structures. The complexes were mixed separately with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to improve its photo-stability properties. Their activity was demonstrated by several approaches of the FTIR to exhibit the formation of new groups within the polymer structure due to the exposure to UV light. Moreover, the polymer’s weight loss during irradiation and the average molecular weight estimation using its viscosity before and after irradiation were investigated. Furthermore, different techniques were used to study the surface morphology of the PVC before and after irradiation. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and optical microscope demonstrated that applying Ibuprofen tin complexes keeps the surface of PVC smoother, with fewer cracks and spots after irradiation comparing to the blank PVC. Finally, It seems possible that such synthesized Ibuprofen tin complexes can work as excellent photo-stabilizers of PVC. In particular, complex 1 showed the best results among other stabilizers due to the large conjugation system of the stabilizer.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar G. Mousa ◽  
Gamal A. El‐Hiti ◽  
Mohammed A. Baashen ◽  
Muna Bufaroosha ◽  
Ahmed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Pvc Film ◽  
Tin Complexes

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) undergoes photodegradation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; therefore, for outdoor applications, its photostability should be enhanced through the use of additives. Several carvedilol tin complexes were synthesized, characterized and mixed with PVC to produce thin films. These films were irradiated at 25 °C with a UV light (λ = 313 nm) for up to 300 h. The reduction in weight and changes in chemical structure and surface morphology of the PVC films were monitored. The films containing synthesized complexes showed less undesirable changes than the pure PVC film. Organotin with a high content of aromatics was particularly efficient in inhibiting photodegradation of PVC. The carvedilol tin complexes both absorbed UV light and scavenged radicals, hydrochloride, and peroxides and, therefore, photostabilized PVC.

scholarly journals Tin(IV) Compounds as Photo-Stabilizers for Irradiated Surfaces of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films

Surfaces ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Alaa Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed Kadhom ◽  
Emad Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Content Change ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dimethyl-organotin(IV) valsartan (Me2SnL2) and dichlorostannanediyl valsartan (SnL2Cl2) complexes were synthesized, characterized, and applied as Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) photo-stabilizers. The complexes were loaded within the PVC films in a weight ratio of 0.5%, and the modified films were irradiated to a UV light of 313 nm wavelength for 300 h at room temperature. The efficiency of the complexes-filled films was compared with the plain one and evaluated before and after irradiation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, gel content, change in viscosity, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The SnL2Cl2 complex had higher activity than the Me2SnL2 complex to retard the PVC’s photodegradation by several mechanisms.

scholarly journals Tin Complexes of 4-(Benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation and Their Efficiency as PVC Photostabilizers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2434
Author(s):  
Hassan Ghani ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Benson M. Kariuki ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Process Decomposition ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Tin Complexes ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) suffers from photo-xidation and photodegradation when exposed to harsh conditions. Application of PVC thus relies on the development of ever more efficient photostabilizers. The current research reports the synthesis of new complexes of tin and their assessment as poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilizers. The three new complexes were obtained in high yields from reaction of 4-(benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide and tin chlorides. Their structures were elucidated using different tools. The complexes were mixed with poly(vinyl chloride) at a very low concentration and thin films were made from the blends. The effectiveness of the tin complexes as photostabilizers has been established using a variety of methods. The new tin complexes led to a decrease in weight loss, formation of small residues, molecular weight depression, and surface alteration of poly(vinyl chloride) after irradiation. The additives act by absorption of ultraviolet light, removal the active chlorine produced through a dehydrochlorination process, decomposition of peroxides, and coordination with the polymeric chains. The triphenyltin complex showed the greatest stabilizing effect against PVC photodegradation as a result of its high aromaticity.

On the analysis of wide-angle X-ray diffraction curves of poly(vinyl chloride) samples

Polymer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1615-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul J. Guerrero ◽  
Hector Veloso ◽  
Ernani Randon
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

scholarly journals Tin Complexes Containing an Atenolol Moiety as Photostabilizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Baneen Salam ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽  
Muna Bufaroosha ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Phenyl Rings ◽  
Tin Complexes ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Loss Determination ◽  
Surface Changes

The lifetime of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) can be increased through the addition of additives to provide protection against irradiation. Therefore, several new tin complexes containing atenolol moieties were synthesized and their photostabilizing effect on PVC was investigated. Reacting atenolol with a number of tin reagents in boiling methanol provided high yields of tin complexes. PVC was then mixed with the tin complexes at a low concentration, producing polymeric thins films. The films were irradiated with ultraviolet light and the resulting damage was assessed using different analytical and surface morphology techniques. Infrared spectroscopy and weight loss determination indicated that the films incorporating tin complexes incurred less damage and less surface changes compared to the blank film. In particular, the triphenyltin complex was very effective in enhancing the photostability of PVC, and this is due to its high aromaticity (three phenyl rings) compared to other complexes. Such an additive acts as a hydrogen chloride scavenger, radical absorber, and hydroperoxide decomposer.

Beam Damage of Poly(vinyl chloride) [PVC] Film as Observed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Engelhard ◽  
Abhilash Krishna ◽  
Pranita Kulkarni ◽  
Chi-Ying Lee ◽  
Don Baer
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Pvc Film ◽  
Beam Damage
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