scholarly journals The Role of Access to Finance in Explaining Cross-National Variation in Entrepreneurial Activity: A Panel Data Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Anton ◽  
Ionel Bostan
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship, finance entrepreneurs and job creation: Evidence from panel data

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Manuela Vega-Pascual ◽  
Filippo Di Pietro ◽  
Rafaela Alfalla-Luque
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Finance ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Business Context ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Within the line of research in entrepreneurship and economic development that defends the entrepreneurial activity as a tool for job creation and activation of the economy, we will perform an empirical analysis in Spain of the relationship between the institutional environment, specifically the entrepreneurial finance variable , capital structure and growth of young firms. To this end, this study focuses on the business context of young Spanish SMEs and uses information from the GEM and SABI databases for the period 2008-2015. Using the panel data methodology, empirical evidence is provided that access to finance favors the indebtedness of young Spanish SMEs, and leverage is an explanatory factor of job creation. The data is consistent at the country and regional levels. Therefore, an institutional effort, both public and private, that facilitates financing entrepreneurs will favor the creation of employment and economic growth. The authors have contributed equally to this research. </p><p>[Emprendimiento, financiación para los emprendedores y creación de empleo: Evidencias a través de datos de panel]</p><p>Dentro de la línea de investigación en emprendimiento y desarrollo económico que defiende  la iniciativa emprendedora como herramienta de creación de empleo y activación de la economía, vamos a realizar un análisis empírico en España de la relación entre entorno institucional, concretamente de la variable apoyo financiero, estructura de capital y crecimiento de jóvenes empresas. Para ello, este estudio se centra en el contexto empresarial de las jóvenes PYMES españolas y utiliza información de las bases de datos GEM y SABI para el horizonte temporal 2008-2015. Mediante la metodología de datos de panel se aporta evidencia empírica de que el apoyo financiero favorece el endeudamiento de las jóvenes PYMES españolas, y el apalancamiento es un factor explicativo de la creación de empleo. Los datos son consistentes a nivel país y a nivel regional. Por tanto, un esfuerzo institucional, tanto público como privado, que facilite el acceso a la financiación empresarial favorecerá la creación de empleo y el crecimiento económico. Todos los autores han contribuido de igual manera en esta investigación.</p>

Sounds without borders: Exploring the cross-national expansion of commercial European Radio Groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 026732312110121
Author(s):  
Montse Bonet ◽  
David Fernández-Quijada
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
National Market ◽  
The Cross ◽  
National Champions ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Expansion Strategies

This article aims to study how private European radio is becoming commercially international through the expansion of radio brands beyond their national market. It is the first ever analysis of the expansion strategies of radio groups across Europe, including their footprint in each market in which they operate, from the political economy of cultural industries. The article maps the main radio groups in Europe, analyses cross-national champions in depth and establishes three main types. This study shows that, thanks to the possibilities of a deregulated market, strengthening the role of the brand and the format, and the agreements with other groups, broadcasting radio has overcome the obstacles that, historically, hindered its cross-border expansion.

scholarly journals Up to No Good? Gender, Social Impact Work, and Employee Promotions

2021 ◽  
pp. 000183922110206
Author(s):  
Christiane Bode ◽  
Michelle Rogan ◽  
Jasjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Male Gender Role ◽  
Promotion Rates ◽  
Vignette Experiment

Firms increasingly offer employees the opportunity to participate in firm-sponsored social impact initiatives expected to benefit the firm and employees. We argue that participation in such initiatives hinders employees’ advancement in their firms by reducing others’ perceptions of their fit and commitment. Because social impact work is more congruent with female than male gender role stereotypes, promotion rates will be lower for participating men, and male evaluators will be less likely than female evaluators to recommend promotion for male participants. Using panel data on 1,379 employees of a consulting firm, we find significantly lower promotion rates for male participants relative to female participants, female non-participants, and male non-participants. A vignette experiment involving 893 managers shows that lower promotion rates are due to lower perceptions of fit, but not commitment, and greater bias against male participants by male evaluators. Taken together, the results of the two studies suggest that the negative effect of participation on promotion is conditional upon participant and evaluator gender, underscoring the role of gender in evaluation of social impact work. In settings in which decision makers are predominately male, gender beliefs may limit male employees’ latitude to contribute to the firm’s social impact agenda.

scholarly journals Assessing Short-Term Fertility Intentions and Their Realisation Using the Generations and Gender Survey: Pitfalls and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Brzozowska ◽  
Eva Beaujouan
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
National Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Questionnaire Adaptation ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThe use of fertility intention questions to study individual childbearing behaviour has developed rapidly in recent decades. In Europe, the Generations and Gender Surveys are the main sources of cross-national data on fertility intentions and their realisation. This study investigates how an inconsistent implementation of a question about wanting a child now affects the cross-country comparability of intentions to have a child within the next three years and their realisation. We conduct our analysis separately for women and men at prime and late reproductive ages in Austria, France, Italy and Poland. The results show that the overall share of respondents intending to have a child at some point in their life is similar in all four analysed countries. However, once the time horizon and the degree of certainty of fertility intentions are included, substantial cross-country differences appear, particularly in terms of proceptive behaviour and, consequently, the realisation of fertility intentions. We conclude that the inconsistent questionnaire adaptation makes it very difficult to assess the role of country context in the realisation of childbearing intentions.

scholarly journals Organizational integration mechanisms and knowledge transfer effectiveness in MNCs: The moderating role of cross-national distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 100872
Author(s):  
Pedro López-Sáez ◽  
Jorge Cruz-González ◽  
Jose Emilio Navas-López ◽  
María del Mar Perona-Alfageme
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
Organizational Integration ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Cross National

The Effect of Rural Poverty on Access to Land in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522097106
Author(s):  
Kassie Dessie Nigussie ◽  
Assefa Admassie ◽  
M. K. Jayamohan
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Tobit Models ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Poverty Status

Land ownership and its persistent gap between rich and poor is one of the pressing development challenges in Africa. Access to land has fundamental implications for a poor and agrarian African economy like Ethiopia, where most people depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Empirical literatures suggest that access to land is a cause and effect of poverty—at the same time, the role of poverty status of the household in gaining or limiting access to land has received only a passing attention from researchers. This study investigates the effect of ‘being poor’ on access to land using ordered probit and censored tobit models. Three wave panel data of Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS) collected between 2011–12 and 2015–16 are used for the analysis. The study result confirms that poverty does have significant effect on household’s participation and intensity of participation on both sides of the rental market. It is found that being poor, as compared to non-poor counterpart, leads to an increase in the likelihood of rent-in land by 0.068 hectare and reduce the likelihood of rent-out land by 0.046 hectare at 1% and 5% significance levels, respectively. The tenants are not characterised as economically disadvantaged reflecting the existence of reverse tenancy among rural poor in Ethiopia.

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