scholarly journals Fostering Sustainable Travel Behavior: Role of Sustainability Labels and Goal-Directed Behavior Regarding Touristic Services

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfriede Penz ◽  
Eva Hofmann ◽  
Barbara Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Disrupted Salience and Cingulo-Opercular Network Connectivity During Impaired Rapid Instructed Task Learning in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262095934
Author(s):  
Julia M. Sheffield ◽  
Holger Mohr ◽  
Hannes Ruge ◽  
Deanna M. Barch
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Task Learning ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Task Goals ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
And Control ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Rapid instructed task learning (RITL) is the uniquely human ability to transform task information into goal-directed behavior without relying on trial-and-error learning. RITL is a core cognitive process supported by functional brain networks. In patients with schizophrenia, RITL ability is impaired, but the role of functional network connectivity in these RITL deficits is unknown. We investigated task-based connectivity of eight a priori network pairs in participants with schizophrenia ( n = 29) and control participants ( n = 31) during the performance of an RITL task. Multivariate pattern analysis was used to determine which network connectivity patterns predicted diagnostic group. Of all network pairs, only the connectivity between the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and salience network (SAN) during learning classified patients and control participants with significant accuracy (80%). CON-SAN connectivity during learning was significantly associated with task performance in participants with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that impaired interactions between identification of salient stimuli and maintenance of task goals contributes to RITL deficits in participants with schizophrenia.

The role of nidopallium caudolaterale in the goal-directed behavior of pigeons

2017 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Hong Wan ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Zhigang Shang ◽  
Li Shi
Keyword(s):  
Goal Directed Behavior

scholarly journals Dynamic Encoding of Effort and Reward throughout the Execution of Action by External Globus Pallidus Neurons in Monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1130-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Nougaret ◽  
Sabrina Ravel
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
External Part ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Task Parameters ◽  
Different Levels

Humans and animals must evaluate the costs and expected benefits of their actions to make adaptive choices. Prior studies have demonstrated the involvement of the basal ganglia in this evaluation. However, little is known about the role of the external part of the globus pallidus (GPe), which is well positioned to integrate motor and reward-related information, in this process. To investigate this role, the activity of 126 neurons was recorded in the associative and limbic parts of the GPe of two monkeys performing a behavioral task in which different levels of force were required to obtain different amounts of liquid reward. The results first revealed that the activity of associative and limbic GPe neurons could be modulated not only by cognitive and limbic but also motor information at the same time, both during a single period or during different periods throughout the trial, mainly in an independent way. Moreover, as a population, GPe neurons encoded these types of information dynamically throughout the trial, when each piece of information was the most relevant for the achievement of the action. Taken together, these results suggest that GPe neurons could be dedicated to the parallel monitoring of task parameters essential to adjusting and maintaining goal-directed behavior.

Role of Income on Travel Behavior in Polluted Air

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suji Kim ◽  
Yekang Ko ◽  
Kitae Jang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior

The role of mental simulation in food attractiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jane Speed ◽  
Esther K. Papies ◽  
Asifa Majid
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Everyday Cognition ◽  
Perceptual Modalities ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Concepts are grounded in sensorimotor simulations, but what role these simulations play in everyday cognition is unknown. We investigate one domain where the senses are especially important: food. Unhealthy food is typically considered tastier than healthy food, and is therefore more attractive. We explored to what extent sensory associations differ between healthy and unhealthy foods, and whether these differences affect food attractiveness. In Study 1, using existing sensorimotor norms (Lynott, Connell, Brysbaert, Brand, & Carney, 2020) we found that unhealthy food is more strongly associated with taste, smell, and interoception than healthy food. Furthermore, these enhanced sensory associations mediated the relationship between healthiness and attractiveness. In Study 2, when participants were presented only with food words, unhealthy foods were more strongly associated with all perceptual modalities than healthy food. Again, this association mediated the relationship between healthiness and attractiveness: unhealthy food is more attractive because it is more strongly associated with sensory experience. We also found that the role of sensory associations in food attractiveness is affected by context. When participants were instructed to imagine eating the food, mediation by perceptual strength was weaker compared to receiving no instruction. Our results suggest that sensory simulation explains why unhealthy food is more attractive than healthy food, implying sensory simulation has a role in goal-directed behavior.

Role of Urban Big Data in Travel Behavior Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097502
Author(s):  
Chihuangji Wang ◽  
Daniel Baldwin Hess
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Location Based Service ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Data Analytic

Understanding urban travel behavior (TB) is critical for advancing urban transportation planning practice and scholarship; however, traditional survey data is expensive (because of labor costs) and error-prone. With advances in data collection techniques and data analytic approaches, urban big data (UBD) is currently generated at an unprecedented scale in relation to volume, variety, and speed, producing new possibilities for applying UBD for TB research. A review of more than 50 scholarly articles confirms the remarkable and expanding role of UBD in TB research and its advantages over traditional survey data. Using this body of published work, a typology is developed of four key types of UBD—social media, GPS log, mobile phone/location-based service, and smart card—focusing on the features and applications of each type in the context of TB research. This paper discusses in significant detail the opportunities and challenges in the use of UBD from three perspectives: conceptual, methodological, and political. The paper concludes with recommendations for researchers to develop data science knowledge and programming skills for analysis of UBD, for public and private sector agencies to cooperate on the collection and sharing of UBD, and for legislators to enforce data security and confidentiality. UBD offers both researchers and practitioners opportunities to capture urban phenomena and deepen knowledge about the TB of individuals.

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