scholarly journals Effect of Agricultural Feedstock to Energy Conversion Rate on Bioenergy and GHG Emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 5981-5995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chun Kung ◽  
Meng-Shiuh Chang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Ghg Emissions

scholarly journals Socio-technical energy scenarios: state-of-the-art and CIB-based approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1723-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Weimer-Jehle ◽  
Stefan Vögele ◽  
Wolfgang Hauser ◽  
Hannah Kosow ◽  
Witold-Roger Poganietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
Framework Conditions

Abstract Energy conversion is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy transition scenarios are a key tool for gaining a greater understanding of the possible pathways toward climate protection. There is consensus in energy research that political and societal framework conditions will play a pivotal role in shaping energy transitions. In energy scenario construction, this perspective is increasingly acknowledged through the approach of informing model-based energy analysis with storylines about societal futures, an exercise we call “socio-technical energy scenario construction” in this article. However, there is a dispute about how to construct the storylines in a traceable, consistent, comprehensive, and reproducible way. This study aims to support energy researchers considering the use of the concept of socio-technical scenarios in two ways: first, we provide a state-of-the-art analysis of socio-technical energy scenario construction by comparing 16 studies with respect to five categories. Second, we address the dispute regarding storyline construction in energy research and examine 13 reports using the Cross-Impact Balances method. We collated researcher statements on the strengths and challenges of this method and identified seven categories of promises and challenges each.

Effect of Coil Parameters on Rivet Deformation in Low Voltage Electromagnetic Riveting

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1887-1890
Author(s):  
Jiang Hua Deng ◽  
Chao Tang ◽  
Yi Ming Zheng ◽  
Yan Ran Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Current Amplitude ◽  
Deformation Degree ◽  
Section Size ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
Electromagnetic Riveting

Electromagnetic riveting is a kind of energy conversion technology and forming coil is the key component of energy conversion. Coil parameters include the turns and wire cross section size. The effects of coil parameters on discharge current, riveting force, rivet deformation degree and energy conversion rate were investigated by experimental method in low voltage electromagnetic riveting. The results show that with the coil turns increasing, coil inductance increases, discharge current amplitude decreases, cycle increases, rivet deformation degree increases and the energy conversion rate improves when the coil wire cross section size is the same. And with the coil wire width increasing, the coil resistance decreases, discharge current amplitude increases, rivet deformation degree increases and the energy conversion rate improves when the coil turns is same. By rational design of coil turns and wire section size, low voltage electromagnetic riveting is an effective way to realize deformation of strain rate sensitive material TA1 rivets.

High Electromechanical Coupling Piezoelectrics - How High Energy Conversion Rate is Possible

1996 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Uchino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Titanate Ceramics

ABSTRACTA new category of piezoelectric ceramics with very high electromechanical coupling was discovered in a lead zinc niobate:lead titanate solid solution in a single crystal form. The maximum coupling factor k33 reaches 95%, which corresponds to the energy conversion rate twice as high as the conventional lead zirconate titanate ceramics. This paper reviews the previous studies on superior piezoelectricity in relaxor ferroelectric: lead titanate solid solutions and on the possible mechanisms of this high electromechanical coupling.

scholarly journals Effect of different lysine-metabolized energy ratio on performance of meat-type geese

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Ádám Dobos ◽  
Péter Bársony ◽  
János Posta ◽  
László Babinszky
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Meat Type

The aim of the experiment was to determine, how the different ratios of the digestibility lysine/ metabolized energy (0.82, 0.87, 0.91 g DLYS/MJ AMEn) of the feed influence the performance of geese. There were 150 goslings (3 treatments, 5 cages/treatments, 10 birds/cages). The experiment has started and finished at the age of 3 and 9 weeks, respectively.The results of the experiment showed, the different ratios of DLYS/AMEn (0.82, 0.87, 0.91 g DLYS/MJ AMEn) did not influence the performance of young geese. Better growth performances were found for the 0.91 g DLYS/AMEn feed (feed intake, body weight gain, feed and energy conversion rate). This treatment coincided with high feeding costs. Based on these results we need more models and farm experiments to prove this tendency.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of the Collapse of Multiple Bubbles and the Energy Conversion during Bubble Collapse

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Lingxin Zhang ◽  
Jian Deng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Solid Wall ◽  
Bubble Collapse ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Acoustic Damping ◽  
Multiple Bubbles ◽  
Peak Value

This paper investigates numerically the collapses of both a single cavitation bubble and a cluster consisting of 8 bubbles, concerning mainly on the conversions between different forms of energy. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) with volume of fluid (VOF) method is applied, considering the detailed resolution of the vapor-liquid interfaces. First, for a single bubble near a solid wall, we find that the peak value of the wave energy, or equivalently the energy conversion rate decreases when the distance between the bubble and the wall is reduced. However, for the collapses of multiple bubbles, this relationship between the bubble-wall distance and the conversion rate reverses, implying a distinct physical mechanism. The evolutions of individual bubbles during the collapses of multiple bubbles are examined. We observe that when the bubbles are placed far away from the solid wall, the jetting flows induced by all bubbles point towards the cluster centre, while the focal point shifts towards the solid wall when the cluster is very close to the wall. We note that it is very challenging to consider thermal and acoustic damping mechanisms in the current numerical methods, which might be significant contributions to the energy budget, and we leave it open to the future studies.

scholarly journals Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation complex activity: effects of tissue-specific metabolic stress within an allometric series and acute changes in workload

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (9) ◽  
pp. R1034-R1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darci Phillips ◽  
Raul Covian ◽  
Angel M. Aponte ◽  
Brian Glancy ◽  
Joni F. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Acute Changes

The concentration of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes (MOPCs) is tuned to the maximum energy conversion requirements of a given tissue; however, whether the activity of MOPCs is altered in response to acute changes in energy conversion demand is unclear. We hypothesized that MOPCs activity is modulated by tissue metabolic stress to maintain the energy-metabolism homeostasis. Metabolic stress was defined as the observed energy conversion rate/maximum energy conversion rate. The maximum energy conversion rate was assumed to be proportional to the concentration of MOPCs, as determined with optical spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. The resting metabolic stress of the heart and liver across the range of resting metabolic rates within an allometric series (mouse, rabbit, and pig) was determined from MPOCs content and literature respiratory values. The metabolic stress of the liver was high and nearly constant across the allometric series due to the proportional increase in MOPCs content with resting metabolic rate. In contrast, the MOPCs content of the heart was essentially constant in the allometric series, resulting in an increasing metabolic stress with decreasing animal size. The MOPCs activity was determined in native gels, with an emphasis on Complex V. Extracted MOPCs enzyme activity was proportional to resting metabolic stress across tissues and species. Complex V activity was also shown to be acutely modulated by changes in metabolic stress in the heart, in vivo and in vitro. The modulation of extracted MOPCs activity suggests that persistent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) alter MOPCs activity both chronically and acutely, specifically in the heart. Protein phosphorylation of Complex V was correlated with activity inhibition under several conditions, suggesting that protein phosphorylation may contribute to activity modulation with energy metabolic stress. These data are consistent with the notion that metabolic stress modulates MOPCs activity in the heart.

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