scholarly journals Climate Change Scenarios and Their Implications on the Energy Performance of Hellenic Non-Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13005
Author(s):  
Kalliopi G. Droutsa ◽  
Simon Kontoyiannidis ◽  
Constantinos A. Balaras ◽  
Athanassios A. Argiriou ◽  
Elena G. Dascalaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Future

It is important to understand how the climate is changing in order to prepare for the future, adapt if necessary, and, most importantly, take proper precautionary measures to alleviate major negative impacts. This work investigates the potential impacts of climate change on the anticipated energy performance of the existing Hellenic building stock until the end of the century. The assessment considers average climatic projections for two future time periods, one for the near and one for the distant future, following two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The first one is a baseline scenario (RCP8.5) representing the highest greenhouse gas emissions. The second is an intermediate stabilization scenario (RCP4.5), assuming the imposition of conservative emissions mitigation policies. The future climate data are generated for 62 cities throughout Greece. As a case study, the work focuses on Hellenic non-residential (NR) whole buildings, analyzing available data collected during about 2500 energy audits of real NR buildings. The available data are used to assess the buildings’ heating and cooling demand and energy use. The annual average air temperature for Greece in 2050 is projected to increase by 1.5 K for the RCP4.5 scenario and by 1.9 K for the RCP8.5 scenario. In 2090, the increase is estimated to reach 1.7 K and 4.2 K, respectively. Accordingly, if the existing NR buildings are not renovated, the average heating energy use is expected to decrease by 22–26% in 2050 and by 23–52% in 2090. On the other hand, the average cooling energy use is expected to increase by 24–30% in 2050 and by 28–66% in 2090.

Impact of Shape on Building Energy Use in Tunisia

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kais Ouertani ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Relative Compactness ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Building Form ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of the architectural form on the energy performance of residential buildings in Tunisia. A relative compactness is defined as one indicator of a building shape. The results of the analysis indicate that a significant decrease in heating and cooling energy requirements can be obtained by minimizing the relative compactness of detached residential houses. A simplified analysis tool, suitable for early design process, is developed to assess the impact of building form on its energy performance for several cities in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Albanian Building Stock Typology and Energy Building Code in Progress Towards National Calculation Methodology of Performance on Heating and Cooling.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gjergji Simaku
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Calculation Methodology

The expertise on building stock typology used openly available data from the Albanian statistical office. As the CENSUS was not especially designed for gathering data for the energetic evaluation of the building stock, some data were not available on the required level of detail. Estimations were necessary to extrapolate data to the existing stock. Technically, the study selected and described twenty representative categories of residential buildings typology for Albania. Were identified the level and the structure of final energy consumption at present and in the future by building age category, building type, climate zone, and energy end-use. Using an original template excel data sheet, were conducted the calculations of their thermal energy performance in three climate zones, designed standardized retrofit packages, calculated possible energy savings, and investment required by building type. The engineering principle of the Regulation in force, regarding to the legislative act of Energy Building Code in Albania, is beyond any doubt correct and carefully studied. The act is a rule book or the Regulation (energy building code - here The Code) which contains information that is sufficient to perform calculations of the different insulating layers for new construction after the year 2003. Also, the Regulation’s algorithms are still relevant in terms of calculation to provide Energy for heating demands in Albania. After 12 years, the Code remains the same and could provide either an optimal potential energy savings to the existing buildings, or an optimal cost-effective of building’s insulation without imposing a burden of high financial housing builders to multifamily prospective buyers. Based today Europe’s developments on Energy Performance of Buildings, the study is found relevant to provide a methodology for calculation of the energy performance in buildings (kWh/ m2a) based on volumetric coefficient heat losses (Gvt) for heating only, the existing indicator of the existing Code. The following study deals with the possibility of transposing the methodology used to the Code into an energy Performance based on minimum requirement for a new Regulation and/or EP Calculation Methodology based on efficient use of energy for heating and cooling purposes.

scholarly journals Influence of climate change on the energy performance assessment of NZEB houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
A Janssens ◽  
E Vandenbussche ◽  
K Van den Brande ◽  
W Bracke ◽  
M Delghust
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Stochastic Variation ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract The Energy Performance of Buildings (EPB) regulations aim to reduce primary energy use and carbon dioxide emissions of buildings, which are the result of creating a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. In this study, the influence of climate change on the regulatory EPB calculation results is analysed for the Flanders region in Belgium. The results of the analysis may be used by authorities to better define nearly zero energy building (NZEB) requirements today. Meteonorm has been used to simulate future climate change based on IPCC scenarios and urban heat island effect. These future climates have been implemented in a Revit-and Excel-based tool that calculates the stochastic variation of energy performance for six different dwelling typologies, based on the semi-steady state energy use calculation method applied in the regional rating method. Four different packages of measures to achieve NZEB performance (thermal insulation, energy efficient ventilation, renewable energy technologies,…) have been considered. The results for primary energy use, overheating indicator and net energy use for heating and cooling have been analysed. As may be expected, climate change is found to lead to an increase in overheating risk, an increase in cooling energy use, and a decrease in heating energy use in the analysed dwellings. Since in most cases the decrease in heating energy use outweighs the increase in cooling energy use, the total primary energy use decreases in most cases for the 2050 future climate.

Using an Urban Building Energy Modelling Towards a Carbon-Neutral Neighbourhood: A case study of Dublin Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Buckley ◽  
Gerald Mill s ◽  
Christoph Reinhart
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Energy Use Intensity

<p>The EU’s Green Deal has a goal of a climate-neutral Europe by 2050. Achieving this goal will require a comprehensive set of actions across all economic sectors, especially the building sector, which currently accounts for 40% of the energy consumed.  Residential energy use is a significant contributor, much of it due to the poorly insulated building stock. Making a ‘just transition’ to more energy-efficient cities requires a spatial approach that can address the correspondence of poor housing and people and the potential for energy innovation at a neighbourhood-scale. In this study, a geographic database of building archetypes is developed for use by the Urban Modelling Interface (Umi) to perform simulations of urban energy use intensity and test the efficacy of energy policies. Umi is applied to a neighbourhood of residential buildings in Dublin (Ireland), many of which perform poorly. Simulated annual energy use intensity is evaluated favourably using energy performance certificate data. Umi is used subsequently to design and test the efficacy of district-level energy policies; the results indicate that the most cost-effective mix of envelope retrofit and onsite energy production to achieve the Green Deal’s target of 60% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and 100% by 2050. The methodology shown here employs data and software that is publicly available for many EU countries.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Occupants’ Behavior and Climate Change on Heating and Cooling Energy Needs of Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6468
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Fajilla ◽  
Marilena De Simone ◽  
Luisa F. Cabeza ◽  
Luís Bragança
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
The Impact

Energy performance of buildings is a worldwide increasing investigated field, due to ever more stringent energy standards aimed at reducing the buildings’ impact on the environment. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact that occupant behavior and climate change have on the heating and cooling needs of residential buildings. With this aim, data of a questionnaire survey delivered in Southern Italy were used to obtain daily use profiles of natural ventilation, heating, and cooling, both in winter and in summer. Three climatic scenarios were investigated: The current scenario (2020), and two future scenarios (2050 and 2080). The CCWorldWeatherGen tool was used to create the weather files of future climate scenarios, and DesignBuilder was applied to conduct dynamic energy simulations. Firstly, the results obtained for 2020 demonstrated how the occupants’ preferences related to the use of natural ventilation, heating, and cooling systems (daily schedules and temperature setpoints) impact on energy needs. Heating energy needs appeared more affected by the heating schedules, while cooling energy needs were mostly influenced by both natural ventilation and usage schedules. Secondly, due to the temperature rise, substantial decrements of the energy needs for heating and increments of cooling energy needs were observed in all the future scenarios where in addition, the impact of occupant behavior appeared amplified.

Impact of climate change on future bioclimatic potential and residential building thermal and energy performance in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2199391
Author(s):  
Naveen Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Passive Strategies

This paper aims to investigate the implication of present and future bioclimatic potential of passive heating and cooling design strategies for climate change scenarios of five locations covering all climate zones of India. Weather data for future climate change were developed for A2 (medium-high) scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for four time slices, namely TMY (Typical Meteorological Year), 2020, 2050 and 2080. A case study residential building was used for calibration and validation of the bioclimatic potential using EnergyPlus simulation. Results show a strong correlation between the annual bioclimatic summer and winter discomfort hours and the corresponding annual cooling and heating energy load for the changing climate scenarios. Results also show an overall increase in annual cooling energy load, over and above the base case, ranging from 18% to 89% among the five cities in 2020; 32% to 132% in 2050 and 58% to 184% in 2080 if residential buildings continue to be operated in the same manner as it is done today without passive strategies. The use of passive strategies may reduce the annual cooling load by about 50%– 60% in residential buildings in future.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la demanda energética de edificios no residenciales en Escocia = Energy demand benchmarking of non-domestic buildings in Scotland

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Julien Chetboula ◽  
Céline Garnier ◽  
Julio Bros-Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Occupancy Patterns ◽  
Energy Use Intensity ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Uk

ResumenCon los años el rendimiento energético del edificio se ha convertido en una preocupación predominante para los propietarios y administradores de bienes raíces. La atención se centra generalmente en edificios de viviendas, pero en los últimos veinte años un interés en edificios no residenciales ha surgido en el Reino Unido. Los puntos de referencia general se pueden encontrar a escala del Reino Unido, aunque a menudo está restringido a Inglaterra y Gales. Este documento tiene como objetivo proporcionar puntos de referencia para el parque inmobiliario no doméstico escocés como parte del Ayuntamiento de Edimburgo. En esta investigación, la muestra seleccionada incluye datos de energía y las emisiones de carbono calculadas de 199 edificios.Los parámetros decisivos fueron la intensidad de uso de la energía (kWh/m2) y el uso y la edad de los edificios. Esto permitió la creación de seis tipos de edificios, aunque siguiendo patrones de ocupación se dividió en cuatro categorías desde el s. XVI hasta el s. XXI. Los principales resultados revelan el predominio de un clúster de edificios educativos en términos de superficie (72%), el número de edificios (70%), las emisiones de carbono (68% de los cerca de 42.000 toneladas de CO2) y el consumo de energía (61% de la 38,4 MWh de electricidad consumida, y el 73% del 117,4 MWh de gas natural que se consume). Entre estos niveles de consumo destacan el potencial de ahorro de energía para las escuelas: 186 kWh / m2 / año en promedio, en comparación con la media europea de 100 kWh / m2 / año de energía térmica de uso final. AbstractOver the years building energy performance has become a predominant concern for owners and real estate managers. The focus is usually on residential buildings but in the last twenty years an interest in non-domestic buildings has emerged in the UK. Benchmarks can generally be found at UK scale, although often restricted to England and Wales. This paper aims to provide benchmarks for the Scottish non-domestic building stock as part of the City of Edinburgh Council estate. In this research, the selected sample includes energy data and calculated carbon emissions of 199 buildings. The deciding parameters were the energy use intensity (kWh/m2) and the use and age of buildings. The last two allowed the creation of six clusters in which to group buildings of similar occupancy patterns in four age categories from the 16th to the 21st century. The main findings reveal the predominance of an educational buildings cluster in terms of floor area (72%), number of buildings (70%), carbon emissions (68% of about 42,000 tons of CO2), and energy consumption (61% of the 38.4 MWh of electricity consumed, and 73% of the 117.4 MWh of natural gas consumed). These levels of consumption highlight the energy saving potential for schools: 186 kWh/m2/year on average, in comparison with the European average of 100 kWh/m2/year for thermal end-use energy.

scholarly journals Overheating Risk and Energy Demand of Nordic Old and New Apartment Buildings during Average and Extreme Weather Conditions under a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3972
Author(s):  
Azin Velashjerdi Farahani ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Natalia Korhonen ◽  
Kirsti Jylhä ◽  
Kimmo Ruosteenoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
Indoor Conditions

The global average air temperature is increasing as a manifestation of climate change and more intense and frequent heatwaves are expected to be associated with this rise worldwide, including northern Europe. Summertime indoor conditions in residential buildings and the health of occupants are influenced by climate change, particularly if no mechanical cooling is used. The energy use of buildings contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. It is, therefore, necessary to analyze the effects of climate change on the overheating risk and energy demand of residential buildings and to assess the efficiency of various measures to alleviate the overheating. In this study, simulations of dynamic energy and indoor conditions in a new and an old apartment building are performed using two climate scenarios for southern Finland, one for average and the other for extreme weather conditions in 2050. The evaluated measures against overheating included orientations, blinds, site shading, window properties, openable windows, the split cooling unit, and the ventilation cooling and ventilation boost. In both buildings, the overheating risk is high in the current and projected future average climate and, in particular, during exceptionally hot summers. The indoor conditions are occasionally even injurious for the health of occupants. The openable windows and ventilation cooling with ventilation boost were effective in improving the indoor conditions, during both current and future average and extreme weather conditions. However, the split cooling unit installed in the living room was the only studied solution able to completely prevent overheating in all the spaces with a fairly small amount of extra energy usage.

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