scholarly journals The Formal Agricultural Input Sector: A Missing Asset in Developing Nations?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10697
Author(s):  
Boaz Anglade ◽  
Marilyn E. Swisher ◽  
Rose Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Agricultural Input

The formal input supply sector has received little attention in developing nations, including Haiti. We interviewed input store owners in Haiti and collected information on the availability and sources of inputs and challenges facing vendors. Three large suppliers import most inputs available to farmers. Second tier traders, mostly small stores that purchase from the major suppliers, play a critical role in making inputs accessible to rural communities. These formal stores have significant potential to transform the agricultural sector but face three major challenges. (1) Improved seed is a critically needed input, but older cultivars dominate because there is limited breeding in Haiti, few seed importers, and inadequate patent protections that make holders reluctant to move new varieties into Haiti. (2) The types of fertilizers and pesticides available to farmers are limited and many are technologically outdated. (3) In-country transportation is slow and relatively expensive and needed inputs often do not reach farmers in a timely manner. We conclude that approaches that bring together the strengths and assets of the public sector, the non-profit private sector and the for-profit private sector and increased attention to policy measures that benefit all three sectors are requisites for supply chain development in Haiti.

scholarly journals Migration Industries and the State: Guestwork Programs in East Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Surak
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Gray Area ◽  
Temporary Migrant ◽  
Migrant Work

Studies of migration industries have demonstrated the critical role that border-spanning businesses play in international mobility. To date, most research has focused on meso-level entrepreneurial initiatives that operate in a legal gray area under a state that provides an environment for their growth or decline. Extending this work, the present article advances a taxonomy of the ways states partner with migration industries based on the nature of their relationship (formal or informal) and the type of actor involved (for-profit or non-profit). The analysis focuses on low-paid temporary migrant work programs — schemes that require substantial state involvement to function — and examines cases from the East Asian democracies with strong economies that have become net importers of migrants: Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. The conclusion, incorporating cases beyond Asia, explicates the properties and limits of each arrangement based on the degree of formality and importance of profit.

The influence of the main financial resources of non-profit sport organisations on their strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Honcová
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strategic Process ◽  
Different Types

Non-profit organisations play a critical role in many societies because they fulfill the needs in areas that are not covered by the public or private sector. The primary purpose of all non-profit organisations is not generating income and, in most cases, the income from their own activities is not enough to survive. Therefore, they are forced to look for additional ways of funding and are dependent on them. These types of financial resources can be divided into two main groups – internal and external resources. Income from own activities and member-ship fees can be an example of internal resources. Subsidies from the state or municipalities, sponsorship money, and donations are part of organisations’ external resources. The main aim of this paper is to reveal the influence of different types of financial resources of non-profit sport organisations on their strategy. The article applies general findings for non-profit organ-isations from the paper of Stone, Bigelov, and Crittenden (1999) on “Research on strategic management in non-profit organisations” on the organisations from the sport area. Funding and financial resources may influence the components of a strategic process: formulation, content, and implementation. This paper focuses on the extent in which funding and financial resources affect the organisation’s strategic management and describes the influence of different types of financial resources on non-profit sport organisations’ strategy by reviewing a range of studies on the strategic process and funding of non-profit organizations that are applicable in sports. The article summarizes different findings and issues that have been de-scribed and published in the pre-reviewed academic journals with no restriction on the date of the issue.

scholarly journals A survey of patients from five health districts receiving special care in the private sector

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy W. Coid
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Special Care ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Hospital Development ◽  
Health Districts

There has been a rapid growth in the number of patients receiving secure and special care in private hospitals, although their overall numbers are still comparatively small. The behavioural modification unit at St Andrews Hospital, Northampton, has the largest concentration of detained patients outside the National Health Service (NHS), but there are plans to increase the number of beds at Kneesworth House, Royston, Herts, and Stockton Hall, Yorkshire. St Andrews Hospital has been run as a charitable trust but Kneesworth House and Stockton Hall are currently owned by a private French company, Generale de Santé division of Generale d'Eau, together with Langton House, Dorset, which provides places for disturbed adolescents. Marks & Thornicroft (1990) noted that recent entrants into the private sector have been from private for profit rather than voluntary non-profit providers, catering for what are seen as “market niches” such as eating disorders, impotence, alcohol or substance abuse, and stress reactions. They criticise these developments, claiming that few people benefit and that the “bull market” in private hospital development challenges the catchment area concept and seems to be producing a two-tier system of psychiatric care in Britain.

scholarly journals Applied Anthropology in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Podjed ◽  
Meta Gorup ◽  
Alenka Bezjak Mlakar
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Applied Anthropology ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Past

AbstractThe article presents the state of applied anthropology in Europe, in particular focusing on the application of anthropological knowledge and skills within the private sector. Firstly, the text depicts the historical context, which has had a strong and often negative impact on the developments in contemporary applied anthropology and specifically on applying anthropology in for-profit endeavours. It then provides an overview of this type of applied anthropology in Europe by identifying its main institutions and individuals. Building on this analysis, the article elaborates on extant challenges for its future development, and outlines the most promising solutions. The authors conclude that it is of crucial importance for European anthropology to make the transition ‘from words to actions’, especially in the areas not traditionally addressed by anthropologists, such as business and design anthropology or consultancy work in the private sector. While the discipline has a longer applied history in areas such as development, human rights and multiculturalism, few anthropologists have played significant roles in the efforts usually associated with the private sector. It is argued that anthropology should – also outside the non-profit and non-governmental sectors – shift from being a descriptive, hermeneutical and interpretative branch of social sciences describing and explaining the past or commenting on the present, to an applied discipline intervening in shaping the future.

scholarly journals Availability and Readiness Assessment of Facilities with Hospital Admission Capacity in Two Regions of Guinea-Bissau

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
André Beja ◽  
Van Hanegem Menezes Moreira ◽  
Augusta Biai ◽  
Agostinho N’Dumbá ◽  
Clotilde Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Mother And Child

Introduction: The weaknesses of Guinea-Bissau’s health system have long been highlighted. The purpose of this study is to contribute with evidence for decision-making on the reform of the country’s healthcare map, by analyzing the availability and readiness of services at the facilities that may become part of a Hospital Complex in Bissau, proposed in the National Health Development Plan.Material and Methods: We analyzed 13 public and private facilities with inpatient capacity, located in Bissau and Biombo. Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tools were used for data collection, treatment and analysis.Results: A comprehensive overview of these facilities has been provided, describing their general capacity to provide care and their readiness to implement it, along with the availability and readiness of specific services: diagnosis, family planning, mother and child health, obstetrics, communicable and non communicable diseases, blood transfusion and surgery. We observed a greater concentration of beds and professionals in the facilities of public sector, the only that provides all the specific services analyzed. Private sector services with agreements to supply the public sector have higher readiness levels and the private sector has the lowest operating capacity.Discussion: Findings reflect the lack of equipment, infrastructure and resources, the predominance of the public sector and the growth of the private for-profit and non-profit sectors, as well as inadequacies in planning and regulation. Similarities and differences between our findings and those described in the literature for other African countries are identified.Conclusion: This study reinforces the relevance of developing integrated and rational responses of health services and provides evidence for this.

Farm, Town, and Country in American Folklore and Folklife

2018 ◽  
pp. 538-556
Author(s):  
R. Troy Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social History ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Rural Culture ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Folk Belief

Seeking remnants of verbal traditions they thought were being lost to industrialization and urbanization, the earliest folklore scholars took to the countryside. Analyzing folk culture in a fuller context, a generation of folklife scholars in the twentieth century set out to identify patterns in the rural landscape in materials, such as traditional artifacts and folk belief, that would illuminate the old traditional way of life and expand the purview of American history. A vital subject requiring more study and that connects to all other aspects of rural culture is traditional farming practices in the agricultural year. With regard to social history, folklife scholars have a critical role in the debate concerning the effect of commercialism on preindustrial farming that have implications for the valuation of family farms, rural communities, and sustainability into the twenty-first century. Among the topics in the rural setting that call for further folklife research are narratives of loss, the creation of local economies, and sense of place.

scholarly journals Zambian farm blocks: A vehicle for increased private sector investments

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 817-825
Author(s):  
Susanna L. Middelberg ◽  
Pieter van der Zwan ◽  
Cobus Oberholster
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Private Sector Investment

AbstractThe Zambian government has introduced the farm block development programme (FBDP) to facilitate agricultural land and rural development and encourage private sector investment. This study assessed whether the FBDP achieves these goals. Key obstacles and possible opportunities were also identified and, where appropriate, specific corrective actions were recommended. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Lusaka with various stakeholders of the FBDP. The FBDP is designed to facilitate agricultural land development and encourage private sector investment. However, the programme falls far short in terms of implementation, amidst policy uncertainty and lack of support. This is evident by the insecurity of land tenure which negatively affects small- and medium-scale producers’ access to financing, lack of infrastructure development of these farm blocks, and constraints in the agricultural sector such as low labour productivity and poor access to service expertise. It is recommended that innovative policy interventions should be created to support agricultural development. This can be achieved by following a multistakeholder approach through involving private, public and non-profit sectors such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and donors.

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