scholarly journals Influences of a Highly Reflective Mulching Membrane on Heat Propagation throughout the Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9737
Author(s):  
Mattia Manni ◽  
Alessia Di Giuseppe ◽  
Andrea Nicolini ◽  
Fabio Sciurpi ◽  
Franco Cotana
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Thermal Wave ◽  
Heat Propagation ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Crops Yield

Agro-food chain impacts global greenhouse gas emissions by around 30%. To reduce this score without worsening food crops’ yield, new and more sustainable technologies (i.e., mulching membranes, advanced irrigation systems) were implemented. Within this framework, the present study aims to assess the influences on heat propagation throughout the soil of a highly reflective mulching membrane. An experimental facility was implemented in which the surface temperatures of both the soil and the membrane were monitored together with the temperature of the soil (at three depths). Five statistical days were defined by considering the same amount of percentiles of the monitored temperatures (0th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 100th percentiles). Then, the attenuation and the phase shift of the thermal wave throughout the soil and the cooling potential of the membrane were calculated. Although negligible variations from the uncovered soil were observed in surface temperature, the membrane enables a greater attenuation of the thermal wave throughout the soil. This can be up to 16 °C cooler than the surface, with potential benefits for plant growth. Furthermore, the membrane optical properties permit to offset carbon emissions from agriculture activities by around 0.1 tCO2-eq m−2.

Mitigation of emerging pollutants by plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reinhold ◽  
N. Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Trace Concentrations

Low cost, sustainable technologies for addressing pollution of waters with trace concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are needed. Plant-based ecosystems for wastewater treatment are low-cost, effective technologies with the potential to address PPCPs. This abstract presents recent research examining the phytoremediation of PPCPs in both aquatic and terrestrial systems and discusses potential implications of phytoremediation of PPCPs. Research indicates that duckweed plants can stimulate microbial degradation of ibuprofen, sorb and uptake fluoxetine, and indirectly affect the fate of triclosan. Additionally, research indicates that food crops phytoaccumulate antimicrobials present in biosolids. The implications of these processes include mitigation of ecotoxicological risk from antimicrobial contamination of surface waters and soils with minimal risk to humans from consumption of phytoaccumulated antimicrobials. Additionally, plants may serve as a long-term reservoir for PPCPs in the environment.

Optical properties of phase shift on reflection and/or transmission through biaxial anisotropic thin films

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Hou ◽  
Hongji Qi ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Kai He ◽  
Ming Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Phase Shift

Impact of climate change on the staple food crops yield in Ethiopia: implications for food security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Yimam Kassaye ◽  
Guangcheng Shao ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Eshetu Shifaw ◽  
Shiqing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Crops Yield

scholarly journals Intercomparison of photoacoustic and cavity attenuated phase shift instruments: laboratory calibration and field measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Jialuo Zhang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Mingxu Su ◽  
Wu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Calibration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reliability Of Measurement Results

Abstract. The study of aerosol optical properties is essential to understand its impact on the global climate. In our recent field measurement carried out in the Gehu area of southwest Changzhou City, a photoacoustic extinctiometer (PAX) and a cavity attenuated phase shift albedo monitor (CAPS-ALB) were used for online aerosol optical properties measurement. Laboratory calibration with gas and particle samples were carried out to correct disagreements of field measurements. During particle calibration, we adopted ammonium sulfate (AS) samples for scattering calibration of nephelometer parts of both the instruments, then combined these with number-size distribution measurements in the MIE model for calculating the value of the total scattering (extinction) coefficient. During gas calibration, we employed high concentrations of NO2 for absorption calibration of the PAX resonator and then further intercompared the extinction coefficient of CAPS-ALB with a cavity-enhanced spectrometer. The correction coefficient obtained from the laboratory calibration experiments was employed on the optical properties observed in the field measurements correspondingly and showed good results in comparison with reconstructed extinction from the IMPROVE model. The intercomparison of the calibrated optical properties of PAX and CAPS-ALB in field measurements was in good agreement with slopes of 1.052, 1.024 and 1.046 for extinction, scattering and absorption respectively, which shows the reliability of measurement results and verifies the correlation between the photoacoustic and the cavity attenuated phase shift instruments.

Relation between Local Composition, Chemical Environment and Phase Shift Behavior in Cr-Based Oxycarbonitride Thin Films

2000 ◽  
Vol 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Smith ◽  
P.C.J. Graat ◽  
D.A. Bonnell ◽  
R.H. French
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
Property Variation ◽  
Macroscopic Properties ◽  
Level Shifts

AbstractThe latest deep ultra-violet (DUV) photomask technology requires macroscopic properties such as optical transmission, reflectance, and chemical reactivity to be precisely controlled. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the relationship between atomic bonding and nanometer scale property variation is required. Thin films of Cr-OC-N are compositionally graded to produce specific attenuation and phase shift of optical radiation. A combination of techniques was used to relate the local atomic bonding to macroscopic properties. Sputtered neutral mass spectroscopy was used to resolve local composition, and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to determine local optical properties (on nm scale) that are then related to local composition. Core level shifts in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterize changes in the Cr environment associated with changes in composition. A model is suggested in which bonding at the atomic level is controlled within different 10-100 nm sized regions which can be combined to produce arbitrary optical properties.

scholarly journals Intercomparison of Photoacoustic and Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift Instruments: Laboratory Calibration and Field Measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialuo Zhang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Mingxu Su ◽  
Wu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Calibration

Abstract. The study of aerosol optical properties is essential to understand its impact on the global climate. In our recent field measurement, a photoacoustic extinctiometer (PAX) and a cavity attenuated phase shift albedo monitor (CAPS-ALB) were used for online aerosol optical properties measurement. Laboratory calibration with gas and particle samples were carried out to correct disagreements of field measurements. During particle calibration, we adopted ammonium sulfate (AS) samples for scattering calibration of nephelometer parts of both the instruments, then combined with number-size distribution measurements into MIE model for calculating the value of the total scattering (extinction) coefficient. During gas calibration, we employed high concentration NO2 for absorption calibration of PAX resonator, then further intercompared the extinction coefficient of CAPS-ALB with a cavity-enhanced spectrometer. The correction coefficient obtained from the laboratory calibration experiments was employed on the optical properties observed in the filed measurements correspondingly, and showed good result in comparison with reconstructed extinction from the IMPROVE model. The intercomparison of the calibrated optical properties of PAX and CAPS-ALB in field measurement were in good agreement with slopes of 1.052, 1.024 and 1.046 for extinction, scattering and absorption respectively, which shows the reliability of measurement results and verifies the correlation between the photoacoustic and the cavity attenuated phase shift instruments.

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