scholarly journals The Influence of Embeddedness on Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Strategy: A Gender Perspective in the Agri-Food Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9384
Author(s):  
Gina Santos ◽  
Carla Marques ◽  
João Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

This study aims to identify the antecedents of entrepreneurial activity in the agri-food sector of the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (TMAD), taking into account a gender perspective. Thus, we intend to assess whether the environment influences embeddedness, and whether embeddedness, individual entrepreneurial orientation, innovative behaviour and gender impact or influence the perceptions of feasibility and desirability as antecedents of entrepreneurial activity of entrepreneurs in the agri-food sector of the TMAD region. The measurement instrument was applied to 249 firms in the agri-food sector, created in the last 5 years. A model was conceptualised where the relationships between the constructs relating to embeddedness, IEO and EI were presented, and three control variables were subsequently added: the innovative behaviour, the environment and gender. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques, such as structural equation modelling, were used to assess the proposed conceptual model. Thus, considering the complexity of the model under study, we performed an analysis which considered personal factors or characteristics, such as innovative behaviour, gender and IEO, as these are characteristics of the individual and may be influenced or shaped by external factors such as the context, i.e., the environment and embeddedness.

Gender gap in innovation: an institutionalist explanation

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
And Gender

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge on innovation from a gender perspective, and to investigate how environment affects the process of innovation by women. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study uses a Structural Equations Model of a Partial Least Squared (PLS) technique. Data of 40 countries from around the world were collected from 2008. Findings – Institutional environment matters for innovative activity by women. An innovative thinking is required for integrating the gender perspective in innovative milieus in order to enrich, diversify and promote stronger innovation activities, mobilising unexploited opportunities for managers in the business sector, and for policy makers in the public one. Research limitations/implications – A new sex-disaggregated dataset will allow us to enlarge and improve upon this study. A longitudinal study would be extremely useful, but for the moment, there are no available data of this kind. Practical implications – Policies designed to reduce the gap for women in innovation activities have to fight against gender segregation in the job market and gender differences in education and training. They must increase flexibility in the workplace, provide more help to conciliate family and working lives, and reduce the gap in family responsibilities taken on by women. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the cross-over of knowledge between innovation and gender, and reduces the lack of information on how external factors may impact innovative behaviour by gender.

scholarly journals Operationalisation of gender and migration in epidemiological research – a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wandschneider ◽  
S Batram-Zantvoort ◽  
O Razum ◽  
C Miani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Gender as a social construct contributes to determine who migrates and which migration-related risks and opportunities emerge in all phases of the migration trajectory. Simultaneously, migration influences the individual as well as societal definition and perception of gender roles. An explicit gender perspective beyond biological sex in migration-related epidemiological research would contribute to adequately analyse, assess and interpret the health situation of migrants. Methods The systematic review synthesises how gender is conceptualised, operationalised and used for interpretation in migration-related epidemiological research. We search PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, EconLit and PsycINFO as well as the reference lists of the included studies. Eligible studies actively aim to understand, identify or explain the influence of gender on health. Results 20 cross-sectional studies met the eligibility criteria. The majority of studies analysed gender effects on mental health (e.g. depression) and sexual health (e.g. risk behaviour). The majority of the study population is made up of male sexual minorities with Latin American background living in the USA. Gender is mainly operationalised through gender roles, attitudes and gender-based discrimination. These dimensions are mostly conceptualised at the individual level, only a minority of studies applies meso- or macro-level indicators to measure structural gender effects. Discussion We identified research gaps with regard to macro-level mechanisms of gender, immigrant populations in Europe and interactions of migration and gender in epidemiological research. The majority is restricted to sex- or sexual orientation related issues, but this systematic review helps to identify good practice examples that may contribute to the development of a guideline on how to integrate a gender perspective in migration-related epidemiological research. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019124698

scholarly journals Organizational and Personal Factors That Boost Innovation: The Case of Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Job Demands-Resources Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Ariana Moreno Cunha ◽  
Carla Susana Marques ◽  
Gina Santos
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
Positive Effect

Since 2019, the world has been experiencing a pandemic period due to the COVID-19 virus, which has brought the need for organizations in general, healthcare organizations and their professionals in particular, to focus on innovation as a way to fight an utterly unknown virus. Thus, this study aims to understand how nurses and their personal factors (stress, anxiety, work engagement, organizational support) impact their innovative behaviour and innovation outputs, contributing to innovation in the current pandemic period through changes in thoughts, values, behaviours and relationships among healthcare professionals and their organizations. For this purpose, the Job Demands-Resources model was used as a reference, and the measurement instrument was applied to 738 nurses working in healthcare units in Portugal. Therefore, it was found that the nurses’ personal factors have a positive effect on the nurses’ innovative behaviour and innovation outputs, with the innovative behaviour having the most significant impact on innovation outputs, which will benefit healthcare organizations and the healthcare provided to patients during the pandemic, through innovative behaviours and products. It is also possible to understand how the available resources and the demands imposed on nurses interfere with their innovative behaviour (Job Demands-Resources model).

The effects of organizational justice dimensions on facets of job engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-336
Author(s):  
S.M. Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between four dimensions of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational) and the three facets of job engagement (physical, cognitive and emotional).Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional approach was used to survey a sample of 281 professionals in information technology who resided in the southern part of India and varied on experience, age and gender. Data was analyzed by employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach.FindingsThe result emphasizes the individual role of each justice dimension on three job engagement facets, which suggests that all four dimensions of organizational justice have positive effects on physical, cognitive and emotional job engagement.Originality/valueThe current study contributes to the literature by examining all three job engagement dimensions and provides evidence that distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justices are significant predictors of physical, cognitive and emotional job engagement.

University Dropout

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Nicolas Sander
Keyword(s):  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
School Grade ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
High School Grade ◽  
Hands On ◽  
University Dropout ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Prospective Study

University dropout is a politically and economically important factor. While a number of studies address this issue cross-sectionally by analyzing different cohorts, or retrospectively via questionnaires, few of them are truly longitudinal and focus on the individual as the unit of interest. In contrast to these studies, an individual differences perspective is adopted in the present paper. For this purpose, a hands-on introduction to a recently proposed structural equation (SEM) approach to discrete-time survival analysis is provided ( Muthén & Masyn, 2005 ). In a next step, a prospective study with N = 1096 students, observed across four semesters, is introduced. As expected, average university grade proved to be an important predictor of future dropout, while high-school grade-point average (GPA) yielded no incremental predictive validity but was completely mediated by university grade. Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, three latent classes could be identified with differential predictor-criterion relations, suggesting the need to pay closer attention to the composition of the student population.

Collective Efficacy and Organizational Commitment in an Italian City Hall

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Borgogni ◽  
Silvia Dello Russo ◽  
Laura Petitta ◽  
Gary P. Latham
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
City Hall ◽  
Italian City ◽  
Public Sector Managers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Group

Employees (N = 170) of a City Hall in Italy were administered a questionnaire measuring collective efficacy (CE), perceptions of context (PoC), and organizational commitment (OC). Two facets of collective efficacy were identified, namely group and organizational. Structural equation models revealed that perceptions of top management display a stronger relationship with organizational collective efficacy, whereas employees’ perceptions of their colleagues and their direct superior are related to collective efficacy at the group level. Group collective efficacy had a stronger relationship with affective organizational commitment than did organizational collective efficacy. The theoretical significance of this study is in showing that CE is two-dimensional rather than unidimensional. The practical significance of this finding is that the PoC model provides a framework that public sector managers can use to increase the efficacy of the organization as a whole as well as the individual groups that compose it.

Effect of Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment to Employee Performance through Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as Intervening Variables (Study on Bappeda Litbang Provinsi Bali)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20997-21013
Author(s):  
Anom Suwibawa ◽  
Anak Agung Putu Agung ◽  
I Ketut Setia Sapta
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Individual

Organizational culture as the values, principles, traditions and ways of working shared by members of the organization and affect the way they act. Organizational commitment has an important role of employee performance. The commitment can be realized if the individual in the organization, running their rights and obligations according to their duties and functions and functions within the organization, because the achievement of organizational goals is the work of all members of the organization that are collective Vipraprastha, Sudja,  & Yuesti (2018). Respondents in this study are Civil Servants (PNS) at least have been working for 2 years. The number of respondents in this study were 86 respondents using Nonprobability technique that is saturated samples or often called total sampling. This research uses SMARTPLS 3 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The results of this study indicate that: 1) organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB); 2) Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) has positive and significant impact on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB); 3) Organizational Citizenship Behavior employee, 4) organizational culture has a positive effect on the performance of employees, either partially or through Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), 5) Organizational commitment has no effect on employee performance.

Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702098843
Author(s):  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Martina Bader ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

Military Background and Gender Identity in Psychological Assessment Among College Students: Factorial Invariance of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–62 (CCAPS-62)

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112199876
Author(s):  
Arpita Ghosh ◽  
Christopher R. Niileksela ◽  
Rebecca Janis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
College Counseling ◽  
Counseling Center ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Military Background ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial invariance of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–62 (CCAPS-62) across military background and gender identity. A sample of 2,208 military students and 2,208 nonmilitary students were chosen from a large database of university and college counseling centers. Using exploratory structural equation modeling, findings suggested the CCAPS-62 is mostly invariant across military background and gender identity. Only three item thresholds appeared to be noninvariant across groups. These results suggest comparisons of scores across military background and gender can be made. Latent mean differences across groups were also examined. After controlling for several background variables, there were some differences between males and females on subscales measuring depression, eating concerns, and generalized anxiety, but no differences between military and nonmilitary students. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigating Relationships Between Learning Environment Perceptions, Motivation and Self-Regulation for Female Science Students in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M Aldridge ◽  
Kate Rowntree
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Science Classroom ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Psychosocial Learning Environment ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe global lack of student motivation towards learning science and gender imbalance in STEM careers provided the impetus for this study, which had two key aims: (1) to examine the influence of female students’ perceptions of the psychosocial learning environment on their motivation towards and self-regulation in science learning,; and (2) to investigate the influence of their reported motivation on their self-regulation of effort. Data were collected from 338 female students in grades 6 to 9 science classes across 16 government schools in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the hypothesised relationships, which indicated that there were statistically significant relationships between learning environment perceptions, motivation and self-regulation. The results provide exigent information to both teachers, policy-makers and researchers with regard to the influences of the psychosocial learning environment on female students’ motivation towards science, as well as the influence of motivation towards science on their self-regulatory behaviour within science classroom settings.

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