scholarly journals Use of Sewage Sludge Ash in the Production of Innovative Bricks—An Example of a Circular Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9330
Author(s):  
Andelina Bubalo ◽  
Drazen Vouk ◽  
Nina Stirmer ◽  
Karlo Nad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Sludge Ash

In this paper the properties of clay bricks with 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 20 wt% sewage sludge ash (SSA) were studied and compared with the properties of control bricks made of 100% clay. Sewage sludge (SS) was collected at two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Croatia—WWTP Zagreb and WWTP Karlovac—and incinerated at a temperature of 900 °C The bricks were produced on a laboratory scale. A total of seven types of bricks were produced—control bricks and six types of bricks as combinations of different wt% of SSA generated from SS that was collected at two different WWTPs. The physical and mechanical properties of produced bricks were tested. Compressive strengths of bricks with 5 wt% SSA (54.0–54.5 N/mm2) and 10 wt% SSA (50.2–51.0 N/mm2) were higher compared to the control bricks (50.4 N/mm2), while bricks with 20 wt% SSA (37.0–43.9) N/mm2) had noticeably lower compressive strenght. The coefficient of saturation was lower for bricks with SSA compared to control bricks. The initial absorption values were more pronounced for SSA fractions of 20 wt%.

scholarly journals Release of gold (Au), silver (Ag) and cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles from sewage sludge incineration ash

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Wielinski ◽  
Alexander Gogos ◽  
Andreas Voegelin ◽  
Christoph R. Müller ◽  
Eberhard Morgenroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Ceo2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Sludge Ash

Conservative engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) that resist transformation during wastewater treatment and sludge incineration can be released from sewage sludge ash. Transient ENPs that undergo transformation are retained in the sewage sludge ash.

The possible use of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in the construction industry as a way towards a circular economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Smol ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka ◽  
Anna Henclik ◽  
Katarzyna Gorazda ◽  
Zbigniew Wzorek
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Sludge Ash

scholarly journals The hygrothermal assessment of cement-ash-based mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012193
Author(s):  
Barbora Krejcirikova ◽  
Carsten Rode ◽  
Pawel Wargocki ◽  
Jakub Kolarik ◽  
Ruut Peuhkuri
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
The World ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
Sludge Ash

Abstract Cement is the second most consumed substance by weight in the world, after water. The growing demand for reduced emissions of CO2 urges the cement industry to find materials with a low CO2 footprint, which calls for cement substitution. An assumption of the study has been that sewage sludge ash (SSA), an industrial by-product, can be applied as a potential cement substitute in cement-based materials without compromising material performance. The study investigated the effect of partial replacement of cement by SSA in mortar on hygrothermal properties of mortar. Two sewage sludge ashes originated from wastewater treatment plants located in the Greater Copenhagen area, Denmark. SSAs consisted of larger particles compared to cement particles; thus cement-ash-based mortar resulted in more porous structures compared to cement-based mortar. The higher porosity was responsible for a decrease of the thermal conductivity of the mortar. Significant differences were recognized in sorption isotherms of individual components, i.e. cement and ashes. However, their effect on the sorption isotherms of the mortars was minor.

scholarly journals The circular economy concept in the municipal wastewater and sewage sludge management – site-specific cases from Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jadwiga Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Abstract Introduction of the circular economy package as a result of the necessity to protect natural resources has also forced a new approach for effective wastewater and biowaste treatment and management. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have become crucial elements of regional bioeconomy - mainly through energy (waste to energy) and matter (nutrients-energy-water) recovery as an element of sustainable development of a smart city. In Poland in 2019 operated 3278 municipal wastewater treatment plants. To achieve specific effluent goals for BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus, different adaptations and modifications have been made. Modernization of technological lines of wastewater treatment has led to a significant improvement in the quality of treated sewage, at the largest WWTPs in Warsaw, Cracow or Gdansk. Eleven WWTPs produce approx. 34% of the total volume of approx. 337 GWh of electricity from biogas in Poland. The potential of producing electricity from biogas in WWTPs in Poland can be estimated at approx. 700–850 GWh per year. According to the data of the Statistics Poland in 2019 in Poland approx. 25% of sewage sludge was used directly in agriculture and for land reclamation. Simultaneously more than 100 WWTPs produce compost at high quality. However only few produce organic/organic-mineral fertilizers, mainly with addition of calcium.

scholarly journals Comparison of thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash with sodium sulphate in laboratory-scale and pilot-scale experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Herzel ◽  
J. Stemann ◽  
S. Simon ◽  
C. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Sludge Ash

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate on European scale concerning the criticality of phosphorus. In Switzerland and Germany, phosphorus recovery from phosphorus-rich waste streams will become obligatory. Sewage sludge ash is rich in phosphorus and may become an important secondary feedstock. Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash with sodium sulphate under reducing conditions was shown to remove heavy metals from the solid product and produce the fully plant available crystalline phase CaNaPO4. Pilot-scale experiments in a rotary kiln were carried out at temperatures between 750 and 1000 °C and were compared to laboratory-scale experiments with crucibles. Process upscaling was successfully demonstrated but a series of differences were noticed: In comparison to laboratory-scale, solubility of phosphorus in samples from pilot-scale experiments was lower at all chosen treatment temperatures because of shorter retention time and incomplete decomposition of sodium sulphate. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed remaining phase fractions of whitlockite (Ca3-x(Mg,Fe)x(PO4)2) and sodium sulphate from the starting materials in products and thus indicated incomplete reaction. In contrast to the results of laboratory-scale experiments, the crystalline phase CaNaPO4 was clearly absent in the products from the rotary kiln but instead a Mg-bearing phase (Ca,Mg)NaPO4 was formed. Laboratory-scale experiments confirmed (Ca,Mg)NaPO4 is an intermediate phase between whitlockite and CaNaPO4. However, both crystalline phases are characterized by high plant availability. It was shown that heavy metal removal increased at higher temperatures whereas solubility and thus plant availability of phosphorus already reached its maxima at temperatures of 950 °C in pilot-scale and 875 °C in laboratory-scale experiments.

scholarly journals Properties of concrete containing microwaved sewage sludge ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8469-8479
Author(s):  
M.A. Azed ◽  
D.S. Ing
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
Sludge Ash

Urban population of Malaysia is stated as 72.8% of its total population, and growing every year. Due to this growing number of population, the sewage sludge waste produce every year has also gradually increased. Malaysia itself produces 3.2 million m3 of sewage sludge annually. Normally all of this waste is disposed by landfill. Furthermore, usual production of cement and sewage sludge ash consumes a lot of energy by using incineration process with a very high temperature. Thus, microwave heating method was an alternatives use in this research to reduce the consumption of energy and time used to heat the sewage sludge ash. This research was conducted to investigate the optimum performances of different percentage (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by weight of cement of the Microwaved Sewage Sludge Ash (MSSA) concrete with different curing regime, which was air and water curing. The characteristic of MSSA was tested by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of MSSA concrete was examined by Compressive Strength test, Flexural Strength test and Modulus of Elasticity test after 180 days of curing. The MSSA samples were also tested with water absorption test to evaluate the quality of concrete in term of porosity and permeability. Water curing sample with 5% of MSSA (W5) had the best in results compared to other specimens. The mechanical properties of W5 content in concrete shows the most optimum samples due to the densification of pozzolanic reaction and filler effect of MSSA. The curing effect with better result was water curing, as it got highest value of strength in compressive test, flexural test and modulus of elasticity test. As conclusion, based on the results, it is shown the positive impact on using the MSSA as additional material to the cement mixture to improve the quality of the concrete. Thus, this will reduce the disposal of sewage sludge waste on dumping site and improves the quality performances of the concrete.

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