scholarly journals Superposed Natural Hazards and Pandemics: Breaking Dams, Floods, and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8713
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili ◽  
Upmanu Lall
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Insight Into

Within the engineering domain, safety issues are often related to engineering design and typically exclude factors such as epidemics, famine, and disease. This article provides a perspective on the reciprocal relationship and interaction between a natural hazard and a simultaneous pandemic outbreak and discusses how a catastrophic dam break, combined with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, poses a risk to human life. The paper uses grey- and peer-reviewed literature to support the discussion and reviews fundamentals of dam safety management, potential loss of life due to a dam break, and the recent evolution in dam risk analysis to account for the COVID-19 outbreak. Conventional risk reduction recommendations, such as quick evacuation and sheltering in communal centers, are revisited in the presence of a pandemic when social distancing is recommended. This perspective manuscript aims to provide insight into the multi-hazard risk problem resulting from a concurring natural hazard and global pandemic.

A Comparative Analysis of Dam Safety Assurance Laws

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dean Pisaniello
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Privately Owned

A number of horrific failures of both public and privately owned dams in recent decades has triggered serious concern over the safety of dams throughout the world. However, in Australia, although much Government attention is being devoted to the medium- to large-scale dams, minimal attention is being paid to the serious potential cumulative, catchment-wide problems associated with smaller private dams. The paper determines how to consider addressing hazardous private dam safety issues generally through a comparative analysis of international dam safety policy/law systems. The analysis has identified elements of best and minimum practice that can and do exist successfully to provide deserved assurance to the community of the proper safety management of hazardous private dams at both the individual and cumulative, catchment-wide levels. These elements provide benchmarks that enable ‘appropriate’ legislative arrangements to be determined for different jurisdictional circumstances as illustrated with an Australian policy-deficient case study.

Small dams safety issues – engineering/policy models and community responses from Australia

Water Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Pisaniello ◽  
Wu Zhifang ◽  
Jennifer M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Engineering Consulting

Dam safety is a serious issue worldwide. However, in many countries, for example, China and Australia, although much attention is being devoted to the medium to large-scale dams, little or no attention is being paid to the serious potential problems associated with smaller dams, particularly the potential “cumulative domino effect” failure risk to the larger public dams. Farmers in Australia have often overlooked the common law obligation to review/design dams in line with current standards because of high engineering consulting costs. This leaves them vulnerable to litigation if their dam fails and the downstream community is susceptible to unacceptable risk levels. To overcome this problem, an innovative Australian-developed cost-effective spillway design/review procedure has been developed to minimise cost burdens to dam owners and encourage better dam safety management. A recent survey undertaken in the Australian “policy model” State of Victoria to test community attitudes to the procedure and implemented dam safety and water allocation policy is also reported here. This survey clearly demonstrates that farmers require more than awareness and encouragement in order to ensure that they look after their dams properly.

The Economic Loss Estimate of Dam Break Based on 2D Dam Break-Wave Numerical Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2457-2462
Author(s):  
Zhao Wei Shen ◽  
Cun Hong Pan ◽  
Sui Gao Ye ◽  
Hai Yan Lu ◽  
Li Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Flux Vector ◽  
Flux Vector Splitting ◽  
Loss Estimate ◽  
2D Numerical Model

A 2D numerical model based on Boltzmann equation and an unstructured FVM grid with a kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS) scheme was developed to simulate dam break-wave. As an example, propagation of the dam-break wave of one reservoir dam at Yuhang District of Hangzhou in Hangzhou was simulated by this model. Using regional economy, population, and geography data of 2008, the economic loss caused by dam failure was evaluated. The result shows that total economic loss is about 20% of the GDP in Yuhang, which is close to the conclusion of some existing researches. It is foreseeable that this method would to be used more widely in Zhejiang for dam safety management.

scholarly journals Review of Dam-break Research of Earth-rock Dam Combining with Dam Safety Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo You ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Xu Min ◽  
Tong Xiaolei
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Dam Safety

scholarly journals Solidarity at Issue: Pandemics and Religious Belief

Phronimon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Giddy
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Natural Evil ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Bourgeois Society ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Polite Society ◽  
Existential Problem

A global pandemic such as that of the 2020 Covid-19 corona virus, causing great suffering and loss of life, brings home the difficult conditions that make for our fragile human life. But the question that religious belief poses, about “natural evil” in a world created by a loving God, satirised by Voltaire in the 18th century, masks the more existential problem, the possibility of greater human solidarity. In the background is the Deist view of God complementing the “polite society” of mutual benefit and guaranteeing the latter’s benevolent outcome. It is a worldview, as Charles Taylor (2007) explains, that has put aside the premodern idea of human transformation, that was symbolised by religious virtuosi, saints, theophanies, and so on, now looked upon with suspicion by modernity. But the possibility of transformation, of a generous human response to suffering, is what is called for in a pandemic. In Camus’ novel, The Plague, we see the more authentic response that resists being boxed in by religious enthusiasts to a constricted and ideological affirmation of a cosmic picture that obscures the fault-lines of bourgeois society.

PERAN DESIGNATED PERSON ASHORE (DPA) DALAM PENGOPERASIAN KAPAL YANG AMAN SESUAI KETENTUAN NASIONAL DAN INTERNASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganjar Suganjar ◽  
Renny Hermawati
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Environmental Protection Policy ◽  
Human Injury

<p><em>Safety management in the shipping industry is based on an international regulation. It is International Safety Management Code (ISM-Code) which is a translation of SOLAS ‘74 Chapter IX. It stated that t</em><em>he objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular, to the marine environment, and to property.it is also</em><em> requires commitment from top management to implementation on both company and on board. The implementation of the ISM-Code is expected to make the ship’s safety is more secure. The ISM-Code fulfillment refers to 16 elements, there are; General; Safety and Environmental Protection Policy; Company Responsibility and Authority; Designated Person(s); Master Responsibility and Authority; Resources and Personnel; Shipboard Operation; Emergency Preparedness; Report and Analysis of Non-conformities, Accidents and Hazardous Occurrences; Maintenance of the Ship and Equipment; Documentation; Company Verification, Review, and Evaluation;  Certification and Periodical Verification; Interim Certification; Verification; Forms of Certificate. The responsibility and authority of Designated Person Ashore / DPA in a shipping company is regulated in the ISM-Code. So, it is expected that DPA can carry out its role well, than can minimize the level of accidents in each vessels owned/operated by each shipping company.</em></p><p><em></em><strong><em>Keywords :</em></strong><em> ISM Code,</em><em> </em><em>Safety management, </em><em>Designated Person Ashore</em></p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Manajemen keselamatan di bidang pelayaran saat ini diimplementasikan dalam suatu peraturan internasional yaitu <em>International Safety Management Code</em> (<em>ISM-Code</em>) yang merupakan penjabaran dari <em>SOLAS 74 Chapter IX</em>-<em>Management for the safe operation of ships</em>. Tujuan dari <em>ISM-Code</em> <em>“The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular, to the marine environment, and to property”</em> dan  <em>ISM-Code</em> menghendaki adanya komitmen dari manajemen tingkat puncak sampai pelaksanaan, baik di darat maupun di kapal.  Pemberlakuan <em>ISM-Code</em> tersebut diharapkan akan membuat keselamatan kapal menjadi lebih terjamin. Pemenuhan <em>ISM-Code</em> mengacu kepada 16 elemen yang terdiri dari ; umum; kebijakan keselamatan  dan perlindungan lingkungan; tanggung jawab dan wewenang perusahaan; petugas yang ditunjuk didarat; tanggung jawab dan wewenang nahkoda; sumber daya dan personil; pengopersian kapal; kesiapan menghadapi keadaan darurat; pelaporan dan analisis ketidaksesuaian, kecelakaan dan kejadian berbahaya; pemeliharaan kapal dan perlengkapan;  Dokumentasi; verifikasi, tinjauan ulang, dan evaluasi oleh perusahaan; sertifikasi dan verifikasi berkala; sertifikasi sementara; verifikasi; bentuk sertifikat. Tugas dan tanggungjawab <em>Designated Person Ashore/DPA </em>didalam suatu perusahaan pelayaran<em>, </em>telah diatur di dalam <em>ISM-Code.</em>  Sehingga diharapkan agar DPA dapat melaksanakan peranannya dengan baik, sehingga dapat menekan tingkat kecelakaan di setiap armada kapal yang dimiliki oleh setiap perusahaan pelayaran.</p><p class="Style1"><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : <em>ISM Code</em>, Manajemen keselamatan, <em>Designated Person Ashore</em></p>

BIM-Based Quality Control for Safety Issues in the Design and Construction Phases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghwa Park ◽  
Inhan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Safety

Today’s buildings are getting larger and more complex. As a result, the traditional method of manually checking the design of a building is no longer efficient since such a process is time-consuming and laborious. It is becoming increasingly important to establish and automate processes for checking the quality of buildings. By automatically checking whether buildings satisfy requirements, Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows for rapid decision-making and evaluation. In this context, the work presented here focuses on resolving building safety issues via a proposed BIM-based quality checking process. Through the use case studies, the efficiency and usability of the devised strategy is evaluated. This research can be beneficial in promoting the efficient use of BIM-based communication and collaboration among the project party concerned for improving safety management. In addition, the work presented here has the potential to expand research efforts in BIM-based quality checking processes.

scholarly journals Manual on the proper use of sodium astatide ([211At]NaAt) injections in clinical trials for targeted alpha therapy (1st edition)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Watabe ◽  
Makoto Hosono ◽  
Seigo Kinuya ◽  
Takahiro Yamada ◽  
Sachiko Yanagida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Targeted Alpha Therapy ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
And Training ◽  
Alpha Therapy

AbstractWe present the guideline for use of [211At] sodium astatide (NaAt) for targeted alpha therapy in clinical trials on the basis of radiation safety issues in Japan. This guideline was prepared by a study supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and approved by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine on 8th Feb, 2021. The study showed that patients receiving [211At]NaAt do not need to be admitted to a radiotherapy room and outpatient treatment is possible. The radiation exposure from the patient is within the safety standards of the ICRP and IAEA recommendations for the general public and caregivers. Precautions for patients and their families, safety management associated with the use of [211At]NaAt, education and training, and disposal of medical radioactive contaminants are also included in this guideline. Treatment using [211At]NaAt in Japan should be carried out according to this guideline. Although this guideline is applied in Japan, the issues for radiation protection and evaluation methodology shown here are considered internationally useful as well.

Towards the New Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Maruma Mrema
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Biodiversity

While 2020 –dubbed the “Super Year for Nature –has seen the world battling an unforeseen global pandemic, this article comes back on the Convention of Biological Diversity and its regime, studies the aim of the negotiations of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and the relevance of this framework for the planet, considering that the protection of biological diversity impacts all aspects of human life, including the full enjoying of human rights and protection against future pandemics.

scholarly journals Price of human life: Medical, legal and social aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Andrejs Vilks
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Insurance Costs ◽  
Philosophical Aspect

The author of the article turns attention to the phenomenon of human life, recognizing it as the value which is hard and complicated to define. The price of a human life comprises philosophical, political, sociological and legal issues. From the legal and philosophical aspect the price of a human life is practically impossible to determine, since it is worth the highest price. Determination of the price of human life means admitting that a human is the measure of value in a certain community under appropriate socially economic conditions. Different approaches and methodologies are applied in determination of a materialized price of a human life, therefore the rating of the price is varied. In determining the price of a human life, the legal aspect is important, since it deals with the fixation of the amount of compensations in cases of an individual's loss of life and calculations of the insurance costs.

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