scholarly journals Neighborhood Environment, Active Commute, and Healthy BMI in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8286
Author(s):  
Yehua Dennis Wei ◽  
Weiye Xiao ◽  
Ivis Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Latent Variable Analysis

The prevalence of obesity has become a primary risk factor for adolescents’ health, which is an essential factor in poverty reduction and sustainable development. Physical activity can help adolescents reduce obesity risk and keep a healthy body mass index (BMI). We analyze the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (NYPANS) for U.S. school students from 9th to 12th grades (aging from 12 to 18). A latent variable analysis explored the relationship between adolescents’ BMI, physical activity, and physical and social environment. We found that Hispanic adolescents have higher BMI because they participate in fewer physical activities. We found that active commuting to school does not provide sufficient physical activity to keep a healthy BMI. The neighborhood environment for physical activity, such as public exercise and recreational center facilities, can reduce BMI but cannot help underweight adolescents increase BMI. Finally, spending too much leisure time on electronic entertainment, such as video games, is a dominating contributor to unhealthy BMI. These research outcomes suggest that providing a physical activity-friendly environment for adolescents, such as the facilities for physical activity in the neighborhood, is critical to a healthy BMI. Interventions that encourage physical activity and reduce leisure time on electronic entertainment to meet physical activity guidelines are also necessary.

Physical Activities of U.S. High School Students—2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (s1) ◽  
pp. S11-S17 ◽  
Author(s):  
MinKyoung Song ◽  
Dianna D. Carroll ◽  
Sarah M. Lee ◽  
Janet E. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Youth Physical Activity ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background:The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines recommend youth participate in a variety of physical activities; however, few nationally representative studies describe the types and variety of youth activity. This study assessed the most frequently reported types and variety of activities among U.S. high school students, and examined the association between variety and meeting the 2008 Guidelines for aerobic activity (aerobic guideline).Methods:We analyzed data on 8628 U.S. high school students in grades 9–12 from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey. Types of physical activity were assessed by identifying which activities each student reported in the past 7 days. Variety was assessed by the total number of different activities each student reported. Percentage (95% CI) of students who reported engaging in each activity was assessed. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between variety and meeting the aerobic guideline.Results:Walking was the most frequently reported activity among U.S. high school students. On average, students reported participating in 6 different activities. Variety was positively associated with meeting the aerobic guideline.Conclusions:These findings support encouraging youth to participate in many physical activities and may be useful for developing interventions that focus on the most prevalent activities.

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Occupational, Leisure-Time, and Household Physical Activity, and Diabetes in Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera K. Tsenkova ◽  
Chioun Lee ◽  
Jennifer Morozink Boylan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Household Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Domain ◽  
Physical Activity Domain

Background:Regular physical activity is a key way to prevent disease. However, we have a limited understanding of the socioeconomic precursors and glucoregulatory sequelae of engaging in physical activity in different domains.Methods:We examined the associations among life course socioeconomic disadvantage; meeting the physical activity guidelines with leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity, or household physical activity; and prediabetes and diabetes in the Midlife in the United States national study (N = 986).Results:Childhood disadvantage was associated with lower odds of meeting the guidelines with leisure-time physical activity (odds ratio = 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.86). Adulthood disadvantage was associated with higher odds of meeting the guidelines with occupational physical activity (odds ratio = 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–2.53). Importantly, while meeting the guidelines with leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower odds of prediabetes and diabetes, we found no evidence for associations among occupational physical activity, household physical activity, and glucoregulation.Conclusion:Current US physical activity guidelines do not differentiate between physical activity for leisure or work, assuming that physical activity in any domain confers comparable health benefits. We documented important differences in the associations among lifetime socioeconomic disadvantage, physical activity domain, and diabetes, suggesting that physical activity domain potentially belongs in the guidelines, similar to other characteristics of activity (eg, type, intensity).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a creative physical education intervention on elementary school students’ leisure-time physical activity motivation and overall physical activity in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 796-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kokkonen ◽  
Sami Yli-Piipari ◽  
Marja Kokkonen ◽  
John Quay
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
School Context ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
School Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This study investigated the effectiveness of a creative physical education (CPE) intervention on students’ perceptions of motivational climate in physical education (PE), leisure-time physical activity (PA) motivation, and overall PA. A sample of 382 fourth to sixth grade students ( Mage= 10.87[.93]) from two elementary schools were assigned to the CPE intervention ( n = 196; Mage= 10.84[.95]) and control ‘PE-as-usual’ ( n = 186; Mage= 10.90[.90]) groups. Students’ perceived task- and ego-supportive climate in PE, leisure-time PA motivation, and overall PA were measured before and after the one-year intervention. Analyses of covariance and path analyses were implemented to test the effectiveness of the intervention. The intervention had a positive effect on students’ perceptions of task-supportive climate in PE ( p < .001) and a negative effect on ego-supportive climate ( p < .001). Students’ perceptions of task-supportive climate had a positive effect on their leisure-time PA motivation ( p < .001), which, in turn, had a positive effect on their overall PA ( p < .001). The results suggest that CPE-based PE may increase students’ perceptions of task-supportive climate in PE, which predicts their later leisure-time PA motivation outside the school context and overall PA.

Abstract 16: Economic Cost of Type 2 Diabetes Attributable to Physical Inactivity in the United States in 2012

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyank P Shah ◽  
Fayez Shamoon ◽  
Mahesh Bikkina ◽  
Harold Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Average Annual Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

Objective: Type 2 diabetes has grown to epidemic proportions in the U.S. and physical activity levels in the population continues to remain low, although it is a major primary preventive strategy for diabetes. The objectives of this study were to estimate the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes attributable to not meeting physical activity Guidelines and to physical inactivity in the U.S. in 2012. Methods: This was a cross sectional study that used physical activity prevalence data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Estimates of relative risk of type 2 diabetes for subjects not engaging in any leisure time physical activity and those not meeting physical activity guidelines were obtained for multiple studies published in the literature. Using the prevalence of not meeting physical activity guidelines, physical inactivity and the respective relative risks, the population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) for type 2 diabetes was estimated by Levin’s formula. These data were combined with the prevalence and cost data of type 2 diabetes (in 2012) to estimate the cost of type 2 diabetes attributable to not meeting physical activity Guidelines, and to physical inactivity in 2012. Sensitivity analyses were done for i) varying the prevalence of not meeting physical activity guidelines from 30-70%, and ii) varying the average annual cost of type 2 diabetes from $4394 (for person less than 45 years of age) to $11825 (for person greater than 65 years of age). Results: The prevalence of U.S. population meeting physical activity guidelines and engaging in no leisure time activity was 50% and 30% respectively in 2012. The average annual cost attributable to type 2 diabetes in the US, was $7888 per person. The cost of type 2 diabetes in the U.S. in 2012, attributable to not meeting physical activity guidelines was estimated to be $18.6 billion, and that attributable to physical inactivity was estimated to be $5.9 billion. Based on sensitivity analyses, these estimates ranged from $10.36 billion to $27.9 billion for not meeting physical activity guidelines and $3.3 billion to $8.87 billion for physical inactivity in the year 2012. Conclusions: This study shows that billions of dollars could be saved annually just in terms of type 2 diabetes cost in the U.S., if the entire adult population was active enough to meet physical activity guidelines. Physical activity promotion, particularly at the environmental and policy level should be a priority in the population.

scholarly journals Positive Association of Physical Activity with Both Objective and Perceived Measures of the Neighborhood Environment among Older Adults: The Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7971
Author(s):  
Yuanying Li ◽  
Hiroshi Yatsuya ◽  
Tomoya Hanibuchi ◽  
Atsuhiko Ota ◽  
Hisao Naito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Japanese Residents

We examined the association between objective and perceived neighborhood characteristics and self-reported leisure-time physical activity (PA) in older Japanese residents living in areas ranging from metropolitan to rural in 2016. Objective measures used were walkability and the numbers of parks/green spaces and sports facilities within 500 or 1000 m of subjects’ homes, calculated using geographic information systems. Subjective measures were the subjects’ perceptions of their neighborhoods, assessed using a structured questionnaire. All variables were divided into three groups, and the lowest tertile was used as the reference. We assessed the location and frequency of strolling or brisk walking, moderate-intensity PA, and vigorous-intensity PA (sports) using a self-reported questionnaire and defined as performing a certain type of PA 3–4 times/week as a habit. Living in a neighborhood in the highest tertile for walkability and number of parks/green spaces as well as perception of having good access to recreational facilities, observing others exercising and the presence of walkable sidewalks was associated with walking and sports habits (multivariable odds ratios (ORs): 1.33–2.46, all p < 0.05). Interestingly, objective measures of PA-friendly environmental features were inversely associated with moderate-intensity PA habits, potentially because moderate-intensity PA consisted predominantly of gardening. In conclusion, living in an environment supportive of PA, whether objectively or subjectively measured, is related to leisure-time PA habits among older Japanese adults.

Scale Construction for Measuring Adolescent Boys' and Girls' Attitudes, Beliefs, Perception of Control, and Intention to Engage in Leisure-Time Physical Activity

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew S. Kerner ◽  
Michael I. Kalinski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
School Students ◽  
Perception Of Control ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Physical Activity Scale

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework, the Attitude to Leisure-time Physical Activity, Expectations of Others, Perceived Control, and Intention to Engage in Leisure-time Physical Activity scales were developed for use among high school students. The study population included 20 boys and 68 girls 13 to 17 years of age (for boys, M=15.1 yr., SD=1.0; for girls, M= 15.0 yr., SD= 1.1). Generation of items and the establishment of content validity were performed by professionals in exercise physiology, physical education, and clinical psychology. Each scale item was phrased in a Likert type format. Both unipolar and bipolar scales with seven response choices were developed. Following the pilot testing and subsequent revisions, 32 items were retained in the Attitude to Leisure-time Physical Activity scale. 10 items were retained in the Expectations of Others scale, 3 items were retained in the Perceived Control Scale, and 24 items were retained in the Intention to Engage in Leisure-time Physical Activity scale. Coefficients indicated adequate stability and internal consistency with α ranging from .81 to .96. Studies of validities are underway, after which scales would be made available to those interested in intervention techniques for promoting positive attitudes toward physical fitness, perception of control over engaging in leisure-lime physical activities, and good intentions to engage in leisure-time physical activities. The present results arc encouraging.

Neighborhood Environment, Access to Places for Activity, and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in a Diverse North Carolina Population

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Huston ◽  
Kelly R. Evenson ◽  
Philip Bors ◽  
Ziya Gizlice
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose. To examine associations between perceived neighborhood characteristics, access to places for activity, and leisure-time physical activity. Design. Cross-sectional telephone survey. Setting. Cabarrus, Henderson, Pitt, Robeson, Surry, and Wake counties in North Carolina. Subjects. Population-based sample of 1796 adults at least 18 years of age residing in the six counties. Measures. The 133-item questionnaire assessed self-reported leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of neighborhood characteristics (sidewalks, trails, heavy traffic, streetlights, unattended dogs, and safety from crime) and general access to places for physical activity. Results. Trails, streetlights, and access to places were positively associated with engaging in any leisure activity: unadjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]); 1.62 (1.09–2.41), 1.57 (1.14–2.17), and 2.94 (1.91–4.52), respectively. Trails and access to places were positively associated with engaging in the recommended amount of leisure activity: 1.49 (1.00–2.22), and 2.28 (1.30–4.00), respectively). In multivariable logistic regression modeling including environmental factors and demographics, access to places was associated with any activity (2.23 [1.44–3.44]) and recommended activity (2.15 [1.23–3.77]), and trails were associated with recommended activity (1.51 [1.00–2.28]). Conclusion. Certain neighborhood characteristics, particularly trails, and access to places for physical activity may be associated with leisure activity levels. In this study, perceived neighborhood environmental factors and access to places for physical activity were strongly associated with race, education, and income.

scholarly journals Using Physical Education to Promote Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Lower Secondary School Students: The PETALS Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jekaterina Schneider ◽  
Juho Polet ◽  
Mary Hassandra ◽  
Taru Lintunen ◽  
Arto Laukkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Perceived Autonomy Support

Abstract Background Inadequate physical activity in young people is associated with several physical and mental health concerns. Physical education (PE) is a potentially viable existing network for promoting physical activity in this population. However, little research has been conducted on whether PE teachers can influence students’ engagement in leisure-time physical activity. The present study therefore examined the efficacy of an intervention aimed at increasing PE teachers’ autonomy support on students’ leisure-time physical activity (the PETALS trial). The intervention was guided by the trans-contextual model (TCM) explaining the processes by which PE teachers’ provision of autonomy support during PE promotes students’ motivation and engagement in physical activity in their leisure time. Methods The study adopted a cluster-randomized, waitlist control intervention design with randomization by school. Participants were PE teachers (N = 29, 44.83%female; M age = 42.83, SD = 9.53yrs) and their lower secondary school students (N = 502, 43.82%female; M age = 14.52, SD = 0.71yrs). We measured TCM constructs, including perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation in PE and leisure time, beliefs and intentions towards leisure-time physical activity, and physical activity behavior at baseline, post-intervention, and at one-, three-, and six-months. Study hypotheses were tested through a series of ANOVAs and structural equation models using post-intervention and one-month follow-up data. Results We found no changes in TCM constructs or physical activity behavior in either group at post-intervention or at one month. Path analyses supported two propositions of the TCM as change variables: perceived autonomy support had a significant effect on autonomous motivation in PE and autonomous motivation in PE had a significant effect on autonomous motivation in leisure time. Although we found a direct effect of autonomous motivation in leisure time on physical activity, we did not find support for the third premise of the TCM that autonomous motivation in leisure time indirectly affects physical activity through beliefs and intentions. Conclusions Current findings did not support the efficacy of the PETALS intervention at changing physical activity behavior and TCM constructs. More research is required to determine whether the TCM predictive validity is supported when other model variables are manipulated through experimental and intervention studies. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN39374060. Registered 19 July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN39374060

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