scholarly journals Effect of Peatland Siltation on Total and Labile C, N, P and K

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8240
Author(s):  
Slawomir Smolczynski ◽  
Barbara Kalisz ◽  
Pawel Urbanowicz ◽  
Miroslaw Orzechowski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Labile C ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter ◽  
C And N ◽  
Total P

Large areas of peatlands, in addition to the effect of drainage, were subjected to erosional process and were silted. The objective of the study was to verify whether siltation of peatlands hampers mineralization of remaining peat and alters labile C, N, P and K. Total C and N were measured on a CN analyzer, and total P and K on an ICP spectrometer after microwave digestion. The labile fractions of C, N, P and K were extracted with hot water and measured on the CN analyzer and ICP spectrometer. We noted that labile C, N, P and K concentrations in silted topsoil were lower than the values reported in unsilted topsoil. Higher concentration of labile compounds in peats is a signal of higher biological activity and mineralization of organic matter. A TOC/TP < 300 and TOC/TN of approximately 8 in topsoil suggested diminished mineralization and supported our hypothesis that siltation hampered mineralization of organic matter. The TOC/TK ratio proved to be a fine indicator of the state of organic soils siltation, which enabled the separation of unsilted peats from silted topsoil (on the base of value of 177). It can be assumed that the mineralization of peat layers is hampered by the above lying silted topsoil, which is less biologically active, having less oxygen, and therefore conserving underlying peats against oxidation.

scholarly journals Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations for Sugarcane on Florida Organic Soils

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mabry McCray
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Everglades Agricultural Area ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter

Potassium is a primary plant nutrient that is required in large amounts by sugarcane. About 74% of the 400,000 acres of Florida sugarcane is grown on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area. Potassium is not a component of organic matter and virgin Histosols contain very low concentrations of K, so release of K through mineralization of organic matter in these soils is not an adequate K source for plant growth. This 7-page document presents revised potassium fertilizer recommendations for sugarcane grown on Florida organic soils along with supporting information. Written by J. Mabry McCray, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, February 2019.  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag428

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF HORNY ALTAI PEATS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

2019 ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Lidiya Ivanovna Inisheva ◽  
Ol'ga Aleksandrovna Rozhanskaya ◽  
Galina Vasil'yevna Larina
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Gorny Altai ◽  
Active Substances

The search for new raw materials of biologically active substances of natural origin is an urgent task for the modern period. Peat in this respect is a relatively cheap and almost unlimited raw material base. Peat of swamps can be used widely in agriculture for receipt of biologically active substances are of great interest in the territory of the Gorny Altai. The purpose of this work is to study the composition of organic matter of peats of the Gorny Altai, to choose peat raw materials for biologically active production and to study their biological activity. The object of the study was 46 swamps of the Gorny Altai. The following analyses were carried out in peats: botanical composition, degree of decomposition, ash content, group composition of peat organic matter. The composition of humic acids (ha) was analyzed by IR spectroscopy. For determine of the biological activity of humic acids was used plant tissue cultured . The results of the research allowed to distinguish peats by the content of HA: buckbean peat (47.0% of HA), wood peat (50.0% of HA), fern peat (55.0% of HA), grass peat (30.0–45.0% of HA), sedge peat (5.6–58.0% of HA), grass-buckbean peat (43.0–56.5% of HA) and to outline the raw material base for the production of BAS – peatland Turochak. According to the optimal characteristics of HAs, a sample was taken from a depth of 325-375 cm, HA was isolated. The biological activity In humic acid was determined with the use of plant tissue culture. High biological activity are proven of the preparations of HA from the peatland Turochak, which resulted in the acceleration of microclonal propagation of plants in vitro.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COPPER CONTENTS, RATES OF SOIL RESPIRATION AND PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES OF SOME HISTOSOLS IN AN AREA OF SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC IN THE SUMMER AND THE FALL

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. MATHUR ◽  
R. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Phosphatase Enzyme

Samples from 17 fields of organic soils (Histosols) were collected on the same day between rows of crops in the summer of 1976 from the environs of Ste. Clothilde, Quebec. Thirty-three properties of the soils were examined for possible correlations. The copper contents of the samples were found to have statistically significant negative correlations with their rates of respiration which were measured as carbon lost as CO2 upon incubation at 21 ± 2 °C. The acid phosphatase enzyme contents in these Histosol samples at each of three different levels of soil biochemical activity were also similarly negatively correlated with their copper concentrations. The above results were confirmed almost without exception by the data obtained by similar analysis of seven samples collected from the same area in the fall of 1976 when the fields were bare. The results supported an earlier suggestion of Mathur and Rayment (1977) that copper application (at a few quintals/ha) be investigated as a means of mitigating the mineralization and subsidence of some organic soils. Apparently, the added Cu may inactivate some of the exocellular soil enzymes which normally contribute to the degradation and mineralization of organic matter.

Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensity

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gajda ◽  
B. Przewłoka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Labile Fraction ◽  
C And N

Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensityThe effect of tillage intensity on changes of microbiological activity and content of particulate organic matter in soil under winter wheat duirng 3 years was studied. Microbial response related to the tillage-induced changes in soil determined on the content of biomass C and N, the rate of CO2evolution, B/F ratio, the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, soil C/N ratio and microbial biomass C/N ratio confirmed the high sensitivity of soil microbial populations to the tillage system applied. After three year studies, the direct sowing system enhanced the increase of labile fraction of organic matter content in soil. There were no significant changes in the labile fraction quantity observed in soil under conventional tillage. Similar response related to the tillage intensity was observed in particulate organic matter quantities expressed as a percentage of total organic matter in soil. A high correlation coefficients calculated between contents of soil microbial biomass C and N, particulate organic matter and potentially mineralizable N, and the obtained yields of winter wheat grown on experimental fields indicated on a high importance of biological quality of status of soil for agricultural crop production.

Changes in soil quality following humping/hollowing and flipping of pakihi soils on the West Coast, South Island New Zealand

2007 ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Thomas ◽  
M.H.Beare C.D. Ford ◽  
V. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The West ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Soil C

Humping/hollowing and flipping are land development practices widely used on the West Coast to overcome waterlogging constraints to pasture production. However, there is very limited information about how the resulting "new" soils function and how their properties change over time following these extreme modifications. We hypothesised that soil quality will improve in response to organic matter inputs from plants and excreta, which will in turn increase nutrient availability. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the soil organic matter and nutrient content of soils at different stages of development after modification. We observed improvements in soil quality with increasing time following soil modification under both land development practices. Total soil C and N values were very low following flipping, but over 8 years these values had increased nearly five-fold. Other indicators of organic matter quality such as hot water extractable C (HWC) and anaerobically mineralisable N (AMN) showed similar increases. With large capital applications of superphosphate fertiliser to flipped soils in the first year and regular applications of maintenance fertiliser, Olsen P levels also increased from values

Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils by hot water percolation (HWP)

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takács ◽  
Gy. Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Soil Humic Acid

The Hot Water Percolation (HWP) technique for preparing soil extracts has several advantages: it is easily carried out, fast, and several parameters can be measured from the same solution. The object of this study was to examine the possible use of HWP extracts for the characterization of soil organic matter. The HPLC-SEC chromatograms, UV-VIS and fluorescence properties of the HWP extracts were studied and the results were compared with those of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Soil Humic Acid (HA), IHSS Soil Fulvic Acid (FA) and IHSS Suwannee Natural Organic Matter (NOM) standards as well as their HA counterparts isolated by traditional extraction methods from the original soil samples. The DOM of the HWP solution is probably a mixture of organic materials, which have some characteristics similar to the Soil FA fractions and NOM. The HWP extracted organic material can be studied and characterized using simple techniques, like UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy.

scholarly journals The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Václav Voltr ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Eduard Pokorný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models

The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.

Isoselenocyanates: Synthesis and Their Use for Preparing Selenium-Based Heterocycles

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan H. Bossmann ◽  
Raul Neri
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Oxidative Cyclization ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoselenium Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthetic Work

AbstractIsoselenocyanates (ISCs) are a class of organoselenium compounds that have been recognized as potential chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative agents against cancer(s) and infectious diseases. ISC compounds are chemically analogous to their isosteric relatives, isothiocyanates (ITCs); however, they possess increased biological activity, such as enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells. ISCs not only serve as significant products, but also as precursors and essential intermediates for a variety of organoselenium compounds, such as selenium-containing heterocycles, which are biologically active. While syntheses of ISCs have become less difficult to accomplish, the syntheses of selenium-containing heterocycles are often difficult due to the use of highly toxic selenium reagents. Because of this, ISCs can serve as versatile reagents for the preparation of these heterocycles. In this review, the classical and recent syntheses of ISCs will be discussed, along with notable and recent synthetic work employing ISCs to access novel selenium-containing heterocycles.1 Introduction1.1 Selenium and Health2 Isoselenocyanates2.1 Preparation of Isoselenocyanates3 Selenium-Containing Heterocycles3.1 Notable Synthetic Work3.2 Recent Synthetic Work3.2.1 Synthesis of N-(3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3H-selenazol-2-ylidene)benzamide­ Derivatives3.2.2 Synthesis and X-ray Studies of Diverse Selenourea Derivatives3.2.3 Synthesis of Heteroarene-Fused [1,2,4]Thiadiazoles/Selenadiazoles via Iodine-Promoted [3+2] Oxidative Cyclization3.2.4 2-Amino-1,3-selenazole Derivatives via Base-Promoted Multicomponent Reactions4 Conclusion

Post-thinning soil organic matter evolution and soil CO2 effluxes in temperate radiata pine plantations: impacts of moderate thinning regimes on the forest C cycle

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1953-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Fernandez ◽  
Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González ◽  
Beatríz Carrasco ◽  
Ana Daría Ruíz-González ◽  
Ana Cabaneiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
C And N

Forest ecosystems can act as C sinks, thus absorbing a high percentage of atmospheric CO2. Appropriate silvicultural regimes can therefore be applied as useful tools in climate change mitigation strategies. The present study analyzed the temporal changes in the effects of thinning on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and on soil CO2 emissions in radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) forests. Soil C effluxes were monitored over a period of 2 years in thinned and unthinned plots. In addition, soil samples from the plots were analyzed by solid-state 13C-NMR to determine the post-thinning SOM composition and fresh soil samples were incubated under laboratory conditions to determine their biodegradability. The results indicate that the potential soil C mineralization largely depends on the proportion of alkyl-C and N-alkyl-C functional groups in the SOM and on the microbial accessibility of the recalcitrant organic pool. Soil CO2 effluxes varied widely between seasons and increased exponentially with soil heating. Thinning led to decreased soil respiration and attenuation of the seasonal fluctuations. These effects were observed for up to 20 months after thinning, although they disappeared thereafter. Thus, moderate thinning caused enduring changes to the SOM composition and appeared to have temporary effects on the C storage capacity of forest soils, which is a critical aspect under the current climatic change scenario.

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