scholarly journals Sustainability of Project-Based Learning by Incorporating Transdisciplinary Design in Fabrication of Hydraulic Robot Arm

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7949
Author(s):  
Taha Farid ◽  
Sara Ali ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Khalid Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Student Feedback ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference

Wider acceptance of project-based learning (PjBL) in the tertiary education industry has been obstructed by its resource-intensive nature. This paper introduces a transdisciplinary variant of PjBL for undergraduate engineering students through a multidisciplinary complex engineering problem requiring the design and fabrication of a hydraulic robot arm. The robotics-inspired transdisciplinary PjBL variant was first evaluated through student feedback using the Chi-square hypothesis test, which, at Chi-square (4, N = 101) = 129.12; p < 0.05, revealed a statistically significant difference in the proportion of the student feedback in favor of the PjBL for sustainability of transdisciplinary project-based learning. Furthermore, the students’ PjBL and PbBL scores were subjected to the Mann–Whitney U test which concluded the effectiveness of PjBL against PbBL with statistical significance, U(N = 101) = 192.00, z = −11.826, p < 0.05. The results indicate that the novel transdisciplinary project-based learning (PjBL) approach develops students’ practical engineering knowledge spanning multiple disciplines, thereby resulting in a sustainable concept of project-based learning.

scholarly journals MAJORITY/PLURALITY SYSTEMS: THE CHOICE OF LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
D. Pastarmadzhieva
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

The electoral system of a country is related to the political, economic and social areas of life. Their functioning directly or indirectly depends on it and the different types and subtypes of electoral systems produce different effects. The purpose of the current study is to identify if there is a relation between the statute of the least developed countries and their electoral system. The object of the study are countries, defined as least developed in 2018 by the United Nations. The focus is the type of electoral system for the legislative body (or its lower chamber in case of bicameralism) of these countries, their regime type, overall score and the score for electoral process and pluralism according to EIU Democracy Index 2018. For the purposes of the analysis statistical methods (frequencies, hypothesis test and chi-square test) and comparative approach are used. The results show that there is statistically significant relationship between the statute of least developed countries and their electoral system on one hand and their regime type on other. There is also a statistically significant difference in the scores of least developed countries compared to all others regarding the evaluation of democracy and the electoral process and pluralism.

scholarly journals Students’ Task Understanding during Engineering Problem Solving in an Introductory Thermodynamics Course

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Oenardi Lawanto ◽  
Angela Minichiello ◽  
Jacek Uziak ◽  
Andreas Febrian
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Prior Learning ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Task Interpretation

Understanding problems or tasks is a critical step in any problem-solving activity and the heart of self-regulated learning. When encountering a problem, students draw upon information available in the environment, along with knowledge, concepts, and perceptions derived from prior learning experiences, to interpret the demands of the task. Interpretation of tasks is, therefore, a key determinant of the goals set while learning, strategies selected to achieve those goals, and the criteria used to self-assess and evaluate outcomes. The purpose of this study is to better understand engineering students’ self-regulation in task interpretation processes while engaged in problem solving in an introductory engineering thermodynamics course. Two research questions guided the study: (1) What are the gaps, if any, between the instructor’s and students’ interpretation (explicit and implicit task features) of a problem-solving task?; and (2) How do students’ task interpretation (explicit and implicit) change after engaging in self-evaluation of their problem-solving processes? One hundred twelve (112) second year engineering undergraduates voluntarily participated in the study. Analysis of the data collected revealed a significant difference between the instructor’s and students’ task interpretation of the assigned problems. Furthermore, the analysis showed that students’ had a higher ability to identify the explicit parts of problem tasks than implicit ones. Students were able to grasp 63 to 77 percent and 39 to 49 percent, respectively, of the explicit and implicit information that was presented to them while engaged in problem-solving activities.

scholarly journals Influence of Therapeutic Play on the anxiety of hospitalized school-age children: Clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Gisele Tobias da Silva ◽  
Maiara Aurichio Santos ◽  
Claudia Maria de Freitas Floriano ◽  
Elaine Buchhorn Cintra Damião ◽  
Fernanda Vieira de Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Therapeutic Play ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of Dramatic Therapeutic Play (DTP) technique on the degree of anxiety in hospitalized school-age children. Method: Randomized clinical trial performed in two hospitals ofSão Paulo, between May and October 2015. The intervention consisted of the application of DTP and the outcome was evaluated through the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD: H) instrument. The Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, Corrected t, Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were used in the analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: In all, 28 children participated in the study. The majority of children (75%) had a low anxiety score, with a mean CD: H score of 73.9 and 69.4 in the intervention and control groups respectively, and with no significant difference. Conclusion: Children submitted to DTP had the same degree of anxiety as those in the control group. However, it is suggested that new studies be performed with a larger number of children in different hospitalization scenarios.

scholarly journals Performance, workload, and usability in a multiscreen, multi-device, information-rich environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J Saleem ◽  
Dustin T Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Tablet Computer ◽  
Tablet Computers ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Condition C

Potential benefits of multiscreen and multiple device environments were assessed using three different computing environments. A single factor, within-subject study was conducted with 18 engineering students in a laboratory experiment. Three levels for the computing environment factor included one with a desktop computer with a single monitor (control, condition A); one with a desktop with dual monitors, as well as a single tablet computer (condition B); and one with a desktop with a single monitor, as well as two tablet computers (condition C). There was no statistically significant difference in efficiency or workload when completing scenarios for the three computing environments. However, a dual monitor desktop with a single tablet computer (B) was the ideal computing environment for the information-rich engineering problem given to participants, supported by significantly fewer errors compared to condition C and significantly higher usability ratings compared to conditions A and C. A single desktop monitor with two tablet computers (C) did not provide any advantage compared to a single desktop monitor (A).

scholarly journals Agreement between Impression of Stroke in the Emergency Department and Diagnosis at the Neurology Department

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Samad Shams-Vahdati ◽  
Alireza Ala ◽  
Eliar Sadeghi-Hokmabad ◽  
Neda Parnianfard ◽  
Maedeh Gheybi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevention Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Academic Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Mean

Background: Missing to detect an ischemic stroke in the emergency department leads to miss acute interventions and treatment with secondary prevention therapy. Our study examined the diagnosis of stroke in the emergency department (ED) and neurology department of an academic teaching hospital. Methods and Materials: A retrospective chart review was performed from March 2017 to March 2018. ED medical document (chart) were reviewed by a stroke neurologist to collect the clinical diagnosis and characteristics of ischemic stroke patients. For determining the cases of misdiagnosed and over diagnosed data, the administrative data codes were compared with the chart adjudicated diagnosis. The adjusted estimate of effect was estimated through testing the significant variables in a multivariable model. The comparisons were done with chi square test. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Results: Of 861 patients of the study, 54% were males and 43% were females; and the mean age of them was 66.51 ± 15.70. We find no statically significant difference between patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in the emergency department (12.87±3.25) and patients GCS in the neurology department (11.77±5.15). There were 18 (2.2%) overdiagnosed of ischemic stroke, 8 (0.9%) misdiagnosed of ischemic stroke and 36 (4.1%) misdiagnosed of hemorrhagic strokes in the emergency department. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between impression of stroke in the emergency department and diagnosis at the neurology department.

scholarly journals The Effect of Video Project-Based Learning on Students' Critical Thinking Skills during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1858-1867
Author(s):  
Albi Anggito ◽  
Pratiwi Pujiastuti ◽  
Dhiniaty Gularso
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Project-based Learning using video is being used at the University of Yogyakarta in order to examine the impact on students' thinking skills. The Paired Sample t-test analytic method was employed in this study to conduct a quasi-experiment, which is described in detail below. The findings revealed that: 1) the average increase from the pretest score to the posttest score was 4.55 in the experimental class and 3.41 in the control class, and 2) a statistically significant difference in the average increase was observed in the experimental class when the Project-based learning model was used in the classroom. The experimental class uses Project-based Learning, 3) the data in the experimental class is 0.097 (pretest) and 0.062 (posttest). In contrast, the data in the control class is 0.083 (pretest) and 0.064 (posttest), 4) the results of the hypothesis test revealed a significance level of 0. 007 in the experimental class and 0.016 in the control class, both of which were less than the significance level of 0.005, so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. According to the findings of this study, there appears to be an effect of applying the Project-based learning model on students' critical thinking skills in social studies classes. PjBL (project-based learning) models that include video can help students substantially enhance their critical thinking skills.

Evaluation Of Thigh Length Sequential Leg Compression In The Prevention Of Deep Venous Thrombosis

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J T Hartman ◽  
R P Yost ◽  
W W Robertson ◽  
H F Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

The present study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a thigh length sequential compression device (SCD) in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing hip operations (either fracture or elective). The night before the operation phleborheography, doppler ultrasound and, when possible, 125I fibrinogen scanning were used to evaluate venous flow in the patients’ legs. The patients identified as being free of DVT complications were then fitted with the compression sleeves. Following surgery the venous evaluation tests were repeated on alternate days to determine if DVT complications had developed. Evidence of DVT formation was identified in 10 of the 52 control patients (who received leg elevation only) and in 1 of the 52 treated patients (who received the SCD plus leg elevation). The chi square statistic demonstrates a significant difference between the two groups (P<.05).Data evaluation indicates that surgical approach and patient obesity did not contribute to the risk of DVT formation. However, patients who are either over the age of 66, females, or have suffered a hip fracture appear to be at greater risk than other groups. The amount of data in this study makes it difficult to evaluate with statistical significance the additional risk produced by other factors such as heart condition, previous history of clotting problems, estrogen therapy, etc.

scholarly journals Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Paixão Fayer ◽  
Maria Marta Conrado ◽  
Luciano Miranda ◽  
Renato Melo Ferreira ◽  
Everton Rocha Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Military College

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas aumentou o número de pessoas acima do peso, incluindo crianças e adolescentes, fato que é considerado preocupante, pois pode acarretar diversas doenças crônicas, em longo prazo.Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar, investigando possíveis diferenças entre os sexos e as faixas etárias.Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, do qual participaram 381 escolares de um colégio militar de Minas Gerais, de 11 a 17 anos, sendo 213 meninos e 168 meninas. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) que foi classificado segundo o PROESP-BR. Para testar diferenças entre os sexos, utilizou-se o teste do Qui-Quadrado (X2) e para testar a relação entre idade e IMC, utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson. Significância estatística: p < 0,05.Resultados: Foi observado sobrepeso em 17,8% (n = 68) e de obesidade em 5,8% (n = 22) dos escolares. Houve correlação positiva entre a idade cronológica e o IMC (r = 0,32; p < 0,0001). Não houve correlação entre estado nutricional e faixa etária. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos, em relação ao sobrepeso e à obesidade (16,9% e 6,6% nos meninos vs. 19,0% e 4,8% nas meninas, respectivamente).Conclusão: A prevalência sobrepeso e obesidade nos escolares do colégio militar, em conjunto, foi de 23,6%, tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas, sem diferença significativa entre as faixas etárias. Essa prevalência foi similar à média de escolares brasileiros.Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Students of a Military SchoolIntroduction: Over the past few decades, the number of overweight people, including children and adolescents has increased significantly, a fact that is considered worrying, as it can lead to several chronic diseases in the long term.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of a military college, investigating possible differences between sexes and age groups.Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out in which 381 students from a military school in Minas Gerais, aged 11 to 17 years, were 213 boys and 168 girls. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the PROESP-BR. To test for gender differences, the Chi-square test (X2) was used and Pearson's correlation was used to test the relationship between age and BMI. Statistical significance: p <0.05.Results: Overweight was observed in 17.8% (n = 68) and obesity in 5.8% (n = 22) of the students. There was a positive correlation between chronological age and BMI (r = 0.32; p <0.0001). There was no correlation between nutritional status and age range. No significant differences were observed between genders regarding overweight and obesity (16.9% and 6.6% in boys vs. 19.0% and 4.8% in girls, respectively).Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the students of the military college, together, was 23.6% in both boys and girls, with no significant difference between age groups. This prevalence was similar to the average of Brazilian schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal circulation time without clinical outcome of patients with cardiac surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
K. Colling ◽  
A. Zanettini ◽  
G. Stochero ◽  
R. G. Casarin ◽  
A. Sachetti
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Brazil and are related to the need for cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which can cause complications. Objectives: Analyze the influence of CPB time on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Method: Retrospective study, by consulting the records of cardiovascular surgeries performed at the institution's operating room from 2013 to 2017. The sample was divided into two groups, the cutoff point used was the median CPB time (89 minutes). Statistical analysis was performed using version 26.0 of the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The variables were described as mean, standard deviation, frequency and absolute number, comparisons between categorical variables were made using the Chi-square test and between numerical variables using Student's t test. An alpha less than or equal to 5% was considered as statistical significance. Results: The sample consisted of 236 patients, 66.1% male, mean age 60.52 ± 12.63 years, and patients with older age had a longer CPB time. The most frequent cardiac surgery was myocardial revascularization, followed by valve replacement and double correction surgery, most of the procedures occurred electively. Most of the procedures followed some complication in the immediate postoperative period, with the group with the longest CPB time showing greater statistical significance for complications and mortality. There was no significant difference when considering the length of stay and the cause of death. Conclusion: The procedures had a median CPB time of 89 minutes. Older patients, hemodynamically unstable at the beginning of surgery, and who underwent double surgical correction remain in cardiopulmonary bypass longer. CPB time greater than 89 minutes is related to a greater number of complications in the postoperative period and a higher mortality rate

scholarly journals Are swimming coaches ready to help injured young swimmers?

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Goran Dimitrić ◽  
Milorad Jakšić ◽  
Filip Sadri ◽  
Nataša Zenić
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Abstract Study aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and skills of swimming coaches in providing first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Material and methods: The sample consisted of 59 swimming coaches who responded to non-standardized questionnaire. The collected data were processed by the statistical program IBM SPSS (20.0), using the Chi-square test with cross-tabulation, with a level of statistical significance p ≤ 0.05. Results: Obtained data showed a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of swimming coaches about first aid and CPR in relation to coaching experience (p = 0.025); in the knowledge of providing first aid and CPR between coaches who have a certificate of first aid and CPR and those who do not (p = 0.006) and in first aid and CPR knowledge between coaches who have renewed their first aid and CPR knowledge and those who did not (p = 0.045). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, swimming coaches included in this research did not have enough knowledge and skills in first aid and CPR, which makes swimming programs unsafe. By obliging swimming coaches to acquire and constantly improve their knowledge and skills in first aid and CPR, the environment for all swimming programs would become safer.

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