scholarly journals PV/Wind-Integrated Low-Inertia System Frequency Control: PSO-Optimized Fractional-Order PI-Based SMES Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7622
Author(s):  
Md Shafiul Alam ◽  
Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail ◽  
Mohammad Ali Abido
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Total System ◽  
Virtual Inertia

A paradigm shift in power engineering transforms conventional fossil fuel-based power systems gradually into more sustainable and environmentally friendly systems due to more renewable energy source (RES) integration. However, the control structure of high-level RES integrated system becomes complex, and the total system inertia is reduced due to the removal of conventional synchronous generators. Thus, such a system poses serious frequency instabilities due to the high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). To handle this frequency instability issue, this work proposes an optimized fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) controller-based superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) approach. The proposed FOPI-based SMES technique to support virtual inertia is superior to and more robust than the conventional technique. The FOPI parameters are optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The SMES is modeled and integrated into the optimally designed FOPI to support the virtual inertia of the system. Fluctuating RESs are considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Extensive time-domain simulations were carried out in MATLAB Simulink with different load and generation mismatch levels. Systems with different inertia levels were simulated to guarantee the frequency stability of the system with the proposed FOPI-based SMES control technique. Several performance indices, such as overshoot, undershoot, and settling time, were considered in the analysis.

scholarly journals Emulating Rotational Inertia of Synchronous Machines by a New Control Technique in Grid-Interactive Converters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Saeedian ◽  
Bahram Pournazarian ◽  
S. Sajjad Seyedalipour ◽  
Bahman Eskandari ◽  
Edris Pouresmaeil
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Rotational Inertia ◽  
Virtual Inertia

Integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power systems is growing due to eco-friendly concerns and ever-increasing electricity demand. Voltage source converters (VSCs) are the main interface between RESs and power grids, which have neither rotational inertia nor damping characteristics. Lack of these metrics make the power grid sensitive to frequency disturbances and thereby under frequency, to load shedding activation or even large-scale collapse. In this regard, the contribution of this paper is to develop a new control technique for VSCs that can provide virtual inertia and damping properties with the DC-link capacitors inhered in the DC-side of grid-tied VSCs. The applied VSC is controlled in the current controlled model, with the capability of injecting extra active power with the aim of frequency support during perturbations. The dynamics assessment of the proposed platform is derived in detail. It is revealed that the control scheme performs in a stable region even under weak-grid conditions. Finally, simulations are conducted in MATLAB to depict the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that frequency deviation is mitigated under step up/down changes in the demand, and the rate of change of frequency is improved by 47.37% compared to the case in which the synthetic inertia loop is canceled out.

scholarly journals Ant Lion Optimized Fractional Order Fuzzy Pre-Compensated Intelligent Pid Controller for Frequency Stabilization of Interconnected Multi-Area Power Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Gomaa Haroun ◽  
Yin-Ya Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Intelligent Pid ◽  
Ant Lion ◽  
Simulation Results

Load frequency control (LFC) is considered to be the most important strategy in interconnected multi-area power systems for satisfactory operation and distribution. In order to transfer reliable power with acceptable quality, an LFC mechanism requires highly efficacy and intelligent techniques. In this paper, a novel hybrid fractional order fuzzy pre-compensated intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (PID) (FOFP-iPID) controller is proposed for the LFC of a realistic interconnected two-area power system. The proposed FOFP-iPID controller is incorporated into the power system as a secondary controller. In doing so, the parameters of the suggested FOFP-iPID controller are optimized using a more recent evolutionary computational technique called the Ant lion optimizer (ALO) algorithm utilizing an Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE) index. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed FOFP-iPID controller achieves better dynamics performance under a wide variation of load perturbations. The supremacy of the proposed FOFP-iPID controller is demonstrated by comparing the results with some existing controllers, such as fractional order PID (FOPID) and fractional order intelligent PID (FOiPID) controllers for the identical system. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the plant is examined and the simulation results showed that the suggested FOFP-iPID controller is robust and performs satisfactorily despite the presence of uncertainties.

scholarly journals Impact of Combined Demand-Response and Wind Power Plant Participation in Frequency Control for Multi-Area Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Muñoz-Benavente ◽  
Anca D. Hansen ◽  
Emilio Gómez-Lázaro ◽  
Tania García-Sánchez ◽  
Ana Fernández-Guillamón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Total System ◽  
Interconnected Power Systems

An alternative approach for combined frequency control in multi-area power systems with significant wind power plant integration is described and discussed in detail. Demand response is considered as a decentralized and distributed resource by incorporating innovative frequency-sensitive load controllers into certain thermostatically controlled loads. Wind power plants comprising variable speed wind turbines include an auxiliary frequency control loop contributing to increase total system inertia in a combined manner, which further improves the system frequency performance. Results for interconnected power systems show how the proposed control strategy substantially improves frequency stability and decreases peak frequency excursion (nadir) values. The total need for frequency regulation reserves is reduced as well. Moreover, the requirements to exchange power in multi-area scenarios are significantly decreased. Extensive simulations under power imbalance conditions for interconnected power systems are also presented in the paper.

scholarly journals An Efficient Adaptive Virtual Inertia Controller for Virtual Synchronous Generators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Malekpour ◽  
Arash Kiyoumarsi ◽  
Mehdi Gholipour
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Virtual Inertia ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control ◽  
Oscillation Damping

This paper proposes an efficient adaptive strategy to control virtual inertia of virtual synchronous generators. This adaptive virtual inertia can provide low frequency oscillation damping and simultaneously improve primary frequency control in power systems. <br>

scholarly journals Provision of Frequency Stability of an Islanded Microgrid Using a Novel Virtual Inertia Control and a Fractional Order Cascade Controller

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4152
Author(s):  
Soroush Oshnoei ◽  
Mohammadreza Aghamohammadi ◽  
Siavash Oshnoei ◽  
Arman Oshnoei ◽  
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Virtual Inertia ◽  
Inertia Control ◽  
System Frequency

Nowadays, the renewable energy sources in microgrids (MGs) have high participation to supply the consumer’s demand. In such MGs, the problems such as the system frequency stability, inertia, and damping reduction are threatened. To overcome this challenge, employing the virtual inertia control (VIC) concept in the MG structure could be considered as a viable solution to improve the system frequency response. Hence, this work proposes a novel modeling for VIC in an islanded MG that provides simultaneous emulation of the primary frequency control, virtual inertia, and damping. To show the efficiency of the proposed technique, a comparison is made between the dynamic performance of the proposed VIC and conventional VIC under different scenarios. The results indicate that the proposed VIC presents superior frequency performance in comparison with conventional VIC. In addition to VIC modeling, a new cascade controller based on three-degrees of freedom and fractional-order controllers (FOCs) is proposed as an MG secondary controller. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared to tilt-integral-derivative and FO proportional-integral-derivative controllers. The Squirrel search algorithm is utilized to obtain the optimal coefficients of the controllers. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller improves the MG frequency performance over other controllers. Eventually, the sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the robustness of the proposed controller in the face of the variations of the parameters.

scholarly journals Analytical Approach to Understanding the Effects of Implementing Fast-Frequency Response by Wind Turbines on the Short-Term Operation of Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Danny Ochoa ◽  
Sergio Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Test System ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Inertial Response ◽  
Virtual Inertia ◽  
Grid Operators

The significant presence of variable-speed wind turbines in worldwide power systems has led to planners and grid operators requiring them to participate in frequency control tasks. To address this demand, a large number of wind frequency control proposals have been reported in the literature in recent years. Many of these solutions have been tested by specific experiments carried out in computer simulation environments. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the effects of enabling frequency support by wind turbines on the magnitudes that characterize the inertial response of a power system by using an analytical approach. The derived formulation and the illustrations are designed to provide a better understanding of both the mechanisms that determine the frequency stability indices and the improvement achieved by enabling the inertial response of wind turbines by implementing a virtual inertia-based method on the active power controllers of these machines. To facilitate the comprehension of the results obtained, the analytical approach is complemented with time-domain simulations in a predefined test system implemented in MATLAB/Simulink®. The proposed methodology achieves a generalization of the results and can be used for the assessment of any power system configuration.

scholarly journals Voltage and Frequency Control of Balanced/Unbalanced Distribution System Using the SMES System in the Presence of Wind Energy

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-224
Author(s):  
Hossam S. Salama ◽  
Istvan Vokony
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Logic Control

This paper presents an effective solution to overcome the problem caused by intermittent energy sources that are connected to a balanced/unbalanced distribution system using a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system by mitigating the voltage and frequency fluctuations during wind gusts. The fuzzy logic control technique (FLC) is used with SMES to improve the voltage and frequency. A squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is applied as the wind energy generator. The IEEE 33-bus distribution system is used to validate the proposed method. Buses 18 33 are the weakest points in this system; thus, the wind and SMES systems are connected to the system at these buses. We used MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the performance of the IEEE 33-bus system (balanced/unbalanced) considering the SMES, wind system, and fuzzy logic control (FLC). The simulation results show the high performance of the proposed control method to alleviate the voltage and frequency fluctuation and achieve the power leveling strategy of the studied system.

scholarly journals An Efficient Adaptive Virtual Inertia Controller for Virtual Synchronous Generators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Malekpour ◽  
Arash Kiyoumarsi ◽  
Mehdi Gholipour
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Virtual Inertia ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control ◽  
Oscillation Damping

This paper proposes an efficient adaptive strategy to control virtual inertia of virtual synchronous generators. This adaptive virtual inertia can provide low frequency oscillation damping and simultaneously improve primary frequency control in power systems. <br>

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